Method and apparatus for associating target replies with target signatures

• US 5,477,225 A
• Filed: 11/16/1993
• Issued: 12/19/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 11/16/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: L-3 Communications Avionics Systems Incorporated (L3Harris Technologies, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Bfgoodrich Flightsystems Incorporated
• Inventors: Huston, Robert S., Young, Eddie L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Sotomayor, John B.
• Application Number:
  US08/153,722
• Time in Patent Office: 763 Days
• Field of Search: 342/46, 342/32, 342/37, 342/40, 342/90, 342/189
• US Class Current: 342/46
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/726 Multiple target tracking
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/765 with exchange of information between interrogator and responder
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/91 for traffic control G01S13/93 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/933 of aircraft or spacecraft
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 10/255 Detecting or recognising potential candidate objects based on visual cues, e.g. shapes

Abstract

Apparatus for associating target reply signals with target signatures, wherein each reply signal is received from a target transponder within a selectable time period, and further wherein each target signature comprises a first set of parameter values that identify a target position and movement relative to an interrogating aircraft, the apparatus including reply processor means for producing a target report for each reply signal, the target report having a second set of parameter values; and report processing means for: 1) comparing each target report with each target signature to identify which report/signature pairs are potential matches, each comparison between a target report and a target signature being based on comparisons of corresponding parameter values to produce a probability of match for each parameter comparison; and 2) identifying which report/signature matches are best based on comparison of each report/signature potential match with each other potential report/signature potential match including comparison of the parameters'"'"' probabilities of match. An improved method for compensating inaccurate bearing data is also provided.

Claims

1. A method for associating target reply signals with target signatures, wherein each reply signal is received from a target transponder within a selectable time period, and further wherein each target signature comprises a first set of parameter values that identify a target position and movement relative to an interrogating aircraft, comprising the steps of:

a. producing a target report for each reply signal, each said target report comprising a second set of parameter values;

b. comparing each target report with each target signature to identify which report/signature pairs are potential matches, each comparison between a target report and a target signature being based on comparisons of corresponding parameter values;

c. assigning a probability of match (P_m) for each report/signature potential match based on probability of match for each of said compared parameters;

d. assigning a probability of correct correlation (P_cc) for each report/signature potential match based on a comparison of P_m values of all said potential matches; and

e. identifying ambiguous report/signature matches based on comparison of said P_cc values of all said potential matches and a best report/signature match from said identified ambiguous matches based on a comparison of said parameters'"'"' probabilities of match thereof.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said parameters may include bearing, altitude, and range.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein said step of identifying report/signature potential matches includes the step of comparing respective parameters when available to determine if respective parameters match within a specified gate.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein said gates are dynamically controlled.

5. The method of claim 3 wherein a potential match is available if the differential time of arrival (DTA) values of the report and signature are within a specified DTA gate.

6. The method of claim 3 wherein each P_m value is a sum of weighted probability of match for each parameter.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein each P_cc value is a joint probability of a match based on a comparison with all other potential matches.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein step (e) includes identifying said best match as a potential match that has a P_cc value that is a predetermined amount higher than all other P_cc values for the report/signature potential matches.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein a potential match that has a P_cc value at least 0.85 times the highest P_cc value can be selected as the best match based on predetermined criteria.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein a potential match having a P_cc within 0.85 of the highest P_cc can be a best match if selected parameters exhibit a better match overall.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein P_m is defined as follows:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">P.sub.m =DTAWGT*Pdta+ALTWGT*Palt+AOAWGT*Paoa+DAZWGT*Pdaz+IDWGT*Pident

where

Pdta=probability of match on DTA

Palt=probability of match on ALT

Paoa=probability of match on AOA

Pdaz=probability of match on DAZ

Pident=probability of match on IDENT

and DTAWGT, ALTWGT, ALTWGT, DAZWGT and IDWGT are relative weight values.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein P_cc is defined as follows:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">P.sub.cc r.t =[P.sub.m r,t ]/[TLsum.sub.t +RLsum.sub.r -P.sub.m r,t +ε

.sub.new ].

