Device for automatic injection of radionuclide

• US 5,472,403 A
• Filed: 05/11/1993
• Issued: 12/05/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 05/11/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Regents of the University of California (University of California)
• Original Assignee: Regents of the University of California (University of California)
• Inventors: Cornacchia, Louis, Ozaki, George, Alksne, John K., Yeung, David W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Cohen, Lee S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): GREEN, BRIAN
• Application Number:
  US08/060,586
• Time in Patent Office: 938 Days
• Field of Search: 600/3, 600/4, 600/5, 128/653.4, 128/655, 604/92, 604/232, 604/246, 604/247, 604/284
• US Class Current: 600/4
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/50 with microprocessors or computers
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/007 for contrast media
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/1407 Infusion of two or more substances
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/1452 pressurised by means of pistons
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/16827 controlling delivery of multiple fluids, e.g. sequencing, mixing or via separate flow-paths infusion of multiple fluids without using a controller A61M5/1407

Abstract

The automatic injection device comprises two syringes, one for injecting a measured quantity of radionuclide and a second for injecting a saline solution for flushing the intravenous tubing through which the radionuclide has been delivered. Each of these syringes is driven by a motor which compresses the plunger of the syringe causing it to inject its contents. The motors receive an activation signal from a computer controller which initiates the injection sequence upon receipt of a trigger signal which is provided either by a separate seizure detection computer, by activation by the patient who recognizes an aura indicative of an imminent seizure, or by activation by medical personnel observing the patient. The computer implements a delay cycle to permit verification of the trigger to avoid initiating the injection sequence in the event of false alarms. Since the radionuclide is placed in the syringe in advance of the actual injection, decay of the radioactive element is compensated for by storing more radionuclide in the syringe than is needed, then calculating the quantity of radionuclide to be injected based upon the time delay from the filling of the syringe to the occurrence of the seizure and the half life of the radionuclide.

Claims

1. A device for facilitating use of ictal single photon emission computed tomography for localizing seizure focus in a patient comprising:

a first syringe for retaining a first quantity of a radionuclide;

a first activation means for causing said first syringe to inject said radionuclide;

a second syringe for injecting a saline solution;

a second activation means for causing said second syringe to inject said saline solution;

tubing for delivering fluids to said patient intravenously;

a "Y" connector having a first input and a second input connected to said first syringe and said second syringe respectively and an output connected to said tubing for directing said radionuclide and said saline solution into said tubing;

a plurality of trigger means, each trigger means for providing a trigger signal indicative of occurrence of a seizure; and

a computer means for receiving said trigger signal, introducing a verification delay for verifying said occurrence of a seizure, calculating a second quantity of said radionuclide less than or equal to said first quantity of said radionuclide based upon a time delay between a filling of said first syringe and said occurrence of a seizure and a half-life of said radionuclide, providing an inject signal to said first activation means to inject said second quantity and providing a flush signal to said second activation means to inject said saline solution to flush said tubing;

wherein said radionuclide is injected within a critical period following said occurrence of a seizure to permit localization of the seizure focus in said patient'"'"'s brain using ictal single photon emission computed tomography.

2. A device as in claim 1 further comprising:

verification means for verifying said occurrence of a seizure during said verification delay; and

reset means for returning said device to a standby mode if no verification occurs.

3. A device as in claim 1 wherein each said trigger means is a seizure detection computer.

4. A device as in claim 1 wherein each said trigger means is a patient-activated input means said patient-activated input means being manually activated by the patient in response to detecting an onset of the seizure.

5. A device as in claim 1 wherein each said trigger means is a medical observer activated input means, said medical observer activated input means being manually activated by a medical staff member upon observance of an onset of said seizure.

6. A device as in claim 1 wherein said first activation means comprises a DC motor.

7. A device as in claim 1 wherein said second activation means comprises a DC motor.

8. A device as in claim 1 wherein said first activation means comprises a stepper motor.

9. A device as in claim 1 wherein said second activation means comprises a stepper motor.

10. A device as in claim 1 wherein said first activation means comprises a solenoid.

11. A device as in claim 1 wherein said second activation means comprises a solenoid.

12. A device as in claim 1 further comprising a radiation shield surrounding said first syringe.

13. A device as in claim 1 wherein said computer means varies said verification delay in accordance with which of said plurality of trigger means provides said trigger signal.

