Tagging system having resonant frequency shift compensation

• US 5,473,330 A
• Filed: 11/17/1993
• Issued: 12/05/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 02/01/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Assa Abloy AB
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Ghaem, Sanjar, Lauro, George L., Istvan, Rudyard L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hellner, Mark
• Application Number:
  US08/153,450
• Time in Patent Office: 748 Days
• Field of Search: 342/42, 342/51
• US Class Current: 342/42
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/753 using frequency selective elements, e.g. resonator
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/825 with exchange of information between interrogator and responder
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0672 with resonating marks
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/086 sensing passive circuit, e.g. resonant circuit transponders
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2414 using inductive tags
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2482 EAS methods, e.g. description of flow chart of the detection procedure

Abstract

A tagging system (20) compensates for both resonant frequency spatial dependent shifts and resonant frequency dependent shifts for detecting data resonant circuits (DC1-DC6) on an RF tag 10 which is carried by a tagged object (34). The system includes at least one transmitter (26) and at least one receiver (28) for determining the actual resonant frequencies of reference resonant circuits (SC1-SC5, FC1-FC4) on the tag 10. A microprocessor controller (22), in response to the frequency difference between the undisturbed resonant frequencies of the reference resonant circuits and the actual resonant frequencies of the reference resonant circuits, provides compensating factors to compensate for the spatial and frequency effects of the resonant frequencies of the resonant circuits on the tag (10). The transmitter and receiver determine the actual resonant frequency of each data resonant circuit (DC1-DC6) on the tag (10). The microprocessor controller (22) then determines the undisturbed resonant frequencies of the data resonant circuits on tag (10) from the actual resonant frequencies of the data resonant circuits and the compensation factors.

Claims

1. A RF tagging system comprising:

a tag having thereon a plurality of reference resonant circuits and a plurality of data resonant circuits, each of said data resonant circuits being resonant at a different actual resonant frequency corresponding to an undisturbed resonant frequency selected from a predetermined plurality of known resonant frequencies and each said reference resonant circuit being resonant at an actual different resonant frequency corresponding to a predetermined known undisturbed different resonant frequency;

determining means for determining the actual resonant frequencies of each said reference resonant circuit; and

compensating means for determining for each said reference resonant circuit the frequency difference between its actual resonant frequency and its corresponding predetermined known undisturbed resonant frequency and responsive thereto providing a compensation factor for the resonant frequency of each said data resonant circuit,

said determining means determining the actual resonant frequency of each said data resonant circuit, and

said compensating means being responsive to said compensation factors and the actual resonant frequencies of said data resonant circuits for determining the undisturbed resonant frequencies of said data resonant circuits.

2. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein said determining means are responsive to said compensation factors for determining the actual resonant frequency of each said data resonant circuit.

3. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein said compensating means correlates said frequency differences and the predetermined undisturbed resonant frequencies of said reference resonant circuits to the predetermined undisturbed resonant frequencies of said data resonant circuits for providing said compensation factors.

4. A system as defined in claim 3 wherein the undisturbed resonant frequencies of said reference resonant circuits span the undisturbed resonant frequencies of said data resonant circuits, whereby said compensation factors are frequency dependent.

5. A system as defined in claim 4 wherein said data and reference resonant circuits are passive resonant circuits and wherein said determining means include transmitter means for radiating radio frequency energy in a frequency range including the undisturbed resonant frequencies of said data and reference resonant circuits.

6. A system as defined in claim 5 wherein said determining means further includes receiving means for receiving radio frequency energy in said frequency range.

7. A system as defined in claim 6 wherein said receiving means determines the actual resonant frequencies of said resonant circuits by detecting absorption of said radiated radio frequency energy by said resonant circuits.

8. A system as defined in claim 5 wherein said transmitter means are responsive to said compensating factors for radiating radio frequency energy at transmission frequencies corresponding to each of said actual resonant frequencies of said data resonant circuits.

9. A system as defined in claim 8 wherein said transmitter means are dithered transmission means for sweeping frequency ranges above and below each said actual resonant frequency of said data resonant circuits.

10. A system as defined in claim 9 wherein said determining means further include dithered receiving means responsive to said compensation factors for receiving radiated radio frequency energy in said frequency ranges.

11. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein each of said reference resonant circuit is located at a different predetermined known location on said tag, wherein each said data resonant circuit is located at a different predetermined known location on said tag and wherein said compensating means correlates said frequency differences and the location of said reference resonant circuits on said tag to the locations of said data resonant circuits on said tag for providing said compensation factors.

