Zero-voltage-transition switching power converters using magnetic feedback

• US 5,477,131 A
• Filed: 09/02/1993
• Issued: 12/19/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 09/02/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Gegner, Joel P.
• Primary Examiner(s): Sterrett, Jeffrey L.
• Application Number:
  US08/116,085
• Time in Patent Office: 838 Days
• Field of Search: 323/222, 323/249, 323/254, 323/259, 323/261, 323/263, 323/282, 323/290, 323/329, 323/339, 323/344, 323/345, 323/351
• US Class Current: 323/222
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/158 including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load

Abstract

A soft-switching circuit for achieving zero-voltage-transition (ZVT) type commutation in switching power converters includes a magnetic feedback circuit for achieving substantially zero voltage turn on of the active power switches and for achieving zero voltage turn off of the passive power switches of the switching power converter.

Claims

1. In a switching power converter comprising at least one active power switch and at least one passive power switch wherein said at least one active power switch turns off with substantially zero volts and said at least one passive power switch turns on with near zero voltage, a magnetic feedback circuit for achieving substantially zero voltage turn on of said at least one active power switch and for achieving substantially zero voltage turn off of said at least one passive power switch, said magnetic feedback circuit comprising:

i) a first inductor (L_fx) including first and second ends and a second inductor (L_fs) including first and second ends, said first inductor (L_fx) magnetically coupled to said second inductor (L_fs), said first end of said first inductor (L_fx) operatively connected to said switching power converter;

ii) a capacitor (C_x) operatively connected at one end to said second end of said first inductor (L_fx), and operatively connected at another end to said switching power converter;

iii) a voltage source (V_x) having first (1) and second (2) rails, said first rail (1) operatively connected to one end of said second inductor (L_fs);

iv) a third inductor (L_x) operatively connected at one end to another end of said second inductor (L_fs);

v) an active, uni-directional current switch (S_x) having first (a) and second (b) poles, said first pole (a) operatively connected to another end of said third inductor (L_x) and said second pole (b) operatively connected to said second rail (2);

wherein an increase in current through said uni-directional current switch necessitates a proportional decrease in current through said at least one passive power switch such that ##EQU8## where i_sx represents the current through said uni-directional current switch and i_sp represents the current through said at least one passive power switch;

and wherein current through said uni-directional current switch increases when said uni-directional current switch is on and said at least one passive power switch is on such that ##EQU9## when said passive power switch is on and wherein current through said uni-directional current switch decreases when said uni-directional current switch is on and said at least one active power switch is on such that ##EQU10## when said active power switch is on.

2. The magnetic feedback circuit of claim 1 wherein said third inductor (L_x) comprises coupling leakage inductance between said first inductor (L_fx) and said second inductor (L_fs).

3. The magnetic feedback circuit of claim 1 wherein said uni-directional current switch (S_x) comprises the series combination of a semi-conductor diode and a MOSFET.

4. The magnetic feedback circuit of claim 1 wherein said uni-directional current switch (S_x) comprises the series combination of a semi-conductor diode and an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT).

5. A switching power converter comprising at least one magnetic component having at least one winding, at least one active power switch and at least one passive power switch wherein said at least one active power switch turns off with substantially zero volts and said at least one passive power switch turns on with near zero voltage, said switching power converter further comprising at least one magnetic feedback circuit for achieving substantially zero voltage turn on of said at least one active power switch and for achieving substantially zero voltage turn off of said at least one passive power switch, said at least one magnetic feedback circuit comprising:

i) a voltage source (Vx) having first (1) and second (2) rails;

ii) a first inductor (N_x) magnetically coupled to said at least one magnetic component, said first inductor (N_x) operatively connected at one end to said first rail;

iii) a second inductor (L_x) operatively connected at one end to another end of said first inductor (N_x);

iv) an active, uni-directional current switch (S_x) having first (a) and second (b) poles, said first pole (a) operatively connected to another end of said second inductor (L_x) and said second pole (b) operatively connected to said second rail (2);

wherein an increase in current through said uni-directional current switch (S_x) necessitates a proportional decrease in current through said at least one passive power switch such that ##EQU11## where i_sx represents the current through said uni-directional current switch and i_sp represents the current through said at least one passive power switch;

and wherein current through said uni-directional current switch (S_x) increases when said uni-directional current switch (S_x) is on and said at least one passive power switch is on such that ##EQU12## when said passive power switch is on and wherein current through said uni-directional current switch decreases when said uni-directional current switch is on and said at least one active power switch is on such that ##EQU13## when said active power switch is on.

6. The switching power converter of claim 5 wherein said uni-directional current switch (S_x) comprises the series combination of a semi-conductor diode and a MOSFET.

7. The switching power converter of claim 5 wherein said uni-directional current switch (S_x) comprises the series combination of a semi-conductor diode and an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT).

