Non-woven fluorescent retrorefletive fabric

• US 5,478,628 A
• Filed: 05/09/1994
• Issued: 12/26/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 05/18/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co (3M Company)
• Original Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co (3M Company)
• Inventors: Jansen, Claus, Billingsley, Britton G., Swanson, David P., Lightle, Vera L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lesmes, George F.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Shelborne, Kathryne E.
• Application Number:
  US08/240,075
• Time in Patent Office: 596 Days
• Field of Search: 428/171, 428/172, 428/283, 428/284, 428/402, 428/406, 428/407
• US Class Current: 428/171
• CPC Class Codes: A41D 13/01 with reflective or luminous safety means visible signalling arrangements G08B5/00
• CPC Class Codes: A41D 31/325 using layered materials
• CPC Class Codes: D06N 3/0056 characterised by the compounding ingredients of the macro-molecular coating D06N3/005 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: D06N 3/0065 Organic pigments, e.g. dyes, brighteners
• CPC Class Codes: D06P 1/0012 Effecting dyeing to obtain luminescent or phosphorescent dyeings
• CPC Class Codes: D06Q 1/00 Decorating textiles
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/128 transparent spheres being embedded in matrix
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 5/004 Reflective safety signalling devices attached on persons
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24603 Fiber containing component
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24612 Composite web or sheet
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/25 Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2929 Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 442/2598 Radiation reflective
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 442/2861 Coated or impregnated synthetic organic fiber fabric
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 442/641 Sheath-core multicomponent strand or fiber material

Abstract

A high visibility fabric having a non-woven web material with a fluorescent layer. The fluorescent pigment concentration in the fabric is greater proximate a designated fabric outer surface than at other outer surfaces of the fabric. The fabric is used for manufacturing safety vests, signage, and other articles requiring high visibility.

Claims

1. A high visibility fabric comprising:

a) a non-woven web comprising fusibly interbonded thermoplastic fibers; and

b) a fluorescent layer comprising fluorescent pigment in a cross-linked resin,

wherein the resin penetrates into and is bonded to the non-woven web so as to create a concentration of fluorescent pigment proximate a designated outer surface of the fabric, the fluorescent pigment concentration being greater proximate the designated outer surface than at other surfaces of the fabric, and the resin having portions surrounding the fusibly interbonded thermoplastic fibers and reinforcing the bonds therebetween.

2. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the non-woven web is selected from the group consisting of carded web, air laid web, hydroentangled web, spun bonded web, melt blown web, and wet laid web material.

3. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the cross-linked resin is selected from the group consisting of urethane resin, acrylic resin, polyester resin, silicone resin, fluoropolymer resin, and polyamide resin.

4. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the fabric has a total areal density of between 20 grams per square meter and 200 grams per square meter.

5. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the fabric has a total areal density of between 50 grams per square meter and 70 grams per square meter.

6. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the fabric comprises a fluorescent pigment concentration of less than 10 grams per square meter.

7. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the fabric comprises a fluorescent pigment concentration of between 2 grams per square meter and 5 grams per square meter.

8. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the designated outer surface of the non-woven web material has an original spectral reflected radiance of greater than about 100%, and preferably between 170% and 190%, measured at a range of between 400 and 700 nanometers using D-65 illuminant and 0°

/45°

geometry.

9. The fabric of claim 1, further comprising a partial layer of retroreflective material selectively applied to areas of the non-woven web at the designated outer surface, the partial layer comprising close packed retroreflective elements in a resin cross-linkable to the resin of the fluorescent layer.

10. The fabric of claim 9, wherein the non-woven web and retroreflective materials have a combined total areal density of between 100 grams per square meter and 300 grams per square meter.

11. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the concentration of fluorescent pigment proximate the designated outer surface comprises greater than 50% of the total amount of fluorescent pigment in the non-woven web.

12. The fabric of claim 9, wherein the retroreflective material has a brightness value of greater than 65 candelas per square meter per lux.

13. The fabric of claim 9, wherein the retroreflective material has a brightness value of greater than 250 candelas per square meter per lux.

14. The fabric of claim 9, wherein the retroreflective material comprises material selected from the list including exposed glass beads, cube corners, resin beads, and resin hemispheres.

15. The fabric of claim 9, wherein the retroreflective material comprises material selected from the list including enclosed glass beads, cube corners, resin beads, and resin hemispheres.

16. The fabric of claim 9, wherein the designated outer surface of the non-woven web has an original spectral reflected radiance of greater than about 100%, and preferably between 170% and 190%, measured at a range of between 400 and 700 nanometers using D-65 illuminant and 0°

/45°

geometry.

17. The fabric of claims 8 or 16, wherein the fabric remains physically intact and retains greater than 50% of the original value of spectral reflected radiance following up to about ten domestic laundering wash and dry cycles.

18. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the non-woven web comprises a blend of first and second fibers, the first fibers having a high melting temperature and the second fibers comprising core material having a high melting temperature enclosed in a sheath material having a low melting temperature.

19. The fabric of claim 9, wherein the non-woven web is arranged in a substantially continuous roll and the retroreflective material is arranged in at least one continuous strip applied to the web so that parallel sides of the strip extend along the length of the roll.

20. The fabric of claim 9, wherein the non-woven web is arranged in a substantially continuous roll and the retroreflective material is arranged in a continuous strip applied to the web so that sides of the strip are oriented diagonally to the length of the roll.

21. The fabric of claim 9, wherein the non-woven web is arranged in a substantially continuous roll and the retroreflective material is applied to the web as a distinctive logo pattern.

22. The fabric of claim 1, further comprising a flame retardant material.