Apparatus and method for calibrating and normalizing a stereolithographic apparatus

• US 5,495,328 A
• Filed: 11/30/1993
• Issued: 02/27/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 04/18/1988
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: 3D Systems, Inc. (3D Systems Corporation)
• Original Assignee: 3D Systems, Inc. (3D Systems Corporation)
• Inventors: Juran, Warren, Almquist, Thomas A., Tarnoff, Harry L., Spence, Stuart T.
• Primary Examiner(s): PHAM, HOA Q
• Application Number:
  US08/160,078
• Time in Patent Office: 819 Days
• Field of Search: 356/121-123, 356/153, 356/237, 356/355, 356/356, 250/347, 250/239, 425/174, 425/174.1, 104/35, 204/22, 204/25, 204/40.1, 204/250, 204/308
• US Class Current: 356/121
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/135 the energy source being concentrated, e.g. scanning lasers or focused light sources
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 30/00 Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 40/00 Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 1/4257 applied to monitoring the characteristics of a beam, e.g. laser beam, headlamp beam monitoring arrangements for lasers in general H01S3/0014
• CPC Class Codes: G03F 7/0037 Production of three-dimensional images
• CPC Class Codes: G03F 7/70416 2.5D lithography
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/49013 Deposit layers, cured by scanning laser, stereo lithography SLA, prototyping
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 17/00 Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 17/10 Constructive solid geometry [CSG] using solid primitives, e.g. cylinders, cubes
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 17/20 Finite element generation, e.g. wire-frame surface description, tesselation

Abstract

An apparatus and a method for calibrating and normalizing a stereolithographic apparatus so that a reaction means directed by a positioning means supplied with positioning means information may be positioned accurately on a designated surface of a working medium. One or more sensors fixed in location with respect to the designated surface of the working medium are utilized to correlate positioning means information with specific locations on the designated surface of the working medium. Other locations intermediate the specific locations may then be determined by the technique of linear interpolation.

Claims

1. A method for calibrating and normalizing an apparatus for the production of a three-dimensional object from a medium capable of selective physical transformation when exposed to a reaction means operating in a prescribed manner upon a designated working surface of the medium defining a working region of the apparatus to transform successive laminae forming the object, the improvement comprising the steps of:

defining a number of known locations near the working surface with known spatial relationships between each location;

directing the reaction means using desired positioner information to a plurality of locations near said working surface;

recording the positioner information used to direct the reaction means;

sensing the plurality of locations to which the reaction means is directed;

using the sensed position, the known locations, the known spatial relationships and the recorded positioner information to calibrate and normalize the apparatus.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of using comprises:

determining that the sensed positions are substantially coincident with the known locations.

3. The method of claim 2 additionally comprising:

determining a centroid of the intensity of the reaction means;

correlating the positioner information with the centroid of the intensity distribution to determine best positioner information;

using the best positioner information to calibrate and normalize the apparatus.

4. The method of claim 2 wherein the plurality of known locations are located at the working surface.

5. The method of claim 2 wherein a substantial number of the plurality of known locations are temporarily located within the working region of the apparatus.

6. The method of claim 2 wherein the step of using comprises:

using said recorded positioner information, said known spatial relationships, and desired cross-sectional spatial relationships of the three-dimensional object to transform data representing the desired cross-sectional spatial relationships of the three-dimensional object to positioning information necessary to accurately position the reaction means on the working surface.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein the step of directing utilizes rotational scanning mirrors.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the medium is a photopolymer.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the reaction means is a laser beam.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the laser beam is a UV laser beam.

11. In a machine for the production of a three-dimensional object from a medium capable of selected physical transformation when exposed to a reaction means operating in a prescribed manner upon a designated working surface of the medium defining a working region of the machine to form successive laminae forming the object, the improvement of an apparatus for calibrating and normalizing the machine prior to operation of the machine to make the three-dimensional object, comprising:

means for defining a number of known locations near the working surface with desired spatial relationships between each location;

means for directing the reaction means using desired positioner information to a plurality of locations near said working surface;

means for storing the positioner information used to direct the reaction means;

means for sensing the plurality of locations to which the reaction means is directed;

means for using the sensed position, the known locations, the desired spatial relationships and the recorded positioner information to calibrate and normalize the apparatus.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the means for using comprises:

means for determining that the sensed positions are substantially coincident with the known locations.

13. The apparatus of claim 12 additionally comprising:

means for determining a centroid of the intensity of the reaction means;

correlating the positioner information with the centroid of the intensity distribution to determine best positioner information;

using the best positioner information to calibrate and normalize the apparatus.

14. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the plurality of known locations are located at the working surface.

15. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein a substantial number of the plurality of known locations are temporarily located within the working region of the apparatus.

16. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the means for using comprises:

means for using said recorded positioner information, said known spatial relationships, and desired cross-sectional spatial relationships of the three-dimensional object to transform data representing the desired cross-sectional spatial relationships of the three-dimensional object to positioning information necessary to accurately position the reaction means on the working surface.

17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein means for directing comprises rotational scanning mirrors.

18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the medium is a photopolymer.

19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the reaction means is a laser beam.

20. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the laser beam is a UV laser beam.

21. A method for calibrating and normalizing an apparatus for the production of a three-dimensional object from a medium capable of selective physical transformation when exposed to a reaction means operating in a prescribed manner upon a designated working surface of the medium defining a working region of the machine to transform successive laminae forming the object, the improvement comprising the steps of:

defining a number of known locations near the working surface with known spatial relationships between each location;

directing the reaction means to a plurality of desired locations near said working surface using desired positioner information;

sensing the locations where the reaction means is directed;

causing said plurality of known locations and said desired locations to be substantially coincident;

receiving data representing a cross-section of the three-dimensional object to be formed wherein the data represents desired spatial relationships between a plurality of points to be solidified;

using said known spatial relationships and said desired positioner information to map the data which represents desired spatial relationships between the plurality of points to be exposed to derive necessary positioner information to accurately position the reaction means onto the working surface.

22. In a machine for the production of a three-dimensional object from a medium capable of selected physical transformation when exposed to a reaction means operating in a prescribed manner upon a designated working surface of the medium defining a working region of the machine to form successive laminae forming the object, the improvement of an apparatus for calibrating and normalizing the machine prior to operation of the machine to make the three-dimensional object, comprising:

means for defining a number of known locations near the working surface with known spatial relationships between each location;

means for directing the reaction means to a plurality of desired locations near said working surface using desired positioner information;

means for sensing the locations where the reaction means is directed;

means for causing said plurality of known locations and said desired locations to be substantially coincident;

means for receiving data representing a cross-section of the three-dimensional object to be formed wherein the data represents desired spatial relationships between a plurality of points to be solidified;

means for using said known spatial relationships and said desired positioner information to map the data which represents desired spatial relationships between the plurality of points to be exposed to derive necessary positioner information to accurately position the reaction means onto the working surface.