12. A system as defined in claim 11 wherein the undisturbed resonant frequencies of said reference resonant circuits are closely spaced together, whereby said compensation factors are spatially dependent.

13. A system as defined in claim 12 wherein said data and reference resonant circuits are passive resonant circuits and wherein said determining means include transmitter means for radiating radio frequency energy in a frequency range including the undisturbed resonant frequencies of said data and reference resonant circuits.

14. A system as defined in claim 13 wherein said determining means further includes receiving means for receiving radio frequency energy in said frequency range.

15. A system as defined in claim 14 wherein said receiving means determines the actual resonant frequencies of said resonant circuits by detecting absorption of said radiated radio frequency energy by said resonant circuits.

16. A system as defined in claim 13 wherein said transmitter means are responsive to said compensating factors for radiating radio frequency energy at transmission frequencies corresponding to each of said actual resonant frequencies of said data resonant circuits.

17. A system as defined in claim 16 wherein said transmitter means are dithered transmission means for sweeping frequency ranges above and below each said actual resonant frequency of said data resonant circuits.

18. A system as defined in claim 17 wherein said determining means further include dithered receiving means responsive to said compensation factors for receiving radiated radio frequency energy in said frequency ranges.

19. A RF tagging system comprising:

a tag having thereon a plurality of first reference resonant circuits, a plurality of second reference resonant circuits, and a plurality of data resonant circuits, each said data resonant circuit being resonant at a different actual resonant frequency corresponding to an undisturbed resonant frequency selected from a predetermined plurality of known resonant frequencies and being located at a predetermined known location on said tag, each said first reference resonant circuit being resonant at an actual different resonant frequency corresponding to a predetermined known undisturbed different resonant frequency and being located at a predetermined known location on said tag, and each said second reference resonant circuit being resonant at an actual different resonant frequency corresponding to a predetermined known undisturbed different resonant frequency and being located at a predetermined known location on said tag;

determining means for determining the actual resonant frequency of each said reference resonant circuits;

compensating means for determining, for each said first reference resonant circuit the frequency difference between its actual resonant frequency and its corresponding predetermined known undisturbed resonant frequency, for determining, for each said second reference resonant circuit the frequency difference between its actual resonant frequency and its corresponding predetermined known undisturbed resonant frequency, and being responsive to said determined frequency differences for providing a compensation factor for the resonant frequency of each said data resonant circuit;

said determining means determining the actual resonant frequency of each said data resonant circuit, and

said compensating means being responsive to said compensation factors and the actual resonant frequencies of said data resonant circuits for determining the undisturbed resonant frequencies of said data resonant circuits.

20. A system as defined in claim 19 wherein said determining means are responsive to said compensation factors for determining the actual resonant frequency of each said data resonant circuit.

21. A system as defined in claim 19 wherein said compensating means correlates said frequency differences associated with said first reference resonant circuits and the location of said first reference resonant circuits on said tag to the locations of said data resonant circuits on said tag for providing a spatially dependent compensation factor for each said data resonant circuit.

22. A system as defined in claim 21 wherein the undisturbed resonant frequencies of said first resonant circuits are closely spaced together.

23. A system as defined in claim 21 wherein said compensating means further correlates said frequency differences associated with said first reference resonant circuits and the location of said first reference resonant circuits on said tag to the location of each said second resonant circuit on said tag for estimating a spatially dependent shift component of each said frequency difference associated with each said second reference resonant circuit.

24. A system as defined in claim 23 wherein the undisturbed resonant frequencies of said second reference resonant circuits span the undisturbed resonant frequencies of said data resonant circuits.

25. A system as defined in claim 23 wherein said compensating means subtracts each said estimated spatial shift component from the corresponding frequency difference associated with each said second reference resonant circuit for providing a frequency dependent frequency difference for each said second reference resonant circuit.

26. A system as defined in claim 25 wherein said compensating means further correlates said frequency dependent frequency differences and the predetermined undisturbed resonant frequencies of said second reference resonant circuits to the predetermined undisturbed resonant frequencies of said data resonant circuits for providing a frequency dependent compensation factor for each said data resonant circuit.

27. A system as defined in claim 26 wherein said compensating means combines each said spatially dependent compensation factor with each corresponding said frequency dependent compensation factor corresponding to each said data resonant circuit to provide said compensation factor for the resonant frequency of each said data resonant circuit.

28. A system as defined in claim 27 wherein said data and reference resonant circuits are passive resonant circuits and wherein said determining means includes transmitter means for radiating radio frequency energy in a frequency range including the undisturbed resonant frequencies of said data and reference resonant circuits.

