Dry powder mixes comprising phase change materials

• US 5,477,917 A
• Filed: 09/29/1994
• Issued: 12/26/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 01/09/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: University of Dayton
• Original Assignee: University of Dayton
• Inventors: Salyer, Ival O.
• Primary Examiner(s): Rivell, John
• Assistant Examiner(s): ATKINSON, CHRISTOPHER MARK
• Application Number:
  US08/315,256
• Time in Patent Office: 453 Days
• Field of Search: 252/77, 252/73, 252/71, 165/104.26, 220/429
• US Class Current: 165/104.26
• CPC Class Codes: A47G 9/0215 with cooling or heating means electric blankets H05B3/34
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2007/0238 in a pocket A61F2007/023 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2007/0242 heated by microwaves
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2007/0268 having a plurality of compartments being filled with a heat carrier
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 7/02 Compresses or poultices for effecting heating or cooling
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 24/02 containing inorganic materials
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 26/0004 containing inorganic materials
• CPC Class Codes: C08K 3/36 Silica
• CPC Class Codes: C09K 5/063 Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
• CPC Class Codes: F16D 2065/781 involving phase change of material
• CPC Class Codes: F16D 65/78 Features relating to cooling
• CPC Class Codes: F16D 66/00 Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
• CPC Class Codes: F16D 69/02 Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: F28D 20/02 using latent heat
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 5/021 specially adapted for data recorders, e.g. for flight recorders
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 5/0213 Venting apertures; Constructional details thereof
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/14 Thermal energy storage
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/737 having a modified surface
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/775 Nanosized powder or flake, e.g. nanosized catalyst
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/788 Of specified organic or carbon-based composition
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/833 : Thermal property of nanomaterial, e.g. thermally conducting/insulating or exhibiting peltier or seebeck effect

Abstract

A free flowing, conformable powder-like mix of silica particles and a phase change material (PCM) is provided. The silica particles have a critical size of about 0.005 to about 0.025 microns and the PCM must be added to the silica in an amount of 75% or less PCM per combined weight of silica and PCM. The powder-like mix can be used in tableware items, medical wraps, tree wraps, garments, quilts and blankets, and particularly in applications for heat protection for heat sensitive items, such as aircraft flight recorders, and for preventing brake fade in automobiles, buses, trucks and aircraft.

Claims

1. An enclosure for thermally protecting a heat sensitive item from high temperatures, said enclosure comprising:

a housing including an inner cavity for containing said heat sensitive item;

an outer casing enclosing at least a portion of said housing, said outer casing and said portion of said housing defining a chamber therebetween; and

a mixture of a phase change material and finely divided silica particles disposed within said chamber adjacent to said portion of said housing providing significant thermal protection for said heat sensitive item said phase change material selected from the group consisting of polar organic compounds that undergo a liquid-to-gas transition with high heat of vaporization and condensation, combinations thereof, and combinations of water and polar organic compounds that undergo a liquid-to-gas transition with high heat of vaporization and condensation.

2. An enclosure as set forth in claim 1, wherein said phase change material is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, combinations of water and ethylene glycol, glycerol, glycerol-water, glycerol-glycol, glycerol-glycol-water, methanol, and dimethylformamide.

3. An enclosure as set forth in claim 1, wherein said phase change material is present in an amount from about 60% to about 70% by weight of said mixture.

4. An enclosure as set forth in claim 1, wherein said silica particles are present in an amount from about 30% to about 40% by weight of said mixture.

5. An enclosure as set forth in claim 1, wherein said phase change material is present in an amount of about 64% by weight of said mixture and said silica particles are present in an amount of about 36% by weight of said mixture.

6. An enclosure as set forth in claim 1, further comprising at least one blow-out vent located in said outer casing for opening at a predetermined chamber pressure level to provide a passage for said phase change material to exit said chamber.

7. An enclosure as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a layer of insulating material provided within said chamber.

8. An enclosure as set forth in claim 7, wherein said insulating material is located between the inner surface of said outer casing and said mixture.

9. An enclosure as set forth in claim 7, wherein said insulating material comprises glass wool.

10. An enclosure as set forth in claim 1, wherein said silica particles have a surface area of between about 120 m² /g and 170 m² /g.

11. An enclosure as set forth in claim 1, wherein said silica particles have particle sizes of about 0.019 to about 0.025 microns.

12. An enclosure as set forth in claim 1, wherein said housing is entirely enclosed within said outer casing.

13. An enclosure as set forth in claim 1, wherein said heat sensitive item is a memory device for storing data which is to be recovered from said memory device following exposure of said enclosure to high temperatures.

14. A method for thermally protecting heat sensitive item from high temperatures comprising the steps of:

providing a mixture of phase change material and finely divided silica particles said phase change material being selected from the group consisting of polar organic compounds that undergo a liquid-to-gas transition with high heat of vaporization and condensation, combinations thereof, and combinations of water and polar organic compounds that undergo a liquid-to-gas transition with high heat vaporization and condensation;

locating said mixture adjacent to said heat sensitive item to protect said heat sensitive item from high temperatures.

15. A method as set forth in claim 14, wherein said phase change material is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, combinations of water and ethylene glycol, glycerol, glycerol-water, glycerol-glycol, glycerol-glycol-water, methanol, and dimethylformamide.

16. A method as set forth in claim 14, wherein said phase change material is present in an amount from about 60% to about 70% by weight of said mixture.

17. A method as set forth in claim 14, wherein said step of locating said mixture adjacent to at least a portion of said heat sensitive item comprises the step of encapsulating said heat sensitive item in said mixture.

18. A method as set forth in claim 14, wherein said step of providing a mixture of phase change material and finely divided silica particles comprises the step of selecting a phase change material that vaporizes at a temperature below a temperature which might cause harm to said heat sensitive item.

19. A system for absorbing heat from a heat sensitive item comprising:

a housing positioned adjacent to said item and including an inner chamber; and

a mixture of a phase change material and finely divided silica particles disposed within said chamber for absorbing heat from said heat sensitive item said phase change material being selected from the group consisting of polar organic compounds that undergo a liquid-to-gas transition with high heat of vaporization and condensation, combinations thereof, and combinations of water and polar organic compounds that undergo a liquid-to-gas transition with high heat of vaporization and condensation.

20. A system as set forth in claim 19, wherein said heat sensitive item comprises a brake pad.