Transient event detector for use in nonintrusive load monitoring systems

• US 5,483,153 A
• Filed: 03/24/1994
• Issued: 01/09/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 03/24/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Electric Power Research Institute Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Leeb, Steven B., Kirtley, James L. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wieder, Kenneth A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Tobin, Christopher M.
• Application Number:
  US08/217,488
• Time in Patent Office: 656 Days
• Field of Search: 364/464.04, 364/483, 364/492, 364/550, 364/551.01, 324/102, 324/512, 324/522, 324/525, 324/537, 324/555, 324/76.12, 324/76.13, 324/76.34, 340/635, 340/657, 340/660, 340/664
• US Class Current: 324/76.12
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 19/25 using digital measurement techniques
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 21/133 by using digital technique
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 21/1331 Measuring real or reactive component, measuring apparent energy

Abstract

The present invention provides a transient event detector for use in a nonintrusive electrical load monitoring system at a monitored site having at least one electrical load. The transient event detector includes a data acquisition portion for acquiring and storing start-up power transient pattern data associated with each electrical load being monitored; a monitor for continuously monitoring total power load pattern data at the site; and a processor for correlating the transient pattern data to the total power load pattern data in order to identify each electrical load.

Claims

1. A transient event detector for use in a nonintrusive electrical load monitoring system at a monitored site having at least one electrical load, said detector comprising:

data acquisition means for acquiring and storing start-up power transient pattern data associated with each electrical load being monitored, said power transient data corresponding to approximate envelopes of harmonic content of observed current or voltage waveforms produced by said at least one electrical load;

monitoring means for continuously monitoring total power load pattern data at said site, said total power load pattern data corresponding to an aggregation of said envelopes of harmonic content; and

processing means for corresponding time varying sections of said transient pattern data to time varying sections of said total power load pattern data in order to identify each electrical load.

2. The detector of claim 1, wherein said transient pattern data comprises predetermined time segments having significant variations in power.

3. The detector of claim 1, wherein said data acquisition means comprises means for deriving said transient pattern data from the instantaneous voltage and current utilized at said site.

4. The detector of claim 3, wherein said transient pattern data corresponds to real power.

5. The detector of claim 3, wherein said transient pattern data corresponds to reactive power.

6. The detector of claim 3, wherein said transient pattern data corresponds to frequency harmonics associated with said instantaneous current.

7. The detector of claim 1, wherein said data acquisition means comprises means for distinguishing between types of electrical loads.

8. The detector of claim 7, wherein said data acquisition means further comprises means for scaling said transient pattern data to correspond to power variations within a distinguished type of electrical load.

9. The detector of claim 8, wherein said power variations are due to fluctuations in power supplied to said site.

10. The detector of claim 8, wherein said power variations are due to differing amplitude and duration power requirements of distinct loads within a distinguished type of electrical load.

11. The detector of claim 1, wherein said processing means comprises means for determining the occurrence of a match of said transient pattern data with a time segmented pattern of said total power load pattern data.

12. The detector of claim 11, wherein said determining means is operable for performing a hierarchical pattern search such that the transient pattern data with the greatest number of time varying sections of envelopes of harmonic content having significant variations in amplitude are initially searched.

13. The detector of claim 11 further comprising event indication means for providing an indication of the start-up of each identified electrical load in response to said determining means determining the occurrence of a pattern match.

14. The detector of claim 13, wherein said event indication means further provides an indication of the time and type of electrical load identified.

29. The detector of claim 8, wherein said scaling means scales said transient pattern data in amplitude and duration.

31. The detector of claim 1, wherein said data acquisition means further comprises means for mixing said observed current or voltage waveforms with a predetermined set of waveforms in order to demodulate said envelopes of harmonic content.

32. The detector of claim 31, wherein said data acquisition means further comprises a low-pass filter to extract variations in amplitude of each demodulated envelope of harmonic content.

15. A method of transient event detection in a nonintrusive electrical load monitoring system at a monitored site having at least one electrical load, said method comprising the steps of:

acquiring and storing operational start-up power transient pattern data associated with each electrical load being monitored, said power transient data corresponding to approximate envelopes of harmonic content of observed current or voltage waveforms produced by said at least one electrical load;

monitoring total power load pattern data at said site, said total power load pattern data corresponding to an aggregation of said envelopes of harmonic content;

correlating time varying sections of said transient pattern data to time varying sections of said total power load pattern data; and

identifying each electrical load which is being operated at said site.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein said transient pattern data comprises predetermined time segments having significant variations in power.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein said data acquisition means comprises means for deriving said transient pattern data from the instantaneous voltage and current utilized at said site.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein said transient pattern data corresponds to real power.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein said transient pattern data further corresponds to reactive power.

20. The method of claim 15, wherein said transient pattern data corresponds to frequency harmonics associated with said instantaneous current.

21. The method of claim 15, wherein said data acquisition step further comprises the step of distinguishing between types of electrical loads.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein said data acquisition step further comprises the step of scaling said transient pattern data to correspond to power variations within a distinguished type of electrical load.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein said power variations are due to fluctuations in power supplied to said site.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein said power variations are due to differing amplitude and duration power requirements of distinct loads within a distinguished type of electrical load.

25. The method of claim 15, wherein said correlating step further comprises the step of determining the occurrence of a match of said transient pattern data with a time segmented pattern of said total power load pattern data.

26. The method of claim 25 further comprising the step of performing a hierarchical pattern search such that the transient pattern data with the greatest number of time varying sections of envelopes of harmonic content having significant variations in amplitude are initially searched.

27. The method of claim 25 further comprising the step of providing an indication of the start-up of each identified electrical load in response to determining the occurrence of a pattern match.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein said indication step further comprises the step of providing an indication of the time and type of electrical load identified.

30. The method of claim 22, wherein said step of scaling comprises scaling said transient pattern data in amplitude and duration.

33. The method of claim 15, wherein said step of acquiring and storing further comprises the step of mixing said observed current or voltage waveforms with a predetermined set of waveforms in order to demodulate said envelopes of harmonic content.

34. The detector of claim 33, wherein said step of acquiring and storing further comprises the step of low-pass filtering to extract variations in amplitude of each demodulated envelope of harmonic content.