8. The switching power converter of claim 5 wherein said active power switch comprises a MOSFET.

9. The switching power converter of claim 5 wherein said active power switch comprises an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT).

10. The switching power converter of claim 5 wherein said second inductor (L_x) comprises coupling leakage inductance between said magnetic component and said first inductor (N_x).

11. The switching power converter of claim 5 wherein said passive power switch comprises a semi-conductor diode.

12. The switching power converter of claim 5 wherein said passive power switch comprises a synchronous rectifier.

13. A switching power converter comprising at least one active power switch and at least one passive power switch wherein said at least one active power switch turns off with substantially zero volts and said at least one passive power switch turns on with near zero voltage, said switching power converter further comprising at least one magnetic feedback circuit for achieving substantially zero voltage turn on of said at least one active power switch and for achieving substantially zero voltage turn off of said at least one passive power switch, said at least one magnetic feedback circuit comprising:

i) a first inductor (L_fx) including first and second ends and a second inductor (L_fs) including first and second ends, said first inductor (L_fx) magnetically coupled to said second inductor (L_fs), said first end of said first inductor (L_fx) operatively connected to said switching power converter;

ii) a capacitor (C_x) operatively connected at one end to said second end of said first inductor (L_fx), and operatively connected at another end to said switching power converter;

iii) a voltage source (V_x) having first (1) and second (2) rails, said first rail (1) operatively connected to one end of said second inductor (L_fs);

iv) a third inductor (L_x) operatively connected at one end to another end of said second inductor (L_fs);

v) an active, uni-directional current switch (S_x) having first (a) and second (b) poles, said first pole (a) operatively connected to another end of said third inductor (L_x) and said second pole (b) operatively connected to said second rail (2);

wherein an increase in current through said uni-directional current switch necessitates a proportional decrease in current through said at least one passive power switch such that ##EQU14## where i_sx represents the current through said uni-directional current switch and i_sp represents the current through said at least one passive power switch;

and wherein current through said uni-directional current switch increases when said uni-directional current switch is on and said at least one passive power switch is on such that ##EQU15## when said passive power switch is on and wherein current through said uni-directional current switch decreases when said uni-directional current switch is on and said at least one active power switch is on such that ##EQU16## when said active power switch is on.

14. The switching power converter of claim 13 wherein said third inductor (L_x) comprises coupling leakage inductance between said first inductor (L_fx) and said second inductor (L_fs).

15. The switching power converter of claim 13 wherein said active power switch comprises a MOSFET.

16. The switching power converter of claim 13 wherein said active power switch comprises an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT).

17. The switching power converter of claim 13 wherein said passive power switch comprises a semiconductor diode.

18. The switching power converter of claim 13 wherein said passive power switch comprises a synchronous rectifier.

19. The switching power converter of claim 13 wherein said uni-directional current switch (S_x) comprises the series combination of a semi-conductor diode and a MOSFET.

20. The switching power converter of claim 13 wherein said uni-directional current switch (S_x) comprises the series combination of a semi-conductor diode and an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT).

21. In a switching power converter comprising at least one magnetic component having at least one winding, at least one active power switch and at least one passive power switch wherein said at least one active power switch turns off with substantially zero volts and said at least one passive power switch turns on with near zero voltage, a magnetic feedback circuit for achieving substantially zero voltage turn on of said at least one active power switch and for achieving substantially zero voltage turn off of said at least one passive power switch, comprising:

i) a voltage source (V_x) having first (1) and second (2) rails;

ii) a first inductor (N_x) magnetically coupled to said at least one magnetic component, said first inductor (N_x) operatively connected at one end to said first rail;

iii) a second inductor (L_x) operatively connected at one end to another end of said first inductor (N_x);

iv) an active, uni-directional current switch (S_x) having first (a) and second (b) poles, said first pole (a) operatively connected to another end of said second inductor (L_x) and said second pole (b) operatively connected to said second rail (2);

wherein an increase in current through said uni-directional current switch (S_x) necessitates a proportional decrease in current through said at least one passive power switch such that ##EQU17## where i_sx represents the current through said uni-directional current switch and i_sp represents the current through said at least one passive power switch;

and wherein current through said uni-directional current switch (S_x) increases when said uni-directional current switch (S_x) is on and said at least one passive power switch is on such that ##EQU18## when said passive power switch is on and wherein current through said uni-directional current switch decreases when said uni-directional current switch is on and said at least one active power switch is on such that ##EQU19## when said active power switch is on.

22. The magnetic feedback circuit of claim 21 wherein said uni-directional current switch (S_x) comprises the series combination of a semi-conductor diode and an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT).

23. The magnetic feedback circuit of claim 21 wherein said uni-directional current switch (S_x) comprises the series combination of a semi-conductor diode and a MOSFET.

24. The magnetic feedback circuit of claim 21 wherein said second inductor (L_x) comprises coupling leakage inductance between said magnetic component and said first inductor (N_x).