System and method for detection of aural signals

• US 5,495,242 A
• Filed: 08/16/1993
• Issued: 02/27/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 08/16/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: E.A.R.S. Systems, Inc.
• Original Assignee: CAPS Incorporated (C.A.P.S.)
• Inventors: Kick, James, McConnell, William D.
• Primary Examiner(s): SWARTHOUT, BRENT
• Application Number:
  US08/106,615
• Time in Patent Office: 925 Days
• Field of Search: 340/901, 340/902, 340/906, 340/907, 340/904, 381/56, 367/199
• US Class Current: 340/902
• CPC Class Codes: B60Q 9/008 for anti-collision purposes
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/087 Override of traffic control, e.g. by signal transmitted by an emergency vehicle

Abstract

An early warning system (10) for visually informing the hearing impaired driver (D) of an automotive vehicle (A) of the proximity of an emergency vehicle by detecting a siren being sounded by the emergency vehicle. A microphone unit (12) receives an audible frequency signal transmitted by the siren. This signal is in one of a band of audible frequencies. In addition to the siren, the microphone unit receives other audible frequency signals as well. A signal processor (22) processes all received audible frequency signals. The processor includes an analog-digital converter (30) for converting received signals to a digital signal. The processor further includes a correlator microprocessor (32) for comparing the resulting processed signal to known siren signal characteristics each of which identifies a different type of siren. A light indicator (D1) provides a visible signal to the driver of the proximity of an emergency vehicle and an audible warning is also provided. These warnings allow the driver time to take appropriate action to avoid the emergency vehicle. The indicator is illuminated when a correlation is found indicating a received signal corresponds with the sound made by an emergency vehicle siren.

Claims

1. A warning system responsive to an audio signal for providing a warning signal comprising:

means for receiving an audio frequency signal, the audio frequency signal being in one of a band of frequencies, and the receiving means also simultaneously receiving other audio frequency signals;

signal processing means for processing all of the received audio frequency signals, said processing means including means for converting the received audio frequency signals to digital signals, sampling the digital signals at a predetermined sample rate, scaling the resulting samples as a function of an average signal energy value, transforming the scaled samples into a transform coveting a range of audio frequencies within the band of frequencies and means for correlating the resulting, transform to determine if a received audio frequency signal represents an audio signal to which the system should respond;

comparing means for comparing the autocorrelation with a set of criteria representing an audio frequency signal to which the system should respond to determine if such an audio frequency signal has been received; and

,

means for generating said warning signal in response to the audio frequency signal being received, the signal processing means generating the warning signal when the correlation means indicates a received audio frequency signal corresponds with the audio signal to which the system should respond.

2. The system of claim 1 further including a housing in which a microphone is installed, the housing being located such that the microphone encounters a minimum of wind turbulence and vibration, and the microphone comprising the means for receiving the audio frequency signal.

3. The system of claim 2 further including mounting means for installing the housing in a desired location.

4. The system of claim 2 wherein the receiving means further includes frequency sensing means.

5. The system of claim 4 wherein the frequency sensing means includes a piezoelectric transducer resonant at a predetermined audio frequency.

6. The system of claim 5 wherein the receiving means includes an operational amplifier to which the output of the transducer is supplied, the output of the operational amplifier being the input frequency signal to the processing means.

7. The system of claim 1 wherein the converting means includes an analog-to-digital converter.

8. The system of claim 7 wherein the correlation means includes microprocessor means for performing an autocorrelation of the converted signals, to produce an audio plot the characteristics of which are analyzed to determine if the received audio frequency signal includes a siren sound or noise, and if a siren sound, the type thereof, and the comparing means includes means for comparing the characteristics of the audio plot with the set of audio frequency signal criteria.

9. The system of claim 8 wherein the means for generating said warning signal includes a lamp which is normally extinguished and which is located so to be readily seen by someone to be warned by the system, the lamp being illuminated by an output from the processing means when a siren sound detection occurs.

10. The system of claim 9 further including an audio alarm sounded by an output from the processing means to indicate that an audio sound to which the system responds has been received, the audio alarm being a sound different from that to which the system responds.

