Electronically commutated motor for driving a compressor

• US 5,491,978 A
• Filed: 02/14/1995
• Issued: 02/20/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 08/18/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Kiefer, James R., Young, Glen C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tanner, Harry B.
• Application Number:
  US08/388,720
• Time in Patent Office: 371 Days
• Field of Search: 62/228.1, 62/228.4, 62/230, 62/158, 62/157, 62/231, 62/126, 62/127, 62/129, 361/22, 361/24, 361/28, 361/29, 361/30, 361/31, 361/32, 361/33, 361/34, 361/51, 388/903
• US Class Current: 62/126
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 7/0838 with H-bridge circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 6/08 Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor H02P6/10, H02P6/28 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 6/15 Controlling commutation time
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 6/182 using back-emf in windings

Abstract

A system which drives a compressor of a refrigeration system at one or more speeds. The system includes a motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly. The stationary assembly includes windings adapted to be commutated in at least one preselected sequence. The rotatable assembly is in magnetic coupling relation to the stationary assembly and in driving relation to the compressor. The motor drives the compressor at a desired speed corresponding to a speed select signal representative of one of the speeds. The system further includes an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) connected to the motor. The ASIC receives the speed select signal and is responsive to it for generating a commutation reference signal. The commutation reference signal in combination with the commutation signal generates a peak current demand signal and thereby cause the motor to operate at the desired speed. The ASIC includes a fault detector for detecting overcurrent, underspeed and/or undervoltage conditions of the motor and a protective circuit for disabling the motor when at least one of the conditions is detected. An inhibitor circuit prevents disablement of the motor during a period of time immediately following starting of the motor and a reset circuit resets the detector after another period of time to permit enablement of the motor after disablement thereof. The ASIC further includes a timer for timing the periods of time.

Claims

1. An application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for use with a motor for driving a component at one or more speeds, said ASIC comprising:

a fault detector for detecting overcurrent, underspeed and/or undervoltage conditions of the motor;

a protective circuit for disabling the motor in response to the detector detecting at least one of the conditions for a first period of time;

an inhibitor circuit for preventing disablement of the motor by the protective circuit during a second period of time immediately following starting of the motor;

a reset circuit for resetting the detector after a third period of time to permit enablement of the motor after disablement thereof by the protective circuit; and

a timer for timing the first, second and third periods of time.

2. A system for driving a compressor of a refrigeration system comprising:

a motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation thereto, said stationary assembly including windings adapted to be commutated in at least one preselected sequence, said rotatable assembly being in driving relation to the compressor;

power switching devices responsive to a commutation signal for selectively connecting a power supply to the windings in the preselected sequence to produce an electromagnetic field for rotating the rotatable assembly; and

an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) providing the commutation signal for controlling commutation of the motor thereby to operate the motor at a selected speed, said ASIC comprising;

a fault detector for detecting overcurrent and/or underspeed conditions of the motor;

a protection circuit for disabling the motor in response to the detector detecting at least one of the conditions for a first period of time;

an inhibitor circuit for preventing disablement of the motor by the protective circuit during a second period of time immediately following starting of the motor;

a reset circuit for resetting the detector after a third period of time to permit enablement of the motor after disablement thereof by the protection circuit; and

a timer for timing the first, second and third periods of time.

3. The system of claim 2 wherein the ASIC comprises a current sensing circuit generating an overcurrent signal when the sensed current exceeds an overcurrent reference level for at least the first period of time and wherein each of the power switching devices is nonconducting in response to the overcurrent signal to disable the motor.

4. The system of claim 3 wherein the second period of time is triggered by the energization of the windings and wherein the ASIC comprises a current blanking circuit for inhibiting the overcurrent signal during the second period of time whereby the motor is disabled in response to the overcurrent signal except during the second period of time.

5. The system of claim 4 wherein the power switching devices comprise an inverter bridge having a positive rail and a negative rail supplied by the power supply and including free-wheeling diodes each corresponding to and connected across one of the power switching devices, said rails normally carrying a diode recovery current at energization, and wherein the second period of time is greater than an interval of time corresponding to a time period during which the diode recovery current decays below a predetermined level.

6. The system of claim 3 wherein the current sensing circuit comprises a digital filter.

7. The system of claim 2 wherein the ASIC comprises a speed detector generating an underspeed signal when the detected speed of the motor is less than a predetermined stall speed for at least the first period of time and wherein each of the power switching devices is nonconducting in response to the underspeed signal to disable the motor.

