Irrigation control and management system

• US 5,479,339 A
• Filed: 09/02/1994
• Issued: 12/26/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 09/02/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: California Sensor Corp.
• Original Assignee: Ralph W. Miller
• Inventors: Miller, Ralph W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Envall, Jr., Roy N.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Garland, Steven R.
• Application Number:
  US08/300,362
• Time in Patent Office: 480 Days
• Field of Search: 364/140, 364/141, 364/143-146, 364/156, 364/420, 364/510, 239/69, 239/70, 137/624.11-624.16, 137/624.18-624.2
• US Class Current: 700/16
• CPC Class Codes: A01G 25/167 Control by humidity of the soil itself or of devices simulating soil or of the atmosphere; Soil humidity sensors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 40/10 in agriculture

Abstract

A system and method for providing cooperative control of irrigation between a groundskeeper having immediate supervision on plants to be irrigated and management personnel remotely located by using weather data and water budget restrictions. The system implements a method that involves responding to a signal from an atmometer that a predetermined "threshold" amount of water has been lost to evapotranspiration at or near an irrigation station. A daily total of these threshold signals are stored in a weather table for use in automatically determining a quantity of water that has been lost to evapotranspiration at the station since the most recent irrigation. The determined quantity is automatically combined with an evapotranspiration factor in order to determine how much water to replace. Alternatively, current data received from a remote site may used by the machine executed means to override the weather data table. An automatic check is performed to determine if the amount scheduled for application will exceed a predetermined budget based on historical weather data. If the budget is to be exceeded, an alert is sent via an attached display to an operator. The operator may use a keypad to instruct control logic to perform corrective action. If no corrective action is taken, then a "budget noncompliance" report is recorded in permanent storage for review by management personnel.

Claims

1. A method of providing cooperative control of irrigation between an operator having direct supervision of at least one irrigation station and management located remote to said at least one irrigation station, said controlled irrigation to occur at said at least one irrigation station having at least one head in relation to soil and plant material to be irrigated, wherein said irrigation is controlled by a control processor coupled to memory means, said control processor also being coupled to operator communication means, said control processor being located proximate to said at least one irrigation station, and said control processor capable of communicating with weather determining means and further capable of communicating with remote management communication means, said method comprising the steps of:

creating a historical weather data accumulation in said memory means that is based on historical weather data elements stored in said memory means;

loading a budget value representing a predetermined budget for a predetermined period in said memory means;

accepting an operator communicated irrigation-related value through said operator communication means;

determining at said control processor a projected water usage for said predetermined period based on said operator communicated irrigation-related value combined with said historical weather data accumulation; and

determining at said control processor if said projected water usage will exceed said predetermined budget, whereby results of the determination of whether said projected water usage operator will exceed said predetermined budget is available through said operator communication means to the operator for consideration when directing water allocation to said plant material and said results are also available to the remote management through said remote management communication means so that the remote management may monitor and supervise any operator directed water allocation, thereby providing cooperative control of irrigation between an operator having direct supervision of at least one irrigation station and management located remote to said at least one irrigation station.

2. The method of claim 1, and further comprising the following steps:

creating a current weather data accumulation in said memory means that is based on current weather data elements communicated to said control processor, wherein said current weather data accumulation is a copy of said historical weather data accumulation but with at least one weather data element of said current weather data elements replacing at least one historical weather data element of said historical weather data elements;

determining a reference weather data amount at said at least one irrigation station selectively based on said historical weather data accumulation or said current weather data accumulation; and

determining at said control processor a quantity of water to apply at said at least one irrigation station based on said reference weather data amount.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein said weather determining means uses evapotranspiration sensing means.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein said reference weather data amount is a reference evapotranspiration amount.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein said step of creating said current weather data accumulation comprises the following steps:

responding to a signal from said evapotranspiration sensing means, said signal indicating that a preselected amount of water has been measured as lost to evapotranspiration at said evapotranspiration sensing means;

converting said signal from said evapotranspiration sensing means into said current weather data element; and

storing said current weather data element in said current weather data accumulation in said memory means.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein said step of converting said signal into said weather data element comprises the steps of:

incrementing a value representing a total amount of water evaporated in a predetermined time period if a preselected time criteria has not been satisfied; and

storing said value as said current weather data element in said current weather data accumulation if said preselected time criteria has been satisfied.

7. The method of claim 4, wherein said step of determining a quantity of water to apply at said at least one irrigation station comprises the steps of:

storing in said memory means a predetermined percentage evapotranspiration (%ET₀) factor based on plant material to be irrigated and an expected efficiency of said irrigation head; and

determining a quantity of water to apply from said irrigation head based on said %ET₀ factor combined with said determined reference evapotranspiration amount at said at least one irrigation station.

8. The method of claim 7, and further comprising the step of sending a signal to said operator communication means to indicate whether said quantity of water to apply is within said predetermined budget.

9. The method of claim 8, and further comprising the step of storing a record in said memory means to indicate to management located remote to said at least one irrigation station whether or not the operator has performed a corrective action if said projected water usage is not within said budget.

