Interlocking frame system for lithium-polymer battery construction

• US 5,487,958 A
• Filed: 12/06/1993
• Issued: 01/30/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 12/06/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Valence Technology Incorporated (Lithium Werks B.V.)
• Original Assignee: Valence Technology Incorporated (Lithium Werks B.V.)
• Inventors: Tura, Drew
• Primary Examiner(s): Willis, Jr., Prince
• Assistant Examiner(s): NUZZOLILLO, MARIA
• Application Number:
  US08/163,203
• Time in Patent Office: 785 Days
• Field of Search: 429/96, 429/97, 429/130, 429/151, 429/152, 429/157, 429/158, 429/159, 429/160, 429/163, 29/623.1
• US Class Current: 429/151
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0413 Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/181 with polymeric electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49108 Electric battery cell making

Abstract

Frames for batteries which are constructed of planar battery cells prevent the planar battery cells from shifting while the batteries are vacuum sealed. These frames do not add to the thickness of the batteries but have the advantage of increasing the rigidity of the battery, reducing the shifting of the battery cells during assembly, and preventing vulnerable edges which result in non-uniformities and low energy density. The interlocking frame design allows cells to be stacked onto a battery with relatively tight alignment, high volumetric efficiency and improved safety.

Claims

1. A battery comprising:

a stack of planar battery cells; and

a plurality of interlocking frames, said plurality of interlocking frames adapted to restrict the planar battery cells from slipping with respect to each other;

the interlocking frames including a first frame with a ledge in a first plane, the first frame including an upwards projection and a downwards projection out of the ledge;

the interlocking frames including a second frame with a ledge in a second plane, said second plane being parallel to the first plane, said second frame including an upwards projection and a downwards projection out of the ledge, wherein some of the cells in said stack of cells are located between the ledges of the first and second frames and wherein one of the projections from the first frame is located behind one of the projections of the second frame such that the movement of the first and second frames within the planes of the ledges is restricted, and wherein the thickness of said some of the cells between the ledges is such that the one of the projections from the first frame does not contact the ledge of the second frame and the one of the projections of the second frame does not contact the ledge of the first frame.

2. The battery of claim 1, wherein a plurality of said planar battery cells in said stack are located between each adjacent frame of said interlocking frames.

3. The battery of claim 1, wherein the frames are rectangular and the upward and downward projections are located on four sides of the first and second frames.

4. The battery of claim 1, wherein the upward portion of the first frame is located between the battery section and the downward portion of the first frame so as to restrict the horizontal movement of the some of the cells.

5. The battery of claim 4, wherein the interlocking frames include a third frame with a ledge in a third plane, said third plane being parallel to the first plane, said third frame including a downwards projection out of the ledge, wherein other cells in said stack of cells are located between the ledges of the first and third frames and wherein the downward projection of the third frame is located behind the upward projection of the first frame such that the movement of the first and third frames within the planes of the ledges is restricted.

6. The battery of claim 1, wherein the downward projection of the first frame is located behind the upward projection of the second frame.

7. The battery of claim 1, wherein the upward projection of the first frame is located behind the downward projection of the second frame.

8. The battery of claim 1, wherein the cells are lithium/polymer laminar bi-cells.

9. The battery of claim 1, wherein the battery cells are connected to anode and cathode terminals and wherein the first and second frames and the battery section except for portions of the terminals are surrounded in a vacuum sealed battery cover.

10. The battery of claim 1, wherein said first and second frames are rectangular in shape and wherein said battery cells are connected to anode and cathode tabs and wherein the downward projection of the first frame and the upward projection of the second frame extend around the rectangular frames and form spaces through which the tabs extend through the frames.

11. A method of forming a battery comprising the steps of:

placing a stack of at least one planar battery cell on a frame, the first frame including a horizontal ledge, and an upwards projection and a downwards projection out of the ledge;

placing a second frame with a horizontal ledge and an upwards projection and downwards projection out of the ledge onto the stack so as to interlock with the first frame and restrict the horizontal shifting of the stack, one of the projections from each of the first and second frame being positioned to prevent the relative horizontal movement of the first and second frames, the placing steps being such that the stack of at least one planar battery cell contacts the ledges of the first and second frames and said one of the projections from the first frame does not contact the ledge of the second frame and the one of the projections of the second frame does not contact the ledge of the first frame; and

vacuum sealing the stack of at least one battery cell and first and second frame.

12. The method of claim 11 further comprising, before said vacuum sealing step, the steps of placing another stack of at least one battery cell on the stack of the first frame and placing a third frame to interlock with the first frame and to restrict the horizontal shifting of the second stack.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the stack of planar battery cells include anode and cathode tabs, said first and second frame form spaces for the tabs and wherein said second frame placing step is done such that the tabs are placed through the spaces in the frames.