Stereoscopically displayed three dimensional medical imaging

• US 5,493,595 A
• Filed: 06/02/1994
• Issued: 02/20/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 02/24/1982
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Schoolman Scientific Corporation
• Original Assignee: Schoolman Scientific Corporation
• Inventors: Schoolman, Arnold
• Primary Examiner(s): Hayes, Gail O.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Thomas, Joseph
• Application Number:
  US08/253,424
• Time in Patent Office: 628 Days
• Field of Search: 364/413.26, 364/413.25, 364/413.24, 364/413.22, 364/413.14, 364/413.13, 364/413.19, 378/23, 378/41, 378/42, 378/98.6, 378/137, 395/119, 250/363.04, 250/369, 128/653.1
• US Class Current: 378/41
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/462 characterised by constructional features of the display
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/158 Switching image signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/189 Recording image signals; Reproducing recorded image signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/194 Transmission of image signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/221 using the relative movement between cameras and objects
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/239 using two 2D image sensors having a relative position equal to or related to the interocular distance H04N13/243 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/275 from 3D object models, e.g. computer-generated stereoscopic image signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/286 having separate monoscopic and stereoscopic modes
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/296 Synchronisation thereof; Control thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/332 Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD]
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/344 with head-mounted left-right displays
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/398 Synchronisation thereof; Control thereof

Abstract

A stereoscopically displayed three dimensional medical imaging system derives image data from a tomographic imaging apparatus and reconstructs the image data into a three dimensional model and displays right and left stereoscopic three dimensional image components of the model on corresponding right and left video display devices of a stereoscopic viewing unit. The system includes a system computer interfaced to the imaging apparatus and a pair of image channels, each including a three dimensional display processor, and a video display device. The three dimensional display processors receive polygon image data, reconstruct it into a three dimensional form, and select image data representing a three dimensional view from a selected perspective. The system computer generates the polygon image data and controls the display processors to present mutually angularly displaced views of the same three dimensional image to form the stereoscopic image components.

Claims

1. A method of three dimensionally imaging and stereoscopically displaying images of anatomical structures within an organism comprising the steps of:

(a) providing an energy having a selected parameter;

(b) propagating said energy within an organism having anatomical structures therein such that said energy interacts with said anatomical structures;

(c) receiving said energy after said interaction with said anatomical structures;

(d) measuring changes in said selected parameter of said energy as a result of interaction with said anatomical structures;

(e) converting said changes to image data representing images of said anatomical structures;

(f) performing said propagating, receiving, measuring, and converting steps in such a manner as to obtain said image data in a form of a plurality of closely spaced and sequential two dimensional arrays of spatially related image data points having values related to said change in said selected parameter of said energy, said arrays forming cross sectional images of a segment of said organism;

(g) assembling said image data in such a manner as to form a three dimensional model;

(h) transforming said three dimensional model into independent, angularly displaced right and left three dimensional video signals representing right and left eye three dimensional stereoscopic components of said three dimensional model from a first perspective, said transforming step including the steps of creating a three dimensional view from said first perspective of said three dimensional image data, said first perspective representing one of said right or left eye stereoscopic components and rotating said three dimensional image data from said first perspective to a second perspective and creating a second three dimensional view from said second perspective, said second perspective representing the other of said left and right eye stereoscopic components;

(i) providing a stereoscopic display unit including separate, independent right and left video displays;

(j) displaying said right three dimensional model stereoscopic image component of a three dimensional image of said three dimensional model on said right video display; and

(k) displaying said angularly displaced left three dimensional model stereoscopic image component of said three dimensional image of said three dimensional model on said left video display.

2. A method as set forth in claim 1 including the steps of:

(a) positioning said right and left video display devices in a head worn viewing harness in which said right and left video display devices are supported by the head of a person viewing said images.

3. A method as set forth in claim 1 and further including the steps of:

(a) causing said image of said anatomical structures as displayed to rotate about an axis from said first perspective to a third perspective; and

(b) repeating said transforming step with said third perspective representing said one of said right or left eye views.

4. A method as set forth in claim 1 including the steps of:

(a) correlating said range of shades of display color to a range of changes in said selected parameter of said energy as a result of interaction with said anatomical structures;

(b) selecting an inhibition range of said shades of display color; and

(c) causing the inhibition of the display of the inhibition range of said shades of display color to thereby enhance the view of remaining portions of said image.

5. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein said converting step includes:

(a) interpolating to provide average image data point values between adjacent image data points to derive averaged image points interspersed among said data image points.

6. A method as set forth in claim 1 including the steps of:

(a) storing said image data;

(b) recalling said image data at a time remote from said generating step; and

(c) performing said transforming and displaying steps on said recalled image data.

7. A method as set forth in claim 1 including:

(a) performing said generating, propagating, receiving, and measuring steps using an x-ray computed tomography imaging apparatus.

8. A method as set forth in claim 1 including:

(a) performing said generating, propagating, receiving, and measuring steps using a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus.

9. A method as set forth in claim 1 including:

(a) performing said generating, propagating, receiving, and measuring steps using a positron emission tomography imaging apparatus.

10. A method as set forth in claim 1 including:

(a) performing said generating, propagating, receiving, and measuring steps using a single photon emission computed tomography imaging apparatus.

11. A method as set forth in claim 1 including:

(a) performing said generating, propagating, receiving, and measuring steps using a ultrasound imaging apparatus.

12. An apparatus for stereoscopically imaging anatomical structures comprising:

(a) imaging means deriving image data representing changes in a selected parameter resulting from interaction of an energy with anatomical structures of a segment of an organism upon the propagation of said energy within said organism;

(b) image data storage means interfaced with said imaging means and storing said image data;

(c) computer means interfaced with said image data storage means for receiving said image data, assembling said image data in such a manner as to form a three dimensional model of said segment of said organism, generating independent right and left eye angularly displaced three dimensional stereoscopic image data representing respective right and left stereoscopic component images of said three dimensional model by rotating said three dimensional model to yield respective right and left eye perspective components from a selected perspective view of said three dimensional model; and

(d) stereoscopic display means interfaced with said computer means and including separate, independent right and left video displays, said display means receiving said right and left three dimensional model stereoscopic image data and transforming same into right and left video signals which are applied respectively to said right and left video displays to display said right and left stereoscopic component images respectively thereon.

13. An apparatus as set forth in claim 12 including:

(a) a viewing harness supporting said right and left video display devices on the head of a person viewing said images.

14. An apparatus as set forth in claim 12 wherein said computer means further includes:

(a) a system computer connected to said image data storage means and to said right and left three dimensional display processors, said system computer providing said processors with three dimensional model image data derived from said image data storage means, said system computer also coordinating the operation of said right and left three dimensional computers to display respective right and left stereoscopic image components of said three dimensional model.

15. An apparatus as set forth in claim 12 wherein:

(a) said computer means includes means for selectively causing said image of said anatomical structures as displayed to rotate about an axis to allow viewing said image from a different perspective.

16. An apparatus as set forth in claim 12 wherein said computer means includes:

(a) means for correlating said range of shades of display color to a range of changes in said selected parameter of said energy as a result of interaction with said anatomical structures;

(b) means for selecting an inhibition range of said shades of display color; and

(c) means for selectively inhibiting the display of the inhibition range of said shades of display color to thereby enhance the view of remaining portions of said image.

17. An apparatus as set forth in claim 12 wherein:

(a) said imaging means propagates said energy within said organism and receives said energy in such a manner as to obtain said image data as an array of spatially related image data points having values related to said changes in said selected parameter; and

(b) said computer means is programmed to;

(1) interpolate to provide average image data point values between adjacent image data points interspersed among said image data points.

18. An apparatus as set forth in claim 12 wherein:

(a) said imaging means propagates said energy within said organism and receives said energy in such a manner as to obtain said image data in a form of a plurality of closely spaced and sequential two dimensional cross sectional images of a segment said organism; and

(b) said computer means is programmed to;

(1) assemble said image data in such a manner as to form said three dimensional model of said segment of said organism.

19. An apparatus as set forth in claim 12 wherein:

(a) said imaging means includes scanned energy detector means to receive said energy propagated within said organism in such a manner as to obtain said image data in a form of a plurality of closely spaced and sequential two dimensional arrays of spatially related image data points having values related to said changes in said selected parameter of said energy, said arrays forming cross sectional images of a segment of said organism.