10. The method of claim 4, and further comprising the step of determining a total amount of run time of said irrigation head based on said quantity of water to apply at said at least one irrigation station combined with a predetermined application rate of said irrigation head.

11. The method of claim 10, and further comprising the steps of dividing said rim time into smaller intervals, and applying said determined quantity of water to apply in corresponding smaller quantities over said smaller time intervals such that said water is allowed to soak into said plant material between applications of said smaller quantities of said water.

12. The method of claim 3, wherein said evapotranspiration sensing means uses an atmometer.

13. The method of claim 2, wherein said current weather data elements are collected by remote data collection means.

14. The method of claim 1, and further comprising the step of sending a signal to said operator communication means to indicate whether said projected water usage is within said predetermined budget.

15. The method of claim 14, and further comprising the step of storing a record in said memory means to indicate to said management located remote to said at least one irrigation station whether or not the operator has performed a corrective action if said projected water usage is not within said budget.

16. An irrigation management and control system for providing cooperative control of irrigation between an operator having direct supervision of at least one irrigation station and management located remote to said at least one irrigation station, said controlled irrigation to occur at said at least one irrigation station having at a control valve and at least one irrigation head in relation to plant material growing in a predetermined area of soil, said system comprising:

a control processor coupled with memory means and further coupled with said control valve, said control processor being located proximate to said at least one irrigation station, and control processor capable of communicating with weather determining means;

operator communication means coupled to said control processor;

remote management communication means adapted to communicate with said control processor;

machine executed means coupled for issuing commands to said control valve for executing an operator request to apply an amount of water at said at least one irrigation station from said at least one irrigation head; and

the machine executed means including means for allowing an operator to determine the distribution of an allocated water budget by;

creating a historical weather data accumulation in said memory means that is based on historical weather data elements stored in said memory means;

loading a budget value representing a predetermined budget for a predetermined period in said memory means;

accepting an operator communicated irrigation-related value through said operator communication means;

determining at said control processor a projected water usage for said predetermined period based on said operator communicated irrigation-related value combined with said historical weather dam accumulation; and

determining at said control processor if said projected water usage will exceed said predetermined budget, whereby results of the determination of whether said projected water usage operator will exceed said predetermined budget is available through said operator communication means to the operator for consideration when directing water allocation to said plant material, and said results are also available to the remote management through said remote management communication means so that the remote management max monitor and supervise any operator directed water allocation, thereby providing cooperative control of irrigation between an operator having direct supervision of at least one irrigation station and management located remote to said at least one irrigation station.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein said machine executed means further comprises:

means for creating a current weather data accumulation in said memory means that is based on current weather data elements communicated to said control processor, wherein said current weather data accumulation is a copy of said historical weather data accumulation but with at least one weather data element of said current weather data elements replacing at least one historical weather data element of said historical weather data elements;

means for determining a reference weather amount at said at least one irrigation station selectively based on said historical weather accumulation or said current weather table; and

means for determining a quantity of water to apply at said at least one irrigation station based on said reference weather amount.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein said current weather data elements are collected at evapotranspiration sensing means in communication with said control processor.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein said reference weather data amount is a reference evapotranspiration amount.

20. The system of claim 19, wherein said machine executed means further comprises means for creating said current weather data accumulation comprising:

means for responding to a signal from said evapotranspiration sensing means, said signal indicating that a preselected amount of water has been measured as lost to evapotranspiration at said evapotranspiration sensing means;

means for converting said signal from said evapotranspiration sensing means into said current weather data element; and

means for storing said current weather data element in said current weather data accumulation in said memory means.

21. The system of claim 20, wherein said means for converting said signal into said weather data element further comprises:

means for incrementing a value representing a total amount of water evaporated in a predetermined time period if a preselected time criteria has not been satisfied; and

means for storing said value as said current weather data element in said current weather data accumulation if said preselected time criteria has been satisfied.

22. The system of claim 19, wherein said means for determining a quantity of water to apply at said at least one irrigation station further comprises:

means for storing in said memory means a predetermined percentage evapotranspiration (%ET₀) factor based on plant material to be irrigated and an expected efficiency of said irrigation head; and

means for determining a quantity of water to apply from said irrigation head based on said % ET₀ factor combined with said determined reference evapotranspiration amount at said at least one irrigation station.

23. The system of claim 22, wherein said machine executed means further comprises means for sending a signal to said operator communication means to indicate whether said projected water usage is within said predetermined budget.

24. The system of claim 23, wherein said machine executed means further comprises means for storing a record in said memory means to indicate to management located remote to said at least one irrigation station whether or not the operator has performed a corrective action if said projected water usage is not within said budget.

25. The system of claim 19, wherein said machine executed means further comprises means for determining a total amount of run time of said irrigation head based on said quantity of water to apply at said at least one irrigation station combined with a predetermined application rate of said irrigation head.

26. The system of claim 25, wherein said machine executed means further comprises means for dividing said run time into smaller intervals, and means for applying said determined quantity of water to apply in corresponding smaller quantities over said smaller time intervals such that said water is allowed to soak into said plant material between applications of said smaller quantities of said water.

