Controlled-brake orthosis

• US 5,476,441 A
• Filed: 09/30/1993
• Issued: 12/19/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 09/30/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Goldfarb, Michael, Durfee, William
• Primary Examiner(s): DVORAK, LINDA C
• Application Number:
  US08/129,920
• Time in Patent Office: 810 Days
• Field of Search: 602/5, 602/16, 602/19, 602/23, 602/26, 434/112, 623/24, 623/44, 623/45, 601/5, 601/33-35, 607/48, 607/49
• US Class Current: 602/23
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 5/0102 specially adapted for correcting deformities of the limbs or for supporting them; Ortheses, e.g. with articulations
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36003 of motor muscles, e.g. for walking assistance

Abstract

A controlled-brake orthosis for providing controlled limb movement includes a stimulator for stimulating an individual'"'"'s leg muscles which causes the legs to move. An orthosis worn on the legs to support the legs include lower links rotatably coupled to upper links with lower rotatable joints. Brackets are rotatably coupled to the upper links with upper rotatable joints. The joints are located adjacent to the hip and knee joints of the individual and brakes are coupled to the joints for controlling the rotation of the joints. By controlling the stimulator and brakes with a computer, movement of the legs can be controlled to produce walking.

Claims

1. A controlled brake orthosis for providing controlled limb movement comprising:

a stimulator for stimulating a muscle of a limb to cause the limb to move;

an orthosis capable of being worn on the limb comprising a lower link rotatably coupled to an upper link by a lower rotatable joint; and

a lower brake coupled to the lower joint for controlling the rotation of the lower joint to assist the muscle in providing controlled movement of the limb, the lower brake being a variable resistance brake;

a sensor coupled to the lower joint for providing a signal indicative of the rotational position of the lower joint; and

a computer responsive to the sensor signal for controlling the level of resistance provided by the lower brake throughout the rotation of the lower joint such that the lower brake is capable of guiding the movement of the limb by regulating power applied to the lower joint throughout the rotation of the lower joint, the computer also controlling the stimulator.

2. The orthosis of claim 1 further comprising:

a bracket rotatably coupled to the upper link by an upper rotatable joint;

an upper brake coupled to the upper joint for controlling the rotation of the upper joint to further assist the muscle in providing controlled movement of the limb.

3. The orthosis of claim 2 in which the upper and lower rotatable joints are positionable adjacent limb joints.

4. The orthosis of claim 2 in which the lower joint has one degree of freedom of rotation.

5. The orthosis of claim 2 in which the upper joint has two degrees of freedom of rotation.

6. The orthosis of claim 2 in which the computer controls the upper brake.

7. The orthosis of claim 6 further comprising sensors for sensing and providing the computer with the rotational position of the joints.

8. The orthosis of claim 2 in which the orthosis is capable of being worn on a leg of an animal.

9. A controlled brake orthosis for providing controlled limb movement comprising:

a stimulator for stimulating a muscle of a first limb and a muscle of a second limb to cause the first and second limbs to move;

a first orthosis portion capable of being worn on the first limb for supporting the first limb, and comprising;

a lower link rotatably coupled to an upper link by a lower rotatable joint; and

a lower brake coupled to the lower joint for controlling the rotation of the lower joint to assist the muscle of the first limb in providing controlled movement of the first limb, the lower brake being a variable resistance brake; and

a second orthosis portion capable of being worn on the second limb for supporting the second limb and comprising;

a lower link rotatably coupled to an upper link by a lower rotatable joint; and

a lower brake coupled to the lower joint for controlling the rotation of the lower joint to assist the muscle of the second limb in providing controlled movement of the second limb, the lower brake being a variable resistance brake;

first and second sensors coupled to respective lower joints for providing signals indicative of the rotational positions of the lower joints; and

a computer responsive to the sensor signals for controlling the level of resistance provided by the lower brakes throughout the rotation of the lower joints such that the lower brakes are capable of guiding the movement of the limbs by regulating power applied to the lower joints throughout the rotation of the lower joints, the computer also controlling the stimulator.

10. The orthosis of claim 9 in which the first orthosis portion further comprises:

a bracket rotatably coupled to the upper link by an upper rotatable joint;

an upper brake coupled to the upper joint for controlling the rotation of the upper joint to further assist the muscle of the first limb in providing controlled movement of the first limb;

and in which the second orthosis portion further comprises;

a bracket rotatably coupled to the upper link by an upper rotatable joint; and

an upper brake coupled to the upper joint for controlling the rotation of the upper joint to further assist the muscle of the second limb in providing controlled movement of the second limb.

11. The orthosis of claim 10 further comprising a coupling rod secured to the first orthosis portion bracket and the second orthosis portion bracket for coupling the first and second orthosis portions together.

12. The orthosis of claim 10 in which the upper and lower rotatable joints are positionable adjacent limb joints.

13. The orthosis of claim 10 in which the lower joints have one degree of freedom of rotation.

14. The orthosis of claim 10 in which the upper joints have two degrees of freedom of rotation.

15. The orthosis of claim 10 in which the computer controls the upper brakes.

16. The orthosis of claim 15 further comprising sensors for sensing and providing the computer with the rotational position of the joints.