20. An apparatus as set forth in claim 12 wherein said imaging means includes:

(a) an x-ray computed tomography imaging system.

21. An apparatus as set forth in claim 12 wherein said imaging means includes:

(a) a magnetic resonance imaging system.

22. An apparatus as set forth in claim 12 wherein said imaging means includes:

(a) a positron emission tomography imaging system.

23. An apparatus as set forth in claim 12 wherein said imaging means includes:

(a) a single photon emission computed tomography imaging system.

24. An apparatus as set forth in claim 12 wherein said imaging means includes:

(a) an ultrasound imaging system.

25. An apparatus for stereoscopically imaging anatomical structures comprising:

(a) imaging means deriving image data representing changes in a selected parameter resulting from interaction of an energy with anatomical structures of a segment of an organism upon the propagation of said energy within said organism, said image data being in a form of a plurality of closely spaced and sequential two dimensional arrays of spatially related image data points having values related to said changes in said selected parameter of said energy, said arrays forming cross sectional images of a segment of said organism;

(b) image data storage means interfaced with said imaging means and storing said image data;

(c) computer means interfaced with said image data storage means for receiving said image data, assembling said image data in such a manner as to form a three dimensional model of said segment of the organism and generating independent right and left eye angularly displaced three dimensional stereoscopic image data representing respective right and left three dimensional stereoscopic component images of said anatomical structures by rotating said three dimensional model to yield respective right and left eye perspective components from a selected perspective view of said three dimensional model;

(d) stereoscopic display means interfaced with said computer means and including separate, independent right and left video displays, said display means receiving said right and left stereoscopic image data and transforming same into right and left video signals which which represent said right and left stereoscopic component images, respectively;

(e) a right three dimensional model stereoscopic image component of a three dimensional image of said three dimensional model being displayed on said right video display; and

(f) an angularly displaced left three dimensional model stereoscopic image component of said three dimensional image of said three dimensional model being displayed on said left video display.

26. An apparatus as set forth in claim 25 including:

(a) a viewing harness supporting said right and left video display devices on the head of a person viewing said images.

27. An apparatus as set forth in claim 25 wherein:

(a) said computer means includes a right and a left three dimensional display processor;

(b) said right and left three dimensional display processors each receive said processed image data and selected viewing elevations and angles, said right and left display processors including means for rotating said image data in such a manner as to form said angularly displaced right and left three dimensional models of said segment of said organism, and communicating to said display means said respective right and left models as stereoscopic image components of said three dimensional model.

28. An apparatus as set forth in claim 27 wherein said computer means further includes:

(a) a system computer connected between said image data storage means and said right and left three dimensional display processors and providing said processors with processed image data from said image data storage means and said viewing elevations and angles, said system computers also coordinating the operation of said right and left three dimensional display processors to display said right and left stereoscopic image components of said three dimensional model.

29. An apparatus as set forth in claim 25 wherein:

(a) said computer means includes means for selectively causing said three dimensional model of said anatomical structures as displayed to rotate about an axis to change said selected perspective to a different angle.

30. An apparatus as set forth in claim 25 wherein said computer means includes:

(a) means for correlating said range of shades of display color to a range of changes in said selected parameter of said energy as a result of interaction with said anatomical structures;

(b) means for selecting an inhibition range of said shades of display color; and

(c) means for selectively inhibiting the display of the inhibition range of said shades of display color to thereby enhance the view of remaining portions of said image.

31. An apparatus as set forth in claim 25 wherein said computer means includes:

(a) means for interpolating to provide average image data point values between adjacent image data points of said image data to derive averaged image points interspersed among said image data points.

32. An apparatus as set forth in claim 25 wherein said imaging means includes:

(a) an x-ray computed tomography imaging system.

33. An apparatus as set forth in claim 25 wherein said imaging means includes:

(a) a magnetic resonance imaging system.

34. An apparatus as set forth in claim 25 wherein said imaging means includes:

(a) a positron emission tomography imaging system.

35. An apparatus as set forth in claim 25 wherein said imaging means includes:

(a) a single photon emission computed tomography imaging system.

36. An apparatus as set forth in claim 25 wherein said imaging means includes:

(a) an ultrasound imaging system.