Method and apparatus for automatic initialization of pluggable option cards

• US 5,491,804 A
• Filed: 01/04/1991
• Issued: 02/13/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 03/13/1987
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Heath, Chester A., Valli, Ronald E., Langgood, John K.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kulik, Paul V.
• Application Number:
  US07/637,411
• Time in Patent Office: 1,866 Days
• Field of Search: 395/275, 395/325, 395/500, 395/575, 395/700, 395/725, 395/800, 371/7, 371/11.1, 371/11.2, 371/11.3, 371/66, 340/825.06, 340/825.07, 340/825.52
• US Class Current: 710/7
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/184 Mounting of motherboards
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/185 Mounting of expansion boards
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/186 Securing of expansion boards in correspondence to slots provided at the computer enclosure
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/2289 by configuration test
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 15/177 Initialisation or configuration control processor initialisation G06F9/4405
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/4411 Configuring for operating with peripheral devices; Loading of device drivers

Abstract

A data processing system includes a planar board having a central processing unit (CPU), a main memory unit, and input/output (I/O) sockets or slots, each adapted to receive a selected one of a plurality of different and/or similar option cards. Each card contains (or is connected to) and controls a respective peripheral device; and each card is pre-wired with an ID value corresponding to its card type. Software programmable option registers on each card store parameters such as designated default (or alternate) address information, priority levels, and other system resource parameters. A setup routine, during initial power-on, retrieves and stores the appropriate parameters in the I/O cards and also in slot positions in main memory, one position being assigned to each slot on the board. Each slot position is adapted to hold the parameters associated with the card inserted in its respective slot and the card ID value. That portion of main memory containing the slot positions is adapted to maintain the parameter and ID information by means of battery power when system power fails or is disconnected, i.e., a nonvolatile memory portion. Subsequent power-on routines are simplified by merely transferring parameters from the table to the card option registers if the status of all the slots has not not changed since the last power-down, system reset, or channel reset.

Claims

1. A method for operating a computer system to facilitate user transparent establishment of variable system parameters, including addressing for a first configuration of adapter cards attached to said system, wherein each card in said first configuration is of a predetermined card type and has a predefined unique card type ID value associated therewith, and further wherein said system includes a plurality of sockets into which each card in said set of adapter cards may be interchangeable plugged, nonvolatile memory means, coupled to said plurality of sockets, for storing in locations thereof, ID values and parameter information signals pertaining to each of said plurality of sockets and any card plugged into a given socket when the system is powered down, and software-adjustable parameter storage means on each card, coupled to said nonvolatile memory means, utilized in the process of automatically configuring said system on power up to support said first configuration of adapter cards, comprising the steps of:

(a) individually addressing each of said sockets;

(b) determining if a socket is vacant;

(c) terminating further operations relative to any socket determined to be vacant;

(d) conditioning each card attached to a socket to transmit its predefined card type ID value;

(e) determining if said first configuration has changed since the system was last powered down by comparing the transmitted ID value returned by each card attached to any one of said plurality of sockets with the ID value stored in the corresponding memory location in nonvolatile memory for each socket; and

(f) transferring, so long as said first configuration has not changed, the parameter information signals stored in said nonvolatile memory means pertaining to each socket and attached card, to the aforesaid parameter storage means on each card to thereby automatically configure said system.

2. A method as set forth in claim 1 further comprising the step of developing parameter information signals associated with a second configuration of peripheral devices attached to said system whenever said first configuration has changed.

3. A method as set forth in claim 1 further comprising the step of assigning a standard I/O default address at one priority level to a first card and an alternate I/O address signal at a different priority level to a second card, whenever said first and second cards are both connected to said plurality of sockets, are both to be activated and both have the same card ID type.

4. A method as set forth in claim 3 further comprising the step of ascertaining whether each card properly responds to its respective I/O address and priority level.