11. The system of claim 8 further including timing means providing timing inputs to the correlation means.

12. The system of claim 1 further including power supply means for supplying power to the receiving means, processing means, and visual indication means.

13. A method of warning a person of a condition by detecting a sound indicative that the condition exists comprising:

receiving an audio frequency signal indicative of the condition, the frequency signal being in one of a band of audio frequencies, and the receiving means also receiving other audio frequency signals;

processing all received audio frequency signals including converting the received audio frequency signals to digital signals, sampling the digital signal at a predetermined rate, scaling the resulting samples as a function of an average energy value, transforming the scaled samples into a transform covering a range of audio frequencies within the band of frequencies, and performing an autocorrelation on the resulting transform to ascertain if the received audio frequency signal represents a sound for which a warning should issue;

comparing the autocorrelation with a set of criteria representing an audio frequency signal to determine if an audio frequency signal representing the condition has been received and,

providing a visible signal to the person that the condition exists so the person can take action appropriate with regard to the condition when the processing indicates the sound detected signals the presence of the condition for which action should be taken.

14. An early warning system for visually informing the hearing impaired driver of an automotive vehicle of the proximity of an emergency vehicle by detecting a siren being sounded by the emergency vehicle comprising:

means for receiving an audio frequency signal transmitted by the siren, the frequency signal being in one of a band of frequencies, and the receiving means also receiving other radio frequency signals;

signal processing means for processing all received audio frequency signals, said processing means including means for converting the received audio frequency signals to digital signals, and sampling the digital signals at a predetermined rate, scaling the resulting sample as a function of an average signal energy value, transforming the scaled samples into a transform covering a range of audio frequencies with the band of frequencies, and means performing an autocorrelation of the resulting, transform and comparing the results thereof to predetermined set of criteria representing the sounds made by various sirens; and

,

visual indication means for providing a visible signal to the driver of the proximity of an emergency vehicle so the driver can take appropriate action to avoid the emergency vehicle, the signal processing means illuminating the visual indication means when the comparison indicates a received signal corresponds with the sound made by an emergency vehicle siren.

15. The system of claim 14 wherein the receiving means includes a microphone installed on the vehicle, and a housing in which the microphone is mounted, the housing being mounted on the exterior of the vehicle in a position where the microphone encounters a minimum of wind turbulence and vehicle vibration, and the housing including mounting means for mounting the housing on the vehicle.

16. The system of claim 14 wherein the receiving means includes a microphone and frequency sensing means.

17. The system of claim 16 wherein the frequency sensing means includes a piezoelectric transducer resonant at a predetermined audio frequency.

18. The system of claim 14 wherein the converting means includes the analog-to-digital converter.

19. The system of claim 18 wherein the autocorrelation means includes microprocessor means for performing an autocorrelation of the converted signals, said autocorrelation converting a two-dimensional frequency and time plot to a one-dimensional plot the characteristics of which are compared with the predetermined set of criteria to determine if a received audio signal includes a siren sound or noise, and if a siren sound, the type thereof.

20. The system of claim 19 wherein the visual indication means includes a lamp which is normally extinguished and which is located on a dashboard or instrument panel of the vehicle where it can be readily seen by the driver, the lamp being illuminated by an output from the processing means when a siren sound is detected.

21. The system of claim 20 further including an audio alarm responsive to an output from the processing means for providing an audio indication that a siren sound has been received, said audio alarm informing a hearing person in the vehicle of the proximity of the siren so they can inform the driver.

22. A system responsive to a warning siren of an emergency vehicle approaching an intersection controlled by a traffic signal and a traffic signal controller for pre-empting the traffic signal so as to insure that the emergency vehicle has the right of way through the intersection and to insure that cross traffic is stopped, said system comprising:

one or more sensing units for monitoring audio signals at the intersection;

processing means for processing all of the audio signals monitored by said sensing units, said signal processing means including means for converting the monitored audio signals to digital signals, sampling the digital signals at a predetermined rate, scaling the resulting samples as a function of an average signal energy value, and for transforming the scaled samples into a transform covering a range of audio frequencies;

means for storing one or more predetermined audio signals corresponding to the audio signal emitted by an emergency vehicle siren;

means for determining if said digital signals from said sensing units correlate to one of said predetermined audio signals from an emergency vehicle siren;

means for generating an output signal responsive to a determination that an emergency vehicle is approaching the intersection while sounding its siren; and

means responsive to said output signal for pre-empting said traffic signal controller so as to insure that said traffic signal allows said emergency vehicle the right of way through said intersection and stops cross traffic.