27. The system of claim 18, wherein said evapotranspiration sensing means uses an atmometer.

28. The system of claim 17, wherein said current weather data elements are collected by remote data collection means.

29. The system of claim 16, wherein said machine executed means further comprises means for sending a signal to said operator communication means to indicate whether said projected water usage is within said predetermined budget.

30. The system of claim 29, wherein said machine executed means further comprises means for storing a record in said memory means to indicate to said management located remote to said at least one irrigation station whether or not the operator has performed a corrective action if said projected water usage is not within said budget.

31. A control apparatus for providing cooperative control of irrigation between an operator proving direct supervision of at least one irrigation station and management located remote to said at least one irrigation station, said controlled irrigation to occur at said at least one irrigation station having plant material growing in a predetermined area of soil at said at least one irrigation station, said at least one irrigation station having at least one irrigation head and a control valve, said apparatus comprising:

a control processor coupled with memory means and being located proximate to said at least one irrigation station, said control processor capable of communicating with weather determining means;

operator communication means coupled with said control processor;

remote management communication means adapted to communicate with said control processor;

means coupled with said control processor for creating a historical weather table in said memory means that is based on historical weather data elements stored in said memory means;

means coupled with said control processor for loading a budget value representing a predetermined budget for a predetermined period in said memory means;

means coupled with said control processor for accepting an operator communicated irrigation-related value through said operator communication means;

means coupled with said control processor for determining at said control processor a projected water usage for said predetermined period based on said operator communicated irrigation-related value combined with said historical weather data table; and

means coupled with said control processor for determining at said control processor if said projected water usage will exceed said predetermined budget, whereby results of the determination of whether said projected water usage operator will exceed said predetermined budget is available through said operator communication means to the operator for consideration when directing water allocation to said plant material and said results are also available to the remote management through said remote management communication means so that the remote management may monitor and supervise any operator directed water allocation, thereby providing cooperative control of irrigation between an operator having direct supervision of at least one irrigation station and management located remote to said at least one irrigation station.

32. The apparatus of claim 31, and further comprising:

means coupled with said control processor for creating a current weather data table in said memory means that is based on current weather data elements communicated to said control processor, wherein said current weather data accumulation is a copy of said historical weather data table but with at least one weather data element of said current weather data elements replacing at least one historical weather data element of said historical weather data elements;

means coupled with said control processor for determining a reference weather data amount at said at least one irrigation station selectively based on said historical weather table or said current weather table; and

means for determining a quantity of water to apply at said at least one irrigation station based on said reference weather data amount.

33. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein said weather determining means uses evapotranspiration sensing means in communication with said control processor.

34. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein said reference weather data amount is a reference evapotranspiration amount.

35. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein said means coupled with said control processor further comprises means for creating said current weather data accumulation comprising:

means for responding to a signal from said evapotranspiration sensing means, said signal indicating that a preselected amount of water has been measured as lost to evapotranspiration at said evapotranspiration sensing means;

means for converting said signal from said evapotranspiration sensing means into said current weather data element; and

means for storing said current weather data element in said current weather data accumulation in said memory means.

36. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein said means for converting said signal into said weather data element further comprises:

means for incrementing a value representing a total amount of water evaporated in a predetermined time period if a preselected time criteria has not been satisfied; and

means for storing said value as said current weather data element in said current weather data accumulation if said preselected time criteria has been satisfied.

37. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein said means coupled with said control processor for determining a quantity of water to apply at said at least one irrigation station further comprises:

means for storing in said memory means a predetermined percentage evapotranspiration (%ET₀) factor based on plant material to be irrigated and an expected efficiency of said irrigation head; and

means for determining a quantity of water to apply from said irrigation head based on said % ET₀ factor combined with said determined reference evapotranspiration amount at said at least one irrigation station.

38. The apparatus of claim 37, and further comprising means coupled with said control processor for sending a signal to said operator communication means to indicate whether said projected water usage is within said predetermined budget.

39. The apparatus of claim 38, and further comprising means coupled with said control processor for storing a record in said memory means to indicate to management located remote to said at least one irrigation station whether or not the operator has performed a corrective action if said projected water usage is not within said budget.

40. The apparatus of claim 34, and further comprising means coupled with said control processor for determining a total amount of run time of said irrigation head based on said quantity of water to apply at said at least one irrigation station combined with a predetermined application rate of said irrigation head.

41. The apparatus of claim 40, and further comprising means coupled with said control processor for dividing said run time into smaller intervals and for applying said determined quantity of water to apply in corresponding smaller quantities over said smaller time intervals such that said water is allowed to soak into said plant material between applications of said smaller quantities of said water.

42. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein said weather determining means is an atmometer.

43. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein said current weather data elements are collected by remote data collection means.

44. The apparatus of claim 31, and further comprising means for sending a signal to said operator communication means to indicate whether said projected water usage is within said predetermined budget.

45. The apparatus of claim 44, and further comprising means coupled with said control processor for storing a record in said memory means to indicate to said management located remote to said at least one irrigation station whether or not the operator has performed a corrective action if said projected water usage is not within said budget.