5. A method for initializing and configuring a computer system having a set of peripheral devices attached thereto via a set of adapter cards, wherein each card in said set of adapter cards has a unique card type ID value associated therewith and means for transmitting said ID value located thereon, said computer system including a plurality of sockets into which each card in said set of adapter cards may be interchangeably plugged, nonvolatile memory means, coupled to said plurality of sockets, for storing said card ID values, together with parameter information signals pertaining to said plurality of sockets and any cards plugged therein, in predefined portions of said nonvolatile memory means, where each of said predefined portions is associated with a particular one of said plurality of sockets and software-adjustable parameter storage means, located on each card and coupled to said nonvolatile memory means via said plurality of sockets, used for configuring said system to support said set of peripheral devices, comprising the steps of:

(a) disabling all sockets;

(b) scanning the I/O address space to determine if a non-compatible feature card is attached to said system;

(c) sequentially enabling all sockets so long as no non-compatible feature cards are attached to the system;

(d) sequentially obtaining card ID values, transmitted by said means for transmitting located on each card, for the set of cards plugged into said plurality of sockets;

(e) comparing each ID value obtained with a set of ID values known to the system and, for each ID value known to the system, creating parameter information signals for the card that transmitted the known ID value;

(f) signalling the system user whenever a transmitted card ID value is not known to the system

(g) receiving user input parameter information signals pertaining to any card having an ID value unknown to the system;

(h) creating a configuration table from the card ID values obtained and parameter information signals created by the system, together with any parameter information signals received from the user, via steps (d), (e) and (g), and storing said configuration table on a diskette;

(i) storing the parameter information signals and ID values located in said configuration table into said predefined portions of said nonvolatile memory means so that the configuration information for the card attached to a particular socket is stored in the portion of nonvolatile memory associated with said socket; and

(j) transferring the parameter information signals stored in said nonvolatile memory means pertaining to each socket and attached card, to the said parameter storage means on each card to thereby initialize and configure said system.

6. A computer system that facilitates user transparent establishment of system resource parameters, including parameters associated with addressing a first configuration of peripheral devices attached to said system via a set of adapter cards which support the operation of said devices, comprising:

(a) a plurality of sockets into which each card in said set of adapter cards may be interchangeably plugged;

(b) nonvolatile memory means having memory locations therein, coupled to said plurality of sockets, for storing parameter information signals pertaining to each of said plurality of sockets in a corresponding memory and any card plugged into a given socket whenever the system is powered down; and

(c) software-adjustable parameter storage means, coupled to said nonvolatile memory means, for automatically configuring said system on power up to support said first configuration of peripheral devices.

7. A computer system as set forth in claim 6 wherein each socket in said plurality of sockets is addressable by a physical location socket address signal during system setup.

8. A computer system as set forth in claim 7 wherein any card plugged into a given one of said plurality of sockets is addressable, during normal system operation, by an I/O address signal having a distinctly different value from the socket address signal for said given one of said plurality of sockets.

9. A computer system as set forth in claim 6 wherein said parameter information signals stored in said nonvolatile memory means are used to set said adjustable parameter storage means so long as no change in system peripheral device configuration has occurred since the system was powered down.

10. A computer system as set forth in claim 9 wherein each card in said set of adapter cards is of a predetermined card type and has a predefined unique card type ID value associated therewith.

11. A computer system as set forth in claim 10 wherein said unique card type ID value is hardwired on each card in said set of adapter cards.

12. A computer system as set forth in claim 10 wherein said parameter information signals include an address factor, priority value and state information.

13. A computer system as set forth in claim 12 wherein said software-adjustable parameter storage means further comprise a configuration register on each card in said set of adapter cards.

14. A computer system as set forth in claim 13 which is operative, whenever powered down, to store in said nonvolatile memory means the ID value associated with each card attached to any one of said plurality of sockets, together with the parameter information signals associated with each attached card.

15. A computer system as set forth in claim 14 wherein the ID value and parameter information signals for any card attached to a particular one of said plurality of sockets is stored in a portion of said nonvolatile memory means predefined to be associated with said particular socket.

16. A computer system as set forth in claim 15 further comprising priority card select means, coupled to a plurality of identical card types in said set of adapter cards, for facilitating system operation of said plurality of identical card types at different priority levels depending on the value the parameter information signals set in the adjustable parameter storage means associated with each of said plurality of identical card types.

17. A computer system as set forth in claim 15 further comprising card inactivation means, coupled to a plurality of identical card types in said set of adapter cards, for selectively rendering redundant cards inactive depending on the value the parameter information signals set in the adjustable parameter storage means associated with each of said plurality of identical card types.

