Conductive composite particles and processes for the preparation thereof

• US 5,484,681 A
• Filed: 10/31/1994
• Issued: 01/16/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 10/31/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Mahabadi, Hadi K., Smith, Thomas W., Creatura, John A., Cunningham, Michael F.
• Primary Examiner(s): MARTIN, ROLAND E
• Application Number:
  US08/331,469
• Time in Patent Office: 442 Days
• Field of Search: 430/108, 430/137
• US Class Current: 430/137.13
• CPC Class Codes: G03G 9/1133 obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• CPC Class Codes: G03G 9/1137 being crosslinked

Abstract

A process for the preparation of conductive submicron polymeric particles which comprises mixing at least one monomer with a polymerization initiator, a crosslinking component, and a chain transfer component; adding thereto an AB type block copolymer; effecting bulk polymerization until from about 10 to about 50 weight percent of the monomer has been polymerized; terminating polymerization by cooling the partially polymerized monomer; adding thereto from about 1 to about 50 weight percent of a conductive filler, or conductive fillers, followed by mixing thereof; dispersing the aforementioned mixture of conductive filler or fillers, and partially polymerized product in water containing a stabilizing component to obtain a suspension of particles with an average diameter of from about 0.05 to about 1 micron in water; polymerizing the resulting suspension by heating; and subsequently optionally washing and drying the product.

Claims

1. A process for the preparation of carrier particles which carrier particles consist of a core and a coating thereover, and wherein said coating is prepared by mixing at least one monomer with a polymerization initiator, a crosslinking component, and a chain transfer component;

adding thereto an AB type block copolymer;

effecting bulk polymerization until from about 10 to about 50 weight percent of the monomer has been polymerized;

terminating polymerization by cooling the partially polymerized monomer;

adding thereto from about 1 to about 50 weight percent of a conductive filler, or conductive fillers, followed by mixing thereof;

dispersing the aforementioned mixture of conductive filler or fillers, and partially polymerized product in water containing a stabilizing component to obtain a suspension of particles with an average diameter of from about 0.05 to about 1 micron in water;

polymerizing the resulting suspension by heating;

subsequently optionally washing and drying the polymer product; and

subsequently mixing and heating said core and said polymer product wherein said polymer product forms a coating on said core, and wherein said polymer possesses an average particle diameter in the range of about 0.05 to about 1 micron.

2. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the A block of AB type block copolymer component is selected from the group consisting of α

-methyl-styrene, p-chlorostyrene;

vinyl ketones;

vinyl naphthalene;

unsaturated mono-olefins;

vinylidene halides;

fluorinated vinyl compounds, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, monobutyl maleate, dibutyl maleate;

vinyl chloride, vinyl benzoate;

vinylidene chloride;

pentafluoro styrene and allyl pentafluorobenzene; and

the monomer forming the B block of the AB type block copolymer component is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, ethylene oxide, N-vinyl pyrrolidinone, maleic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 3-vinyloxypropane-1-sulfonic acid, 2-methacryloyoxy ethanesulfonate, 3-methyacryloyoxy-2-hydroxypropanesulfonate, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propanesulfonate, 3-sulfo-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, vinylphosphonic acid, 4-vinylphenol, N-vinylsuccinimidic acid;

diallyldimethylammonium chloride, diallyldiethylammonium chloride, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, methacryloyoxyethyl trimethylammonium sulfate methacryloyoxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride, and 3-(methacrylamido)propyltrimethylammonium chloride.

3. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the AB type block copolymer is a copolymer of polystyrene-b-polyacrylic acid.

4. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the AB copolymer is a copolymer of polystyrene-b-polyoxyethylene or polystyrene-b-polymethyl methacrylate.

5. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said AB block copolymer possesses a number average molecular weight of from about 5,000 to about 50,000, and a weight average molecular weight of from about 10,000 to about 2,000,000, and the conductivity of said polymer coating is from about 10^-10 (ohm-cm)^-1 to about 10^-4 (ohm-cm)^-1.