Bismuth based electrodes for electrochemical cells

• US 5,480,744 A
• Filed: 04/04/1994
• Issued: 01/02/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 04/04/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Bai, Lijun
• Primary Examiner(s): Maples, John S.
• Application Number:
  US08/222,776
• Time in Patent Office: 638 Days
• Field of Search: 252/182.1, 429/218, 429/221, 429/223, 429/217
• US Class Current: 429/223
• CPC Class Codes: H01B 1/02 mainly consisting of metals or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/05 Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte H01M10/39 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/24 Alkaline accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 12/08 composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 12/085 Zinc-halogen cells or batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/027 Negative electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0005 Acid electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0011 Sulfuric acid-based
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0014 Alkaline electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0025 Organic electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/36 Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/38 of elements or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/48 of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/5815 Sulfides
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/582 Halogenides
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/16 with organic electrolyte H01M6/18 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

An electrochemical, bismuth containing charge storage material and electrochemical cells (10) having an electrode (20) comprising the material. The charge storage material has the composition: Bi_x X_y M_z where Bi is bismuth, M and X are modifiers and x, y, and z represent the relative proportion of each component.

Claims

1. An electrochemical cell comprising:

an anode consisting of an electrochemical charge storage material having a mixed composition of;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">Bi.sub.x X.sub.y M.sub.z

where

X is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorus, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, carbon, and combinations thereof;

M is a modifier selected from the group consisting of C, Ni, Fe, Mn, Mg, Co, Cu, graphite, teflon, and combinations thereof;

x is in the range of 1 to 4;

y is in the range of 0 to 7;

z is in the range of 0 to 5 and

y+z is at least 1;

a cathode; and

an electrolyte.

2. An electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein said cell is a battery.

3. An electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein said cell is an electrochemical capacitor device.

4. An electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein said modifier is C, x is 1, y is 0 and z is 1.

5. An electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein said modifier is C, X is oxygen, x is 2, y is 3, and z is 1.

6. An electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein said modifier is Ni, x is 1, y is 0, and z is 1.

7. An electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein X is O, M is C, x is 2, y is 3, and z is 1.