18. A computer system as set forth in claim 12 further comprising configuration determination means, coupled to said nonvolatile memory means and each card plugged into any one of said plurality of sockets when the system is powered up for determining if any change to the system configuration was made since the system was last powered down.

19. A computer system as set forth in claim 18 wherein said configuration determination means further comprises:

(a) ID value determination means for determining, on system power up, the ID value of each card plugged into any one of said plurality of sockets; and

(b) configuration comparison means, coupled to said ID value determination means, for comparing the card ID value for a card plugged into a particular socket with the ID value stored in the portion of said nonvolatile memory means associated with said particular socket.

20. A computer system as set forth in claim 19 further comprising means for transferring the parameter information signals from the predefined portion of said nonvolatile memory means associated a particular one of said plurality of sockets, to said parameters storage means on the card attached to said particular socket, whenever said configuration determination means determines that no change in system configuration has occurred since the system was last powered down.

21. A computer system as set forth in claim 18 further comprising parameter information signal development means, coupled to said configuration determination means, for developing parameter information signals associated with a second configuration of peripheral devices attached to said system whenever said first configuration has changed.

22. A computer system as set forth in claim 21 wherein said parameter information signal development means further comprises means for transferring said parameter information signals associated with said second configuration of peripheral devices to both said nonvolatile memory means and the parameter storage means on each adapter card supporting said second configuration of peripheral devices.

23. A computer system as set forth in claim 16 further comprising I/O address and assigned priority response determination means, coupled to each card in said set of adapter cards via said plurality of sockets, for determining if each card is properly responding to its I/O address and assigned priority level.

24. A computer system as set forth in claim 23 wherein each card attached to any one of said plurality of sockets, develops a feedback signal in response to an inquiry from said I/O address and assigned priority response determination means, to indicate whether the card is properly responding to its I/O address and assigned priority level.

25. A computer system as set forth in claim 24 further comprising duplicate resource detection means, coupled to each card attached to any one of said plurality of sockets, is responsive to feedback signals provided by each card to detect duplicate use of a selected resource.

26. A computer system with software-adjustable means to automatically configure said system on power up so long as no change in system configuration has occurred since the computer system was powered down, comprising:

(a) a set of adapter cards, wherein each card in said set is of a predetermined card type and has a predefined unique card type ID value stored thereon;

(b) a central processing unit (CPU);

(c) a system bus;

(d) a plurality of slots into which any card in said set may be plugged;

(e) slot address decoder means coupled between said system bus and each of said plurality of slots; and

(f) nonvolatile memory means for storing, in memory locations thereof, parameter information signals pertaining to each of said slots and any card attached to a given slot when the system is powered down.

27. A computer system as set forth in claim 26, wherein each of said adapter cards further comprises:

(a) driver circuit means, coupled to said system bus via one of said plurality of slots and said slot address decoder means, for transmitting an identity value which uniquely identifies card type and associated peripheral device;

(b) parameter storage means for storing parameter information signals used to control communications between a given card and said system bus; and

(c) logic means, coupled to said parameter storage means and to said system bus via said one of said plurality of slots and said slot address decoder means, for controlling card response to I/O addresses appearing on said system bus.

28. A computer system as set forth in claim 27 wherein said parameter information signals include an address factor priority value and state information.

29. A computer system as set forth in claim 28 wherein said logic means further comprises decoder logic means, operating under the control of the address factor stored in said parameter storage means, for detecting an I/O address uniquely associated with card type.

30. A computer system as set forth in claim 29 wherein said logic means further comprises control means, including driver enable means, for enabling said driver circuit means, in response to a request appearing on said system bus from said CPU, to transmit said identity value.

31. A computer system as set forth in claim 30 wherein said control means further comprises card programming means, coupled to said system bus via said one of said plurality of slots and said slot address decoder means, for transferring parameter information signals associated with said one of said plurality of slots, retrieved from memory locations in said nonvolatile memory means and placed on said system bus by said CPU, to said parameter storage means in response to first control signal initiated by and placed on said system bus by said CPU.

32. A computer system as set forth in claim 30 wherein said control means further comprises parameter storage readout means, coupled to said system bus via said one of said plurality of slots and said slot address decoder means, for outputting the parameter information signals stored in said parameter storage means to said system bus in response to a second control signal initiated by and placed on said system bus by said CPU.