29. A system as defined in claim 28 wherein said determining means further includes receiving means for receiving radio frequency energy in said frequency range.

30. A system as defined in claim 29 wherein said receiving means determines the actual resonant frequencies of said resonant circuits by detecting absorption of said radiated radio frequency energy by said resonant circuits.

31. A system as defined in claim 28 wherein said transmitter means are responsive to said compensation factors for radiating radio frequency energy at transmission frequencies corresponding to each of said actual resonant frequencies of said data resonant circuits.

32. A system as defined in claim 31 wherein said transmitter means are dithered transmission means for sweeping frequency ranges above and below each said actual resonant frequency of said data resonant circuits.

33. A system as defined in claim 32 wherein said determining means further include dithered receiving means responsive to said compensation factors for receiving radiated radio frequency energy in said frequency ranges.

34. A RF tagging system comprising:

a tag having thereon a plurality of reference resonant means and a plurality of data resonant means, each of said data resonant means being resonant at a different actual resonant frequency corresponding to an undisturbed resonant frequency selected from a predetermined plurality of known resonant frequencies and each said reference resonant means being resonant at an actual different resonant frequency corresponding to a predetermined known undisturbed different resonant frequency;

determining means for determining the actual resonant frequencies of each said reference resonant means; and

compensating means for determining for each said reference resonant means the frequency difference between its actual resonant frequency and its corresponding predetermined known undisturbed resonant frequency and responsive thereto providing a compensation factor for the resonant frequency of each said data resonant means,

said determining means determining the actual resonant frequency of each said data resonant means, and

said compensating means being responsive to said compensation factors and the actual resonant frequencies of said data resonant means for determining the undisturbed resonant frequencies of said data resonant means.

35. A tagging system comprising:

a tag having thereon at least one reference resonant means and at least one data resonant means, each of said data resonant means being resonant at at least a different actual resonant frequency corresponding to an a designed resonant frequency selected from a predetermined plurality of known resonant frequencies and each said reference resonant means being resonant at at least an actual different resonant frequency corresponding to a predetermined known designed different resonant frequency;

determining means for determining the actual resonant frequencies of each said reference resonant means; and

compensating means for determining for each said reference resonant means the frequency difference between its actual resonant frequency and its corresponding predetermined known designed resonant frequency and responsive thereto providing a compensation factor for the resonant frequency of each said data resonant means,

said determining means determining the actual resonant frequency of each said data resonant means, and

said compensating means being responsive to said compensation factors and the actual resonant frequencies of said data resonant means for determining the designed resonant frequencies of said data resonant means.

36. A RF tagging system according to claim 35 wherein said tag has a plurality of said reference resonant means.

37. A tagging system comprising:

a tag having thereon a plurality of reference resonant modes and a plurality of data resonant modes, each of said data resonant modes being resonant at a different actual resonant frequency corresponding to an undisturbed resonant frequency selected from a predetermined plurality of known resonant frequencies and each said reference resonant modes being resonant at an actual different resonant frequency corresponding to a predetermined known undisturbed different resonant frequency;

determining means for determining the actual resonant frequencies of each said reference resonant modes; and

compensating means for determining for each said reference resonant modes the frequency difference between its actual resonant frequency and its corresponding predetermined known undisturbed resonant frequency and responsive thereto providing a compensation factor for the resonant frequency of each said data resonant modes,

said determining means determining the actual resonant frequency of each said data resonant modes, and

said compensating means being responsive to said compensation factors and the actual resonant frequencies of said data resonant modes for determining the undisturbed resonant frequencies of said data resonant modes.

38. A RF tagging system comprising:

a tag having thereon a plurality of reference resonant modes and a plurality of data resonant modes, each of said data resonant modes being resonant at a different actual resonant frequency corresponding to an a designed resonant frequency selected from a predetermined plurality of known resonant frequencies and each said reference resonant modes being resonant at an actual different resonant frequency corresponding to a predetermined known designed different resonant frequency;

determining means for determining the actual resonant frequencies of each said reference resonant modes; and

compensating means for determining for each said reference resonant modes the frequency difference between its actual resonant frequency and its corresponding predetermined known designed resonant frequency and responsive thereto providing a compensation factor for the resonant frequency of each said data resonant modes,

said determining means determining the actual resonant frequency of each said data resonant modes, and

said compensating means being responsive to said compensation factors and the actual resonant frequencies of said data resonant modes for determining the designed resonant frequencies of said data resonant modes.