14. A device as in claim 1 wherein said computer means further comprises memory means for maintaining a record of said occurrence of a seizure and said second quantity.

15. A device as in claim 14 further comprising output means for providing a hard copy of said record.

16. A device as in claim 1 further comprising an alarm device connected to each said trigger means for emitting an audible alarm in response to said trigger signal.

17. An apparatus for automatically injecting a radionuclide into a patient in response to an epileptic seizure, said apparatus comprising:

a first syringe for retaining a first quantity of a radionuclide;

a first activation means for causing said first syringe to inject said radionuclide;

a second syringe for injecting a saline solution;

a second activation means for causing said second syringe to inject said saline solution;

tubing connected to each of said first syringe and said second syringe for delivering fluids from each said syringe to said patient intravenously;

at least one trigger means for providing a trigger signal indicative of occurrence of a seizure; and

a computer means for receiving said trigger signal, introducing a verification delay for verifying said occurrence of a seizure, calculating a second quantity of said radionuclide less than or equal to said first quantity based upon a time delay between a filling of said first syringe and said occurrence of a seizure and a half-life of radionuclide, providing an inject signal to said first activation means to inject said second quantity and providing a flush signal to said second activation means to inject said saline solution to flush said tubing.

18. An apparatus as in claim 17 further comprising:

verification means for verifying said occurrence of a seizure during said verification delay; and

reset means for returning said device to a standby mode if no verification occurs.

19. An apparatus as in claim 17 wherein said computer means varies said verification delay is varied according to in accordance with which of said plurality of trigger means provides said trigger signal.

20. An apparatus as in claim 17 wherein said at least one trigger means is a seizure detection computer.

21. An apparatus as in claim 17 wherein said at least one trigger means is a patient-activated input means, said patient-activated input means being manually activated by said patient in response to detection of an onset of the seizure.

22. An apparatus as in claim 17 wherein said at least one trigger means is a medical observer activated input means, said medical observer activated input means being manually activated by a medical staff member upon observance of an onset of the seizure.

23. An apparatus as in claim 17 wherein said first activation means comprises a DC motor.

24. An apparatus as in claim 17 wherein said second activation means comprises a DC motor.

25. An apparatus as in claim 17 further comprising an alarm device in electrical connection with said at least one means for emitting an audible alarm in response to said trigger signal.

26. An apparatus as in claim 17 further compromising a radiation shield surrounding said first syringe.

27. A device for injection of a radionuclide having a half-life to facilitate mapping of a cerebral blood flow pattern in a patient upon detection of a seizure, the device comprising:

a plurality of syringes, a first syringe of said plurality containing a first quantity of said radionuclide;

an electronically-controlled activation means corresponding to each syringe of said plurality of syringes for causing said each syringe to inject its contents;

intravenous tubing having at least one first end connected to each of said plurality of syringes and a second end having a catheter attached thereto for insertion into the patient;

a plurality of trigger means, each trigger means for generating a trigger signal in response to detection of the seizure;

a computer controller connected to said plurality of trigger means for initiating an injection sequence in response to receiving said trigger signal, said injection sequence including calculating a second quantity of the radionuclide less than or equal to said first quantity said based upon the half-life of the radionuclide and a time delay between loading of the radionuclide into said first syringe and detection of the seizure, and generating an electrical signal for activating said activation means corresponding to said first syringe for injecting said second quantity.

28. A device as in claim 27 wherein said computer controller introduces a verification delay into the injection sequence after receiving said trigger signal and further comprising a verification means for verifying detection of the seizure and providing a confirmation signal to said computer controller to continue the injection sequence.

29. A device as in claim 27 wherein said computer controller generates a flush signal following injection of said second quantity whereby a saline solution is injected through said intravenous tubing by a second syringe of said plurality of syringes.