33. A computer system as set forth in claim 29 further comprising diagnostic support means, for generating a feedback signal to indicate, in response to a diagnostic program executing on said system, whether said card is properly responding to its I/O address and any assigned priority level.

34. A computer system as set forth in claim 33 wherein said diagnostic support means includes said address decoder means and further comprises priority decode means, coupled to said parameter storage means, for comparing the priority of the card selected by said diagnostic program with the priority value stored in said parameter storage means.

35. A computer system as set forth in claim 34 wherein said diagnostic support means further comprises gate means for developing said feedback signal as a function of output signals generated by said address decoder means and said priority decode means.

36. A computer system including a set of adapter cards, wherein each card is identifiable as to card type by a unique predefined ID value stored thereon, comprising:

(a) a central processing unit (CPU);

(b) a system bus;

(c) a plurality of slots into which any card in said set may be plugged;

(d) slot address decoder means coupled between said system bus and each of said plurality of slots; and

(e) nonvolatile memory means for storing, in memory locations thereof, parameter information signals pertaining to each of said slots and any card attached to a given slot when the system is powered down, said parameter information signals further including an ID value for each card attached;

(f) means coupled to said slots and said nonvolatile memory means effective after power-up following the system power-down for comparing the ID value stored in a memory location of the nonvolatile memory means to the predefined ID value of each card attached to said slots; and

(g) means for configuring a card attached to said slots if the ID value in said nonvolatile memory means does not match the predefined ID value on said card.

37. A computer system that facilitates user transparent establishment of variable system parameters, including parameters associated with addressing a first configuration of a set of adapter cards, each of which has a unique card type ID value associated therewith and means for transmitting said ID value located thereon, that support the operation of said devices, comprising:

(a) a plurality of sockets into which each card in said set of adapter cards may be interchangeably plugged;

(b) nonvolatile memory means, coupled to said plurality of sockets, for storing said card ID values, together with parameter information signals pertaining to said plurality of sockets and any cards plugged therein, in predefined portions of said nonvolatile memory means, where each of said predefined portions is associated with a particular one of said plurality of sockets;

(c) software-adjustable parameter storage means, located on each card in said set of adapter cards and coupled to said nonvolatile memory means via said plurality of sockets, used for automatically configuring said system on power up to support said first configuration of a set of adapter cards; and

(d) first system configuration means, coupled to said nonvolatile memory and to each adapter card via said plurality of sockets, for automatically transferring the parameter information signals from the predefined portion of said nonvolatile memory means associated with a particular one of said plurality of sockets, to said software-adjustable parameter storage means on the card attached to said particular socket, so long as no change in system configuration has occurred since the system was last powered down.

38. A computer system as set forth in claim 37 wherein said first system configuration means further comprises:

(a) first means for sequentially obtaining card ID values, transmitted by said means for transmitting located on each card, from the set of cards plugged into said plurality of sockets;

(b) means for determining if said first configuration has changed since the system was last powered down by comparing the transmitted ID value obtained from each card attached to any one of said plurality of sockets with the ID value stored in nonvolatile memory for each socket; and

(c) means for transferring, so long as said first configuration has not changed, the parameter information signals stored in said nonvolatile memory means pertaining to each socket and attached card, to the aforesaid parameter storage means on each card to thereby automatically configure said system.

39. A computer system as set forth in claim 37 further comprising second system configuration means, coupled to said nonvolatile memory and to each adapter card via said plurality of sockets, for initializing and setting up said system whenever a change in system configuration has occurred since the system was last powered down.