13. Apparatus for associating target reply signals with target signatures, wherein each reply signal is received from a target transponder within a selectable time period, and further wherein each target signature comprises a first set of parameter values that identify a target position and movement relative to an interrogating aircraft, comprising:

antenna means for receiving the reply signals and producing phase related signals corresponding to target bearing and video signals corresponding to range based on a differential time of arrival (DTA) value relative to said time period;

means for determining an altitude code associated with each reply signal; and

processing means for;

     1) producing, for each reply signal, a target report comprising a second set of parameters that includes at least a DTA value and may include altitude and bearing data when available from the reply signal;

     2) comparing each target report with each of the target signatures to identify which report/signature pairs are potential matches, each comparison between a target report and a target signature being based on comparisons of corresponding parameter values to provide a probability of match for each parameter comparison; and

     3) determining which target reports best match respective target signatures based on a comparison of each report/signature potential match with each other potential report/signature potential match including comparison of said parameters'"'"' probabilities of match.

14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein said processor means assigns a probability of match (P_m) for each target/signature potential match based on closeness of matching between said compared parameters.

15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said processor means assigns a probability of correct correlation (P_cc) for each target/signature potential match based on a comparison of P_m values of all said potential matches.

16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said processor means comprises memory means for storing a match table that corresponds each target report with each target signature and includes said P_cc value for each potential match.

17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein a potential match is identified as the best match if it has a P_cc value that is a predetermined amount higher than all the other P_cc values for the other potential matches in said table.

18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein a potential match that has a P_cc value at least 0.85 times the highest P_cc value is considered ambiguous and can be selected as the best match based on predetermined criteria.

19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein each said ambiguous potential match can be selected as a best match over a potential match having a higher P_cc value based on comparisons of respective probabilities of match for altitude and bearing parameters.

20. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein said antenna means comprises a directional antenna and a non-directional antenna;

said directional antenna producing signals from which target bearing can be derived.

21. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said target reports include active target reports received in response to an interrogation sent by the receiving aircraft, and passive target reports sent by the target aircraft in response to interrogations other than by the receiving aircraft.

22. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said processor means determines an altitude code for each reply signal having altitude data and, as part of the determination of potential matches, repairs said altitude code if said code has two or fewer garbled data bits.

23. A method for associating target reply signals with target signatures, wherein each reply signal is received from a target transponder within a selectable time period, and further wherein each target signature comprises a first set of parameter values that identify a target position and movement relative to an interrogating aircraft, comprising the steps of:

a. producing a target report for each reply signal, said target report comprising a second set of parameter values;

b. comparing each target report with each target signature to identify which report/signature pairs are potential matches, each comparison between a target report and a target signature being based on comparisons of corresponding parameter values to produce a probability of match for each parameter comparison; and

c. identifying ambiguous report/signature matches based on comparison of each report/signature potential match with each other potential report/signature potential match and a best report/signature match from said identified ambiguous matches based on a comparison of said parameters'"'"' probabilities of match thereof.

24. Apparatus for associating target reply signals with target signatures, wherein each reply signal is received from a target transponder within a selectable time period, and further wherein each target signature comprises a first set of parameter values that identify a target position and movement relative to an interrogating aircraft, comprising:

reply processor means for producing a target report for each reply signal, said target report comprising a second set of parameter values; and

report processing means for;

     1) comparing each target report with each target signature to identify which report/signature pairs are potential matches, each comparison between a target report and a target signature being based on comparisons of corresponding parameter values to produce corresponding probability of match for each parameter comparison; and

     2) identifying ambiguous report/signature matches based on comparison of each report/signature potential match with each other potential report/signature potential match and a best report/signature match from said identified ambiguous matches based on a comparison of said parameters'"'"' probabilities of match thereof.

25. A method for improving target track initiation comprising the steps of:

a. using a directional antenna to detect reply signals transmitted from a target during discrete time periods;

b. determining a target bearing value for each of said detected reply signals;

c. computing a bearing velocity (v.sub.θ

) based on bearing rate of change during said time periods; and

d. attenuating said bearing velocity in relation to range of the target.