Multispectral signature extraction technique

• US 5,479,255 A
• Filed: 12/17/1992
• Issued: 12/26/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 12/17/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Original Assignee: TRW Limited (Zeppelin - Stiftung der Stadt Friedrichshafen)
• Inventors: Denny, Joseph M., Upton, Eric L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Gregory, Bernarr E.
• Application Number:
  US07/991,770
• Time in Patent Office: 1,104 Days
• Field of Search: 342/25, 342/52-55, 342/63, 342/64, 342/66, 342/159, 342/189, 342/190-193, 342/195, 244/3.16, 244/3.17, 244/3.19, 364/713, 364/516, 382/1, 382/17, 356/51, 356/319, 356/320, 356/419, 250/203.1, 250/203.6, 250/206.1, 250/332, 250/334, 250/338.1, 250/339, 250/342
• US Class Current: 356/319
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/28 Investigating the spectrum using colour filters G01J3/51
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/781 Details

Abstract

A method and apparatus for separating or extracting a desired multispectral optical signal of interest from a background. Radiation is detected from a scene which includes the multispectral optical signal of interest and the background. A multiplicity of wavelength bands are selected from the detected radiation to generate a multispectral input spectrum. The multispectral input spectrum is processed to separate the multispectral optical signal of interest from the background.

Claims

1. A method of extracting a desired multispectral optical signal of interest from a background comprising the steps of:

a) detecting multispectral optical radiation from a scene which includes the signal of interest and the background;

b) selecting a multiplicity of wavelength bands from the detected radiation to generate a multispectral input spectrum; and

c) processing the selected bands of the input spectrum to decompose the input spectrum into separate multispectral signals representing the background and the signal of interest if present within the input spectrum.

2. The method of claim 1 which further comprises:

generating a multispectral template from known information about the signal of interests;

generating a second multispectral template from known information about the background; and

using the multispectral templates to determine the degree of correlation of multispectral signals in the templates and in the input spectrum.

3. The method of claim 2 which further comprises:

correlating corresponding bands of the spectral template for the signal of interest and the input spectrum to generate a correlation signal representative of the degree of correlation therebetween;

using the correlation signal to generate a weighted multispectral signal;

similarly generating a weighted multispectral signal for the background;

summing the weighted multispectral signals to generate a feedback spectrum;

subtracting the feedback spectrum from the input spectrum on a substantially simultaneous band-by-band basis to generate a residue spectrum; and

using the correlation signal to determine whether the multispectral signal of interest was present in the input spectrum.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the input spectrum contains wavelengths of between about 2.0 and 5.5 microns.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein the input spectrum is derived from an optical sensor mounted to a satellite and providing an image of the earth'"'"'s surface and a target of interest.

6. The method set forth in claim 2 which further comprises:

generating a third multispectral template from known information about a second signal of interest; and

simultaneously processing the multispectral input spectrum with the third multispectral template to separate the second signal of interest from the background.

7. The method of claim 6 which further comprises:

correlating corresponding bands of the second spectral template and the input spectrum to generate a second correlation signal representative of the degree of correlation therebetween;

using the second correlation signal to generate a weighted multispectral signal; and

summing the second weighted multispectral signal with the other weighted multispectral signals to generate said feedback spectrum.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein step c) is performed by an infinite impulse response processor.

9. The method set forth in claim 8 wherein said processor includes an input, a first channel having a known spectral template of the background, a second channel having a known spectral template of the target, and a feedback path connecting said first and second channels to said input, wherein said multispectral electro-optical input spectrum is provided to said input, and wherein the processing step b) includes:

1) applying said input spectrum to said first channel for operating on said background;

2) applying said input spectrum to said second channel for operating on a known signature of the target; and

3) summing said operated background and target signals in a manner to approximate said multispectral electro-optical input spectrum.

10. The method set forth in claim 9 wherein step 1) includes the steps of correlating said spectral template of the background with the input spectrum and generating a weighted background spectral signal output, and wherein step 2) includes the step of correlating said spectral template of said target with the input spectrum, and generating a weighted target spectral signal output.