40. A computer system as set forth in claim 39 wherein said second system configuration means further comprises:

(a) means for disabling all sockets;

(b) means for performing I/O address space scanning, coupled to said plurality of sockets, to determine if a non-compatible feature card is attached to said system;

(c) means for sequentially enabling all sockets so long as no non-compatible feature cards are attached to the system;

(d) second means for sequentially obtaining card ID values, transmitted by said means for transmitting located on each card, for the set of cards plugged into said plurality of sockets;

(e) means for comparing each ID value obtained with a set of ID values known to the system and, for each ID value known to the system, creating parameter information signals for the card that transmitted the known ID value;

(f) user interface means, coupled to said means for comparing, for signalling the system user whenever a transmitted card ID value is not known to the system, and for providing a means by which said user can input parameter information signals pertaining to any such card;

(g) means for creating a configuration table from the card ID values obtained and parameter information signals created by the system, together with any parameter information signals provided by the user and storing said configuration table on a reference diskette;

(h) means for storing the parameter information signals and ID values located in said configuration table into said predefined portions of said nonvolatile memory means so that the configuration information for the card attached to a particular socket is stored in the portion of nonvolatile memory associated with said socket; and

(h) means for transferring the parameter information signals stored in said nonvolatile memory means pertaining to each socket and attached card, to the said parameter storage means on each card to thereby configure said system.

41. A computer system as set forth in claim 40 wherein said user interface means further comprises parameter information signal conflict resolution means that enable the system user to resolve parameter conflicts.

42. A computer system, including at least one adapter card having a unique card type ID value associated therewith and means for transmitting said ID value located thereon, comprising:

(a) a socket into which a said card may be plugged;

(b) nonvolatile memory means, coupled to said socket, for storing said card ID value, together with configuration information pertaining to said socket and the card plugged therein, in a predefined portion of said nonvolatile memory means associated with said socket;

(c) software-programmable parameter storage means, located on said card and coupled to said nonvolatile memory means via said socket; and

(d) configuration means, coupled to said nonvolatile memory and said adapter card via said socket, for automatically transferring the configuration information from said predefined portion of said nonvolatile memory means, to said software-adjustable parameter storage means, to thereby automatically set said parameter storage means, so long as no change in system configuration has occurred since the system was last powered down.

43. A device card for a central processing system, the central processing system having an I/O socket for attaching said device card to the central processing system, a bus for electrically connecting said card to the central processing system, a central processor unit, and a nonvolatile memory, the nonvolatile memory including a first identity value associated with said device card, the nonvolatile memory further including corresponding parameter data for said card, the parameter data being representative of variable system resource information to enable said card to operate within the central processing system, said device card comprising:

storage means provided on said card for permanently storing a second identity value for indicating a respective card type;

decoding means for decoding on said card, said decoding means being responsive to a first control signal initiated from the central processing unit for effecting the transfer of the second identity value to the central processing unit,

a driver circuit means responsive to said decoding means for transmitting the second identity value to the central processing system, wherein the central processing unit generates a second control signal when the second identity value of said card then connected to the central processing system matches the first identity value stored in the nonvolatile memory, the central processing unit further transferring the parameter data to the bus upon a successful comparison of said identity values;

card programming means for transferring the parameter data from said bus to said card in response to the second control signal initiated from the central processing unit; and

parameter storage means provided on said card for storing the parameter data from the central processing unit.

44. The device card of claim 43, wherein said parameter storage means comprises a register means coupled to said card.

45. The device card of claim 43, wherein the parameter data includes an address factor for providing an I/O address uniquely associated with said card, said card further including a control means, coupled to said parameter storage means, for detecting the presence of the I/O address, uniquely associated with said card, to enable said card to receive information from the central processing unit.

46. The device card of claim 43, wherein the parameter data includes a priority value and said card includes a priority card select means for permitting said card to be selected over another card on the basis of priority.

47. The device card of claim 43 further including

a feedback line connected to said card, said feedback line further being connected to said central processing unit;

and

means on said card, responsive to a unique card select input signal from the central processing unit, for selectively sending a signal on said feedback line to said central processing unit indicating selection of said card.

48. A data processing system comprising;

a system board having a plurality of I/O sockets thereon, said plurality of I/O sockets being adapted for attachment of peripheral control cards of various types having identity values corresponding to the card stored on the card,

nonvolatile memory for storing, in locations thereof assigned to respective I/O sockets, the identity values of cards attached to said I/O sockets when power was last applied to said system,

a comparator effective after power has been removed from and reapplied to said system for comparing the identity value on the cards with the identity value stored in the respective memory location to determine if any cards have been added, changed or moved since the previous removal of power from said system; and

,

a processor responsive to outputs of said comparator for indicating successful comparisons of identity values for transferring and storing into each respective card, parameter data stored in the respective memory location, thereby eliminating the need to create the parameter data.