8. The system of claim 7 wherein the speed detector measures an interval of time corresponding to at least one revolution of the rotatable assembly whereby the detected speed is independent of speed variations during a revolution.

9. A refrigeration system comprising:

a compressor for circulating a refrigerant through an evaporator;

a motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation thereto, said stationary assembly including windings adapted to be commutated in at least one preselected sequence, said rotatable assembly being in driving relation to the compressor;

power switching devices responsive to a commutation signal for selectively connecting a power supply to the windings in the preselected sequence to produce an electromagnetic field for rotating the rotatable assembly; and

an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) providing the commutation signal for controlling commutation of the motor thereby to operate the motor at a selected speed, said ASIC comprising;

a fault detector for detecting overcurrent and/or underspeed conditions of the motor;

a protection circuit for disabling the motor in response to the detector detecting at least one of the conditions for a first period of time;

an inhibitor circuit for preventing disablement of the motor by the protective circuit during a second period of time immediately following starting of the motor;

a reset circuit for resetting the detector after a third period of time to permit enablement of the motor after disablement thereof by the protection circuit; and

a timer for timing the first, second and third periods of time.

10. A system for driving a rotatable component comprising:

a motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation thereto, said stationary assembly including windings adapted to be commutated in at least one preselected sequence, said rotatable assembly being in driving relation to the component;

power switching devices responsive to a commutation signal for selectively connecting a power supply to the windings in the preselected sequence to produce an electromagnetic field for rotating the rotatable assembly; and

an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) providing the commutation signal for controlling commutation of the motor thereby to operate the motor at a selected speed, said ASIC comprising;

a fault detector for detecting overcurrent and/or underspeed conditions of the motor;

a protection circuit for disabling the motor in response to the detector detecting at least one of the conditions for a first period of time;

an inhibitor circuit for preventing disablement of the motor by the protective circuit during a second period of time immediately following starting of the motor;

a reset circuit for resetting the detector after a third period of time to permit enablement of the motor after disablement thereof by the protection circuit; and

a timer for timing the first, second and third periods of time.

11. A system for driving a rotatable component at one or more speeds comprising:

a motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation thereto, said stationary assembly including windings adapted to be commutated in at least one preselected sequence, said rotatable assembly being in driving relation to the component;

a speed selector for providing a speed select signal representative of a selected one of the speeds, said motor driving the compressor at a desired speed corresponding to the speed select signal;

power switching devices responsive to a commutation signal for selectively connecting a power supply to the windings in the preselected sequence to produce an electromagnetic field for rotating the rotatable assembly; and

an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) connected between the speed selector and the motor, said ASIC including a position sensor circuit providing a position signal representative of a position of the rotatable assembly and including a commutation circuit generating the commutation signal in response to the speed select signal and the position signal for controlling commutation of the motor thereby to operate the motor at the selected speed as represented by the speed select signal, said ASIC further including an undervoltage detector for detecting an undervoltage condition of the ASIC and disabling the motor in response thereto.

12. A method of protecting a motor driving a component, said motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation thereto, said stationary assembly including windings adapted to be commutated in at least one preselected sequence, said rotatable assembly in driving relation to the component, said system further comprising an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) connected to the motor, said method comprising the steps of:

detecting overcurrent, underspeed and/or undervoltage conditions of the motor with the ASIC;

disabling the motor in response to the ASIC detecting at least one of the conditions for a first period of time;

preventing disablement of the motor during a second period of time immediately following starting of the motor; and

resetting the ASIC for detecting overcurrent, underspeed and/or undervoltage conditions of the motor after a third period of time to permit enablement of the motor after disablement thereof.

13. A method of operating a system for driving a compressor of a refrigeration system, said system comprising a motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation thereto, said stationary assembly including windings adapted to be commutated in at least one preselected sequence, said rotatable assembly in driving relation to the compressor, said system further comprising an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) connected to the motor, said method comprising the steps of:

selectively connecting a power supply to the windings in the preselected sequence with power switching devices responsive to a commutation signal to produce an electromagnetic field for rotating the rotatable assembly;

providing the commutation signal with the ASIC to control commutation of the motor thereby operating the motor at a selected speed;

detecting overcurrent, underspeed and/or undervoltage conditions of the motor with the ASIC;

disabling the motor in response to the ASIC detecting at least one of the conditions for a first period of time;

preventing disablement of the motor during a second period of time immediately following starting of the motor;

resetting the ASIC for detecting overcurrent, underspeed and/or undervoltage conditions of the motor after a third period of time to permit enablement of the motor after disablement thereof.