11. The method set forth in claim 10 and further comprising the steps of summing said weighted background and target spectral signals, and applying said summed weighted templates through said feedback path to said input.

12. The method set forth in claim 11 wherein the background correlating steps include the steps of multiplying corresponding bands of said spectral template of the background and said input spectrum to provide a multiplied background signal, summing the products of said multiplied background signal together and integrating the sum to provide a first correlation integral output and applying said first correlation integral output to a second spectral template of the background;

and

wherein the target correlating steps include the steps of multiplying corresponding bands of said spectral template of said target with said input spectrum to provide a multiplied target signal, summing the products of said multiplied target signal together to provide a second correlation integral output, and applying said second correlation integral output to a second spectral template of said target.

13. The method of claim 1 which further comprises:

generating weighting coefficients α

1, α

2 . . . α

N, respectively, for a plurality of spectral templates of signals of interest and background, F₁, F₂ . . . F_N by solving the following equations;

Expressing in matrix notation the formula;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">Ma=b (8)

where M is an N by N matrix with row i, column j element ##EQU7## and a and b are the N-dimensional vectors ##EQU8##

14. Apparatus for extracting a desired multispectral optical signal of interest from a background, said apparatus comprising:

detecting means for detecting multispectral optical radiation, in the 0.2-30 micron wavelength range, from a scene which includes the signal of interest and the background;

means for selecting a plurality of wavelength bands from the detected radiation to generate a multispectral input spectrum; and

processing means for processing the multispectral input spectrum to separate the signal of interest from the background.

15. The apparatus of claim 14 which further comprises:

first storage means for storing a multispectral template from known information about the signal of interest;

second storage means for storing a second multispectral template from known information about the background;

means for correlating the first spectral template for the signal of interest with the input spectrum to generate a correlation signal representative of the degree of correlation therebetween;

means for correlating the second spectral template for the background with the input spectrum to generate a second correlation signal representative of the degree of correlation therebetween; and

using at least the first correlation signal to provide an indication that the signal of interest is present within the input spectrum.

16. An apparatus for separating a multispectral optical target from a background comprising:

an input for receiving a multispectral input spectrum containing both target and background information;

a first channel means, coupled to the input, for separating said background from the multispectral input spectrum;

a second channel means, coupled to the input, for separating said target from the multispectral input spectrum;

said first and second channel means operating on the multispectral input spectrum to respectively generate outputs which are functions of the degree of correlation between the presence of background and target multispectral signatures in the spectrum; and

a feedback path interconnecting outputs of said first and second channels to said input.

17. The apparatus as set forth in claim 16 which further comprises means for combining outputs of the first and second channels, and said feedback path recursively applying the combined channel outputs to the input spectrum to generate a residue spectrum.

18. The apparatus as set forth in claim 17 wherein said first channel includes a spectral template of said background, first means responsive to said spectral template of said background and the input spectrum to generate a first correlation signal and means responsive to said first correlation signal for providing a weighted background output to said feedback path;

and

wherein said second channel includes a spectral template of said target, second means responsive to said spectral template of said target and the input spectrum to generate a second correlation target signal and means responsive to said second correlation target signal for providing a weighted target output to said feedback path.

19. The apparatus as set forth in claim 18 and further comprising means for summing said weighted target output and said weighted background output and applying the sum to said feedback path.

20. The apparatus as set forth in claim 19 which further comprises means for using the second correlation target signal to determine whether the target is present in the input spectrum.

21. The apparatus as set forth in claim 20 wherein a plurality of targets are to be extracted and wherein the apparatus further includes a like plurality of second channels, each operating on one of the plurality of targets.

22. The apparatus as set forth in claim 16 wherein the multispectral input spectrum has a plurality of wavelength bands, each band being in the about 2.0 to 5.5 micron range.

23. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the spectral templates for the background and the target contain the same number of bands as in the input spectrum, and wherein the first and second channels operate simultaneously on the bands of the input spectrum.