Physical vapor deposition employing ion extraction from a plasma
First Claim
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1. A sputter magnetron comprising:
- a. high intensity plasma inducing means, said high intensity plasma inducing means including,i) a sputter cathode, said sputter cathode being a particle confining container having walls and one open side to permit extraction of ions from said container, said walls having an inner surface being of a selected target material, said sputter cathode including means to apply a voltage to said sputter cathode;
ii) means to provide and maintain electrons in said particle confining container;
iii) magnetic field generating means for providing a null magnetic field value at a region adjacent to said open side of said sputter cathode container and for providing magnetic field lines which loop through said sputter cathode walls thereby providing forces, in operation, for retaining said electrons adjacent to at least a portion of said sputter cathode walls; and
b. ion extraction means, wherein said null magnetic field value region comprises a portion of said extraction means, said ion extraction means cooperating, in operation, with ions near said null value region to induce those said ions to exit said cathode container and to follow a path determined by said ion extraction means.
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Abstract
A sputter magnetron ion source for producing an intense plasma in a cathode container which ionizes a high and substantial percentage of the sputter cathode material and means for extracting the ions of the cathode material in a beam. The ion extraction means is implemented by a magnetic field cusp configuration with a null region adjacent to the open end of the cathode container. Ions so produced are able to be directed at right angles to a substrate being coated for efficient via filling.
309 Citations
29 Claims
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1. A sputter magnetron comprising:
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a. high intensity plasma inducing means, said high intensity plasma inducing means including, i) a sputter cathode, said sputter cathode being a particle confining container having walls and one open side to permit extraction of ions from said container, said walls having an inner surface being of a selected target material, said sputter cathode including means to apply a voltage to said sputter cathode; ii) means to provide and maintain electrons in said particle confining container; iii) magnetic field generating means for providing a null magnetic field value at a region adjacent to said open side of said sputter cathode container and for providing magnetic field lines which loop through said sputter cathode walls thereby providing forces, in operation, for retaining said electrons adjacent to at least a portion of said sputter cathode walls; and b. ion extraction means, wherein said null magnetic field value region comprises a portion of said extraction means, said ion extraction means cooperating, in operation, with ions near said null value region to induce those said ions to exit said cathode container and to follow a path determined by said ion extraction means. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21)
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22. In apparatus for directing ions of a target material to a workpiece, comprising;
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means for generating a high intensity plasma on the order of 1013 particles/cc containing a percentage of ions of said target material greater than 2.0 percent; means for causing said plasma to contact said workpiece, whereby ions of the target material to be deposited present in said plasma are directed to said workpiece at an angle which is generally normal to the surface of said workpiece; magnetic field producing means; said means for generating a high intensity plasma comprises magnetron sputter source means, including a target cathode comprising said material to be deposited on said workpiece, said target cathode comprising a plasma confining container having opposed plasma confining walls and one open side, opposed plasma confining walls being separated by a small distance W on the order of one inch and wherein said magnetic field producing means provides magnetic flux lines which are primarily parallel to said opposed confining walls and wherein said magnetic field producing means further provides a magnetic null region near said one open side. - View Dependent Claims (23, 24, 25, 26)
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27. An apparatus for depositing a thin film on a planar substrate in a vacuum chamber comprising:
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high intensity magnetron sputter source means including a target cathode made from a material to be deposited for producing a plasma comprising greater than 10 percent of ions sputtered from said target cathode; magnetic field producing means for creating a magnetic field between said cathode and said substrate, said magnetic field having a magnetic null region; whereby said target cathode has a generally planar face and a groove portion having opposing walls from which material to be deposited is sputtered, wherein the plasma density is greatest within said groove portion and wherein said opposing walls of said groove portion are separated by a distance on the order of one inch; and wherein sputtered atoms of said target cathode being directed toward said planar substrate have least ten (10) percent, of ionized atoms sputtered from said target cathode. - View Dependent Claims (28, 29)
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Specification