Apparatus and method for providing AC isolation while supplying DC power

• US 5,491,402 A
• Filed: 07/20/1993
• Issued: 02/13/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 07/20/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Echelon Corporation (Renesas Electronics Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Echelon Corporation (Renesas Electronics Corporation)
• Inventors: Small, Kenneth T.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): BERHANE, ADOLF D
• Application Number:
  US08/094,459
• Time in Patent Office: 938 Days
• Field of Search: 323/282, 370/94.1, 380/9, 380/21, 333/116, 333/204, 179/2 EB, 307/125, 363/78, 363/79, 363/80, 340/310.8, 361/84, 327/594
• US Class Current: 323/282
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/5425 improving S/N by matching impedance, noise reduction, gain control
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/547 via DC power distribution
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/5483 using coupling circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/5491 using filtering and bypassing
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/5495 having measurements and testing channel
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 3/56 Circuits for coupling, blocking, or by-passing of signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/10 Current supply arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/2803 Home automation networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/2838 Distribution of signals within a home automation network, e.g. involving splitting/multiplexing signals to/from different paths adaptations of television systems for transmission by electric cable for domestic distribution H04N7/106; hybrid transport H04L12/6418; home network arrangements specially adapted for distribution of digital video signals H04N7/24
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2012/2843 Mains power line

Abstract

A source power coupler for coupling a power source to a first transmission line and a second transmission line. DC power from the power source is conducted by the source power coupler to the first and the second transmission lines while AC signals on the first and the second transmission lines are isolated from the power source by the source power coupler. The source power coupler is comprised of an operational amplifier having a non-inverting input and an inverting input. The gate of a transistor is coupled to an output of the operational amplifier. The transistor'"'"'s drain is coupled to one of the transmission lines. And the transistor'"'"'s source is coupled to the inverting input of the op-amp. Thereby, a control loop is formed, which provides an AC impedance between the power source and one of the transmission lines. A resistor is coupled between the source of the transistor and the power source, and a capacitor is coupled between the non-inverting input of the op-amp and the power source. Another resistor is coupled between the non-inverting input of the op-amp one of the transmission lines. The capacitor and the second resistor provide a second control loop. This control loop provides a constant direct current voltage across the transistor.

Claims

1. In a communications network having a plurality of processors coupled by a first transmission line and a second transmission line, a method for interfacing a power source to said first transmission line and said second transmission line, wherein direct current power from said power source is conducted by said source power coupler to said first and said second transmission lines while alternating current on said first and said second transmission lines is isolated from said power source by said source power coupler, said method comprising the steps of:

implementing an operational amplifier having a non-inverting input and an inverting input;

coupling a transistor to an output of said operational amplifier;

regulating an alternating current impedance between said power source and said one of said transmission lines;

maintaining an approximately constant direct current voltage across said transistor by coupling a capacitor between said non-inverting input of said operational amplifier and said power source and coupling a first resistor between said non-inverting input of said operational amplifier and said one of said transmission lines.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of generating an offset voltage associated with either said non-inverting or said inverting input of said operational amplifier for setting a quiescent direct current voltage across said transistor.

3. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of providing a constant startup current.

4. The method of claim 3 further comprising the step of limiting a duty cycle of a constant start-up current.

5. The method of claim 4 further comprising the step of limiting a current to a foldback curve shape.

6. The method of claim 5 further comprising the step of generating a delay to allow said power source to attain full output voltage during power-up.

7. The method of claim 6 further comprising the step of safeguarding said source power coupler when one of said transmission lines is short circuited to ground.

8. The method of claim 7 further comprising the step of reactivating a power startup sequence if an input voltage falls substantially below a normal input voltage level.

9. The method of claim 8 further comprising the step of synchronizing power startup sequences associated with a plurality of source power couplers.

10. A source power coupler for coupling a power source to a first transmission line and a second transmission line, wherein direct current power from said power source in conducted by said source power coupler to said first and said second transmission lines while alternating current on said first and said second transmission lines is isolated from said power source by said source power coupler, said source power coupler comprising:

a first operational amplifier having a non-inverting input and an inverting input;

a transistor coupled to an output of said first operational amplifier, and a source coupled to said inverting input of said first operational amplifier, for providing a first control loop that establishes an alternating current impedance between said power source and said one of said transmission lines;

a capacitor coupled between said non-inverting input of said operational amplifier and said power source;

a resistor coupled between said non-inverting input of said first operational amplifier and said one of said transmission lines, wherein said capacitor and said resistor provide a second control loop for maintaining an approximately constant direct current voltage across said transistor;

a means for producing an offset voltage associated with either said non-inverting or said inverting input of said first operational amplifier for setting up quiescent direct current voltage across said transistor;

a second operational amplifier having a non-inverting input and an inverting input;

a second transistor having a gate coupled to an output of said second operational amplifier, a drain coupled to the other of said first and said second transmission lines, and a source coupled to said inverting input of said second operational amplifier, wherein a third control loop provides an alternating current impedance between said power source and said one of said transmission lines;

a second resistor coupled between said non-inverting input of said first operational amplifier and said power source;

a third resistor coupled between said source of said second transistor and said power source;

a second capacitor coupled between said non-inverting input of said second operational amplifier and said power source; and

a fourth resistor coupled between said non-inverting input of said second operational amplifier and said one of said transmission lines, wherein said second capacitor and said fourth resistor provide a fourth control loop for maintaining an approximately constant direct current voltage across said second transistor.

11. The source power coupler of claim 10 further comprising:

a means for generating a delay to allow said power source to attain full output voltage during power-up;

a current limit means for safeguarding said source power coupler when one of said transmission lines is short circuited to ground;

a means for reactivating a power startup sequence if an input voltage falls substantially below a normal input voltage level;

a synchronization means for synchronizing power startup sequences associated with a plurality of source power couplers.

12. The source power coupler of claim 11, wherein said first transistor and said second transistor are field effect transistors.

13. The source power coupler of claim 11, wherein said first transistor and said second transistor are bipolar transistors.