23. The traffic signal pre-emptive system as claimed in claim 22 further including means for determining from which direction the emergency vehicle sounding its siren is approaching the intersection and for controlling said traffic signal accordingly to insure that said emergency vehicle has the right of way through said intersection and that cross traffic is stopped.

24. A method of pre-empting a traffic signal at an intersection controlled by a traffic signal controller in response to an audio warning siren signal emitted by an emergency vehicle approaching the traffic signal so as to insure that the emergency vehicle has the right of way through the intersection and that cross traffic is stopped, said method comprising:

monitoring audio signals at the intersection;

processing said audio signals received at the intersection including converting said audio signals to digital signals, sampling the digital signals at a predetermined rate, scaling the resulting signals as a function of an average signal energy value, and transforming the scaled samples into a transform covering a range of audio frequencies;

comparing said transform of said audio signals received at the intersection to one or more predetermined signals corresponding to the audio signal emitted by an emergency vehicle siren;

generating a signal in response to determining that the audio signal being received from said intersection corresponds to said predetermined emergency vehicle siren signal; and

pre-empting the control of said traffic signal so as to insure that said emergency vehicle has the right of way through the intersection and that cross traffic is stopped.

25. The method of claim 24 further comprising the step of determining from which direction the emergency is approaching the intersection and controlling the traffic signal accordingly to insure that said emergency vehicle has the right of way through the intersection and than cross traffic is stopped.

26. A method of warning the hearing impaired driver of an automotive vehicle of the proximity of an emergency vehicle by detecting a siren being sounded by the emergency vehicle comprising:

receiving an audio frequency signal transmitted by the siren, the frequency signal being in one of a band of audio frequencies, and the receiving means also receiving other audio frequency signals;

processing all of the received audio frequency signals including converting the received audio frequency signals to digital signals, sampling the digital signals at a predetermined sample rate, scaling the samples based on an average signal energy value, calculating a discrete Fourier Transform from the scaled sample information, the Fourier transform covering a plurality of spectral bands in the audio frequency and performing an autocorrelation on the result of the calculated transform to ascertain if a received audio frequency signal represents the sound made by a siren;

comparing the autocorrelation with a set of criteria representing audio frequency signals for sirens to determine if a siren sound has been received; and

,

illuminating a light to provide a visible signal to the driver of the proximity of an emergency vehicle so the driver can take appropriate action to avoid the emergency vehicle, when the processing indicates the sound was made by an emergency vehicle siren.

27. The method of claim 26 further including installing a microphone on the exterior of the automotive vehicle in a position where the microphone encounters a minimum of wind turbulence and vehicle vibration, particulary when the vehicle is moving at highway speeds.

28. The method of claim 27 further including frequency sensing with a piezoelectric transducer resonant at a predetermined audio frequency.

29. The method of claim 28 further including supplying the transducer outputs to an operational amplifier, and supplying an output of the operational amplifier as an input frequency signal for processing.

30. The method of claim 26 wherein the signal processing further included adding the results of a first discrete Fourier Transform with that of a second to obtain a frame of data comprising data bits representing spectral average values.

31. The method of claim 30 wherein the signal processing further includes:

analyzing the data frame to obtain the peak value of the data contained therein;

compressing the data bits in the data frame to a single bit the value of which is a function of the peak value;

repeating the above two steps for a succession of data frames; and

,

concatenating the results into a single multi-bit data word.

32. The method of claim 30 further including concatentating a sequence of data words into a superframe of data.

33. The method of claim 32 wherein the signal processing further includes:

performing an autocorrelation between the superframe and a copy thereof;

comparing the results of the autocorrelation with known indicia of various siren sounds; and

,

illuminating the lamp if the comparison indicated that the received audio signal is a siren sound.