Device for identifying at least one gaseous component in a gaseous or liquid sample

• US 5,494,640 A
• Filed: 08/29/1994
• Issued: 02/27/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 04/12/1990
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd., Wilhelm Simon
• Original Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd., Wilhelm Simon
• Inventors: Ozawa, Satoshi, Simon, Wilhelm
• Primary Examiner(s): Alexander, Lyle A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Le, Long V.
• Application Number:
  US08/297,009
• Time in Patent Office: 547 Days
• Field of Search: 422/68.1, 422/82.03-82.08, 422/83, 422/86, 422/88, 422/82.09, 204/415, 204/416, 204/418, 204/419, 435/807, 435/808, 436/68, 436/73, 436/74, 436/75, 436/111, 436/113, 436/134, 436/127, 436/144, 436/164, 436/167, 436/175, 436/800, 436/805, 436/102, 436/106, 436/109, 436/119
• US Class Current: 422/82.05
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/0385 Diffusing membrane; Semipermeable membrane
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/1738 Optionally different kinds of measurements; Method being valid for different kinds of measurement
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/174 either absorption-reflection or emission-fluorescence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/8405 Application to two-phase or mixed materials, e.g. gas dissolved in liquids
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/6428 Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" in vivo A61B5/00; immunoassay G01N33/53
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/783 for analysing gases
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/80 Indicating pH value
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/156666 Sulfur containing
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/17 Nitrogen containing
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/172307 Cyanide or isocyanide
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/175383 Ammonia
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/18 Sulfur containing

Abstract

A sensor device is disclosed for identification of a gaseous component in a gaseous or liquid sample. The sensor device comprises an optode membrane having sensitivity for the gaseous component to be identified. The optode membrane incorporates two ionophores, at least one of which is a chromoionophore capable of changing absorption spectrum. The sensor device further comprises a hydrophobic gas-permeable membrane, one side of which is positioned upon the optode membrane to prevent direct contact of the optode membrane with the liquid or gaseous sample while still permitting passage of the gaseous component to be identified. As a result, ionic compounds incapable of passing through the lipophilic gas-permeable membrane do not interfere with the identification process leading to a highly sensitive sensor.

Claims

1. A device for identification of a gaseous component in a liquid sample, comprising:

1) a sensor comprising a lipophilic polymer material, at least one ionophore, and ion forming material for forming at least one ionic species from the gaseous component or from the gaseous component and a further component that is present in and/or on the sensor, said at least one ionophore having a sensitivity for the at least one ionic species, and

2) a hydrophobic gas-permeable membrane for preventing permeation of ions dissolved in the liquid sample, but permitting permeation of said gaseous component, one side of which is in contact with the liquid sample, said hydrophobic gas-permeable membrane being positioned upon said sensor to prevent direct contact between said sensor and said liquid sample and wherein said hydrophobic gas-permeable membrane is supported by said sensor,

wherein said identification of said gaseous component is performed by quantitating changes induced by reaction of said ion forming material with said gaseous component, or a reaction product of said gaseous component and said further component, said reaction generating said at least one ionic species.

2. A device according to claim 1, wherein said device further comprises an optical detector, said ion forming material comprising a chromoionophore capable of changing optical properties thereof upon reaction of the gaseous component with the sensor.

3. A device according to claim 2, said device further comprising a light source for transmitting light towards said detector via a chamber containing said sample, said hydrophobic gas-permeable membrane.

4. A device according to claim 1, wherein said gaseous component has an ability to pass through the hydrophobic gas-permeable membrane and to form the at least one ionic species, and wherein said gaseous component is selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, nitrous gases, sulfur dioxides phosgene, hydrogen sulfide, thiols, hydrogen halides, hydrogen cyanide, lower organic acids, ammonia and amines.

5. A device according to claim 1, wherein said lipophilic polymer material is a polymer matrix.

6. A device according to claim 1, wherein said lipophilic polymer material contains a plasticizer.

7. A device according to claim 1, wherein said sensor further comprises an ionic compound to maintain electroneutrality of the sensor within said polymer material.

8. A device according to claim 1, wherein said ionophore is a lipophilic compound capable of complexing with an ion formed from the gaseous component to be identified.

9. A device according to claim 1, wherein said hydrophobic gas-permeable membrane is a polymer.

10. A device according to claim 9, wherein said polymer is an olefin polymer.

11. A device according to claim 10, wherein said olefin polymer is a halogen substituted olefin polymer.

12. A device according to claim 2, wherein said chromoionophore varies optical properties thereof in the ultraviolet light range, in the visible light range or in the infrared light range.

13. A device according to claim 12, wherein said chromoionophore varies the optical properties upon complexation with ions generated by reaction of said at least one ionic species with said ionophore.

14. A device according to claim 13, wherein said chromoionophore varies the optical properties upon complexation with hydrogen ions generated by reaction of said at least one ionic species with said ionophore.

15. A device according to claim 1, wherein said gaseous component to be identified forms an ionic compound upon contact with said sensor.

16. A device according to claim 1, wherein said further component comprises water present in and/or on the lipophilic polymer material.

17. A device according to claim 10, wherein said ionophore comprises valinomycin.

18. A device according to claim 10, wherein said ion forming material comprising a compound converted by the general formula as follows:

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