17. A method for providing controlled limb movement comprising the steps of:

stimulating a muscle of a limb with a stimulator to cause the limb to move;

supporting the limb with an orthosis, the orthosis capable of being worn on the limb and comprising a lower link rotatably coupled to an upper link by a lower rotatable joint;

providing a signal indicative of the rotational position of the lower joint with a sensor coupled to the lower joint; and

controlling the rotation of the lower joint with a lower brake coupled to the lower joint to assist the muscle in providing controlled movement of the limb, the lower brake being a variable resistance brake, a computer responding to the sensor signal for controlling the level of resistance provided by the lower brake throughout the rotation of the lower joint such that the lower brake guides the movement of the limb by regulating power applied to the lower joint throughout the rotation of the lower joint, the computer also controlling the stimulator.

18. The method of claim 17 further comprising the steps of:

rotatably coupling a bracket to the upper link by an upper rotatable joint to provide additional freedom of movement for the limb; and

controlling the rotation of the upper joint with an upper brake coupled to the upper joint to further assist the muscle in providing controlled movement of the limb.

19. The method of claim 18 further comprising the step of controlling the upper brake with the computer.

20. The method of claim 19 further comprising the step of sensing and providing the computer with the rotational position of the joints with sensors.

21. A method for providing controlled limb movement comprising the steps of:

electrically stimulating a muscle of a first limb and a muscle of a second limb with a stimulator to cause the first and second limbs to move;

supporting the first limb with a first orthosis portion, the first orthosis portion capable of being worn on the first limb and comprising a lower link rotatably coupled to an upper link by a lower rotatable joint;

providing a first signal indicative of the rotational position of the first orthosis portion lower joint with a first sensor coupled to the first orthosis portion lower joint;

controlling the rotation of the first orthosis portion lower joint with a first orthosis portion lower brake coupled to the first orthosis portion lower joint to assist the muscle of the first limb in providing controlled movement of the first limb, the first orthosis portion lower brake being a variable resistance brake, a computer responding to the first orthosis portion lower sensor signal for controlling the level of resistance provided by the first orthosis portion lower brake throughout the rotation of the first orthosis portion lower joint such that the first orthosis portion lower brake guides the movement of the first limb by regulating power applied to the first orthosis portion lower joint throughout the rotation of the first orthosis portion lower joint;

supporting the second limb with a second orthosis portion, the second orthosis portion capable of being worn on the second limb and comprising a lower link rotatably coupled to an upper link by a lower rotatable joint;

providing a second signal indicative of the rotational position of the second orthosis portion lower joint with a sensor coupled to the second orthosis portion lower joint; and

controlling the rotation of the second orthosis portion lower joint with a second orthosis portion lower brake coupled to the second orthosis portion lower joint to assist the muscle of the second limb in providing controlled movement of the second limb, the second orthosis portion lower brake being a variable resistance brake, the computer responding to the second orthosis portion lower sensor signal for controlling the level of resistance provided by the second orthosis portion lower brake throughout the rotation of the second orthosis portion lower joint such that the second orthosis portion lower brake guides the movement of the second limb by regulating power applied to the second orthosis portion lower joint throughout the rotation of the second orthosis portion lower joint, the computer also controlling the stimulator.

22. The method of claim 21 further comprising the steps of:

rotatably coupling a bracket to the upper link of the first orthosis portion by an upper rotatable joint to provide additional freedom of movement for the first limb;

controlling the rotation of the first orthosis portion upper joint with an upper brake coupled to the first orthosis portion upper joint to further assist the muscle of the first limb in providing controlled movement of the first limb;

rotatably coupling a bracket to the upper link of the second orthosis portion by an upper rotatable joint to provide additional freedom of movement for the second limb; and

controlling the rotation of the second orthosis portion upper joint with an upper brake coupled to the second orthosis portion upper joint to further assist the muscle of the second limb in providing controlled movement of the second limb.

23. The method of claim 22 further comprising the step of controlling the upper brakes with the computer.

24. The method of claim 23 further comprising the step of sensing and providing the computer with the rotational position of the joints with sensors.

25. The method of claim 21 in which the orthosis is capable of being worn on legs of an animal.

26. The method of claim 25 in which the controlled movement of the first and second limbs is alternated to produce walking.

27. A controlled brake orthosis for providing controlled limb movement comprising:

a stimulator for stimulating a muscle of a limb to cause the limb to move;

an orthosis capable of being worn on the limb comprising a lower link rotatably coupled to an upper link by a lower rotatable joint;

a lower brake coupled to the lower joint for controlling the rotation of the lower joint to assist the muscle in providing controlled movement of the limb, the lower brake being a variable resistance brake;

a sensor associated with the lower joint for providing a signal indicative of the rotational position of the joint; and

a computer for controlling the stimulator and the brake, the computer responding to the sensor signal for controlling the level of resistance provided by the brake throughout the rotation of the lower joint such that the lower brake is capable of guiding the movement of the limb by regulating power applied to the lower joint throughout the rotation of the lower joint.

28. A method for providing controlled limb movement comprising the steps of:

stimulating a muscle of a limb with a stimulator to cause the limb to move;

supporting the limb with an orthosis, the orthosis capable of being worn on the limb and comprising a lower link rotatably coupled to an upper link by a lower rotatable joint;

providing a signal indicative of the rotational position of the lower joint with a sensor coupled to the lower joint;

controlling the rotation of the lower joint with a lower brake coupled to the lower joint to assist the muscle in providing controlled movement of the limb, the lower brake being a variable resistance brake, a computer responding to the sensor signal for computing a control algorithm for controlling the level of resistance provided by the brake throughout the rotation of the lower joint such that the lower brake guides the movement of the limb by regulating power applied to the lower joint throughout the rotation of the lower joint; and

controlling the stimulator with the computer.