14. The method of claim 13 further comprising the steps of sensing current in the windings and generating an overcurrent signal when the sensed current exceeds an overcurrent reference level for at least the first period of time and wherein each of the power switching devices is nonconducting in response to the overcurrent signal to disable the motor.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein the second period of time is triggered by the energization of the windings and further comprising the step of inhibiting the overcurrent signal during the second period of time whereby the motor is disabled in response to the overcurrent signal except during the second period of time.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein the power switching devices comprise an inverter bridge having a positive rail and a negative rail supplied by the power supply and including free-wheeling diodes each corresponding to and connected across one of the power switching devices, said rails normally carrying a diode recovery current at energization, and wherein the second period of time is greater than an interval of time corresponding to a time period during which the diode recovery current decays below a predetermined level.

17. The method of claim 13 further comprising the steps of detecting the speed of the motor and generating an underspeed signal when the detected speed of the motor is less than a predetermined stall speed for at least the first period of time and wherein each of the power switching devices is nonconducting in response to the underspeed signal to disable the motor.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the speed detecting step includes measuring an interval of time corresponding to at least one revolution of the rotatable assembly whereby the detected speed is independent of speed variations during a revolution.

19. A method of operating a refrigeration system, said refrigeration system having a compressor for circulating refrigerant through an evaporator and a motor for driving the compressor, said motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation thereto, said stationary assembly including windings adapted to be commutated in at least one preselected sequence, said rotatable assembly in driving relation to the compressor, said system further comprising an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) connected to the motor, said method comprising the steps of:

selectively connecting a power supply to the windings in the preselected sequence with power switching devices responsive to a commutation signal to produce an electromagnetic field for rotating the rotatable assembly;

providing the commutation signal with the ASIC to control commutation of the motor thereby operating the motor at a selected speed;

detecting overcurrent, underspeed and/or undervoltage conditions of the motor with the ASIC;

disabling the motor in response to the ASIC detecting at least one of the conditions for a first period of time;

preventing disablement of the motor during a second period of time immediately following starting of the motor;

resetting the ASIC for detecting overcurrent, underspeed and/or undervoltage conditions of the motor after a third period of time to permit enablement of the motor after disablement thereof.

20. A method of operating a system for driving a rotatable component, said system comprising a motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation thereto, said stationary assembly including windings adapted to be commutated in at least one preselected sequence, said rotatable assembly in driving relation to the component, said system further comprising an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) connected to the motor, said method comprising the steps of:

selectively connecting a power supply to the windings in the preselected sequence with power switching devices responsive to a commutation signal to produce an electromagnetic field for rotating the rotatable assembly;

providing the commutation signal with the ASIC to control commutation of the motor thereby operating the motor at a selected speed;

detecting overcurrent, underspeed and/or undervoltage conditions of the motor with the ASIC;

disabling the motor in response to the ASIC detecting at least one of the conditions for a first period of time;

preventing disablement of the motor during a second period of time immediately following starting of the motor;

resetting the ASIC for detecting overcurrent, underspeed and/or undervoltage conditions of the motor after a third period of time to permit enablement of the motor after disablement thereof.

21. A method of operating a system for driving a rotatable component at one or more speeds, said system comprising a motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation thereto, said stationary assembly including windings adapted to be commutated in at least one preselected sequence, said rotatable assembly in driving relation to the component, said system further comprising an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) connected to the motor, said method comprising the steps of:

providing a speed select signal representative of a selected one of the speeds, said motor driving the compressor at a desired speed corresponding to the speed select signal;

providing a position signal representative of a position of the rotatable assembly;

inputting the speed select signal and the position signal to the ASIC;

generating a commutation signal via the ASIC in response to the speed select signal and the position signal for controlling commutation of the motor thereby to operate the motor at the selected speed as represented by the speed select signal;

selectively connecting a power supply to the windings in the preselected sequence with power switching devices responsive to the commutation signal to produce an electromagnetic field for rotating the rotatable assembly;

detecting an undervoltage condition of the ASIC; and

disabling the motor in response to the detected undervoltage condition.