Method and apparatus for ozone generation and treatment of water

• US 5,478,533 A
• Filed: 08/17/1994
• Issued: 12/26/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 08/18/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Trojan Technologies Incorporated (Danaher Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Cleft Engineering Corporation
• Inventors: Inculet, Ion I.
• Primary Examiner(s): Walsh, Donald P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): JENKINS, DANIEL J
• Application Number:
  US08/291,949
• Time in Patent Office: 496 Days
• Field of Search: 204/176, 204/902, 422/186.07, 422/186.21, 422/186.12, 422/906, 422/907, 423/581
• US Class Current: 422/186.07
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 13/11 by electric discharge
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2201/12 Plate-type dischargers
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2201/22 Constructional details of the electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2201/24 Composition of the electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 1/4608 using electrical discharges
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 1/78 with ozone C02F1/4672 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 2201/782 Ozone generators
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 204/902 Production of desired compound by wave energy in presence of a chemically designated nonreactant chemical treating agent, excluding water, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride or benzene
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 422/906 Plasma or ion generation means
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 422/907 Corona or glow discharge means

Abstract

A water treatment apparatus is provided in which the ozone generation and the water treatment may take place simultaneously. The ozone is generated from a continuous supply of air and/or oxygen at the surface of a running water by means of a high voltage electrode placed in the air or in oxygen at some distance above the water surface. The strong electric field between the high voltage electrode and the surface of the electrically grounded water stream generates a multitude of small Taylor cones at the surface of the water. Each Taylor cone goes into corona and in the process it generates the ozone. As the ozone is generated at the water surface, a substantial amount of ozone is immediately dissolved in water and the ozone that diffuses in the air continues to be in contact with the water surface. The undissolved ozone may be percolated through the same water for an additional primary or secondary ozonation.

Claims

1. A method of generating ozone comprising the steps of:

applying an AC voltage between a pair of electrodes to generate an electric field of the same frequency as the applied voltage;

providing a body of liquid with a free surface disposed opposite one of said electrodes;

spacing said one electrode from said free surface so that the electric field forms a multitude of Taylor cones at the free surface; and

passing of gaseous stream containing oxygen between said one electrode and said free surface to oxidise said oxygen upon corona discharge from said cones.

2. A method according to claim 1 wherein said body of liquid is flowing past said one electrode.

3. A method according to claim 1 wherein said one electrode is electrically insulated from said free surface.

4. A method according to claim 2 including the step of dissolving said ozone in said liquid.

5. A method according to claim 4 including the step of collecting surplus ozone by locating a collection device in the path of flow of the liquid.

6. A method according to claim 5 wherein said surplus ozone is applied to said liquid stream.

7. A method to claim 1 wherein said liquid is water.

8. A method according to claim 1 wherein the voltage applied between said electrodes is in the range 1 kilovolt to 200 kilovolt.

9. A method according to claim 8 wherein said voltage is in the range 20 kV to 45 kV.

10. A method according to claim 8 wherein the frequency of the applied voltage is in the range of 0.01 to 5000 Hertz.

11. A method according to claim 10 wherein the frequency of the applied voltage is in the range of 50 Hz to 60 Hz.

12. A method according to claim 10 wherein said applied voltage varies generally sinusoidally.

13. A method according to claim 10 wherein said applied voltage varies as a square wave.

14. A method according to claim 4 including the step of promoting turbulence at said free surface to enhance the absorbtion of ozone in the liquid.

15. An ozone generator comprising a body of liquid having a free surface, pair of electrodes one of which is spaced from and overlying said free surface and an alternating high voltage potential connected between said electrodes to impress an alternating electric field at said free surface, said field generating Taylor cones at said free surface and corona currents from the tips thereof to convert oxygen between said free surface into ozone.

16. An ozone generator according to claim 15 wherein a dielectric insulator is interposed between said free surface and said one electrode.

17. An ozone generator according to claim 16 wherein said body of liquid is flowing past said electrode.

18. An ozone generator according to claim 16 including a blower to induce a gaseous flow past said electrode between said insulator and said free surface.

19. An ozone generator according to claim 18 wherein said gaseous flow is air.

20. An ozone generator according to claim 19 wherein said air flow is enriched with oxygen.

21. An ozone generator according to claim 19 wherein said air flow is at superatmospheric pressure.

22. An ozone generator according to claim 15 wherein means are provided for inducing turbulence at said free surface.

23. An ozone generator according to claim 22 wherein said means includes a vibrator connected to a channel carrying said body of liquid.

24. An ozone generator according to claim 16 said high voltage potential is in the range of 1 kV to 200 kV.

25. An ozone generator according to claim 16 wherein said high voltage potential is in the range of 20 kV to 45 kV.

26. An ozone generator according to claim 25 wherein said alternating voltage varies sinusoidally.

27. An ozone generator according to claim 26 wherein said voltage alternates at a frequency of between 0.01 Hz and 5000 Hz.

28. An ozone generator according to claim 25 wherein said alternating voltage varies with a frequency in the range of 50 Hz to 60 Hz.

29. An ozone generator according to claim 16 where said liquid is water.

30. An ozone generator according to claim 16 wherein said insulator has a thickness of between 0.25" and 0.5".

31. An ozone generator according to claim 30 wherein said insulator is spaced from said free surface to provide a gap in the range of 0.25" to 3.0".

32. An ozone generator according to claim 31 wherein said gap is in the range of 0.25" to 0.75".