Prismatic variable reflectance mirrors

• US 5,481,395 A
• Filed: 12/28/1993
• Issued: 01/02/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 03/31/1986
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Gentex Corporation
• Original Assignee: Gentex Corporation
• Inventors: Byker, Harlan J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Epps, Georgia Y.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Robbins, Thomas
• Application Number:
  US08/174,209
• Time in Patent Office: 735 Days
• Field of Search: 359/606, 359/603, 359/607, 359/608, 359/253, 359/267, 359/272, 359/275, 359/276
• US Class Current: 359/272
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 1/088 using a cell of electrically changeable optical characteristic, e.g. liquid-crystal or electrochromic mirrors
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 498/04 Ortho-condensed systems
• CPC Class Codes: C09K 9/02 Organic tenebrescent materials
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 13/40 using modulation of a light beam otherwise than by mechanical displacement, e.g. by Kerr effect visual indication of correct tuning H03J3/14
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/1503 caused by oxidation-reduction reactions in organic liquid solutions, e.g. viologen solutions
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/1533 structural features not otherwise provided for
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/157 Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. reflectors or illuminating devices
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2001/1502 complementary cell
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2001/15145 the electrochromic layer comprises a mixture of anodic and cathodic compounds

Abstract

Prismatic variable reflectance mirrors are provided. In the mirrors of the invention, transmittance of reflected light is varied by thermochromic, electrochromic, photochromic or electro-optic means and the reduction in transmittance, which is required to eliminate perceptible reflection of an object to the eyes of an observer, is reduced by disposing the plane of the highly reflective surface of the mirror at an angle with respect to the plane of the surface through which light from the object enters the mirror.

Claims

1. A variable reflectance mirror which comprises a device of reversibly variable transmittance, a planar front surface, and a planar reflecting means,

(A) said device comprising

(i) a medium of transmittance which is reversibly varied by electro-optic means, and

(ii) two planar, parallel, spaced-apart surfaces, between which the medium of reversibly variable transmittance is held and through which light passes prior to and after reflecting from said reflecting means;

with

(B) the angle between the plane of said front surface and the plane of said reflecting means being 1°

to 5°

.

2. A mirror according to claim 1 wherein

(A) the reflecting means is the highly reflective surface of a prism-shaped mirror which

(i) is laminated through a transparent laminating material to one of said planar, parallel, spaced-apart surfaces of the device of reversibly variable transmittance, the angle between the plane of the one of said surfaces to which the prism-shaped mirror is laminated and the highly reflective surface of the prism-shaped mirror being 1°

to 5°

, or

(ii) provides the solid material layer portion of a wall of the device of reversibly variable transmittance, said wall being parallel to the planar front surface of the variable reflectance mirror;

or

(B) the reflecting means is a highly reflective material coated on one of said planar, parallel, spaced-apart surfaces of the device of reversibly variably transmittance and the front surface is a surface of a transparent prism-shaped object which

(i) is laminated through a transparent laminating material to the planar, parallel, spaced-apart surface of the device of reversibly variable transmittance which is not coated with highly reflective material, or

(ii) provides the solid material layer portion of a wall of the device of reversibly variable transmittance, said wall being parallel to the plane of the reflecting means of the variable reflectance mirror.

3. A mirror according to claim 2 wherein the transmittance of the medium of reversibly variable transmittance is varied by liquid crystal, dipolar suspension, electrophoretic or electrochromic means.

4. The mirror according to claim 3 wherein the device of reversibly variable transmittance is a single-compartment, self-erasing, solution-phase electrochromic device wherein transmittance is reduced upon electrochemical oxidation of at least one anodic electrochromic compound and simultaneous electrochemical reduction of at least one cathodic electrochromic compound and wherein self-erasing occurs, upon elimination or reduction of the potential between the electrodes of the device, by reaction of reduced cathodic electrochromic compounds with oxidized anodic electrochromic compounds.

5. The mirror according to claim 4 wherein the reflecting means is a highly reflective material coated on the side, opposite that facing the solution, of a wall of the .device of reversible variable transmittance.

6. The mirror according to claim 5 wherein the highly reflective material of the reflecting means is a silver coating and wherein the transparent prism-shaped object is glass laminated to the device of reversibly variable transmittance.

7. The mirror according to claim 4 wherein the reflecting means is the highly reflective surface of a prism-shaped mirror and the prism-shaped mirror is laminated to the device of reversibly variable transmittance.