Human cerebral cortex neural prosthetic

• US 5,496,369 A
• Filed: 02/09/1994
• Issued: 03/05/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 02/09/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Iowa State University Research Foundation Incorporated (Iowa State University)
• Original Assignee: University of Iowa Research Foundation
• Inventors: Howard, Matthew A. III
• Primary Examiner(s): Green, Randall L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): ZUTTARELLI, ANTHONY
• Application Number:
  US08/194,017
• Time in Patent Office: 755 Days
• Field of Search: 623/10-12, 623/16, 623/24-25, 623/66
• US Class Current: 623/10
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 11/00 Methods or devices for treatment of the ears or hearing sense implantable prostheses that substitute or replace internal ear parts, e.g. ear-drums, A61F2/18; methods or devices to cause a change in the state of auditory consciousness A61M21/00; electrotherapy applying electrical stimulation of the auditory system, or circuits therefor A61N1/36; radiotherapy using optical stimulation of the auditory system A61N5/06; electro-acoustic hearing aids H04R25/00; Non-electric hearing aids; Methods or devices for enabling ear patients to achieve auditory perception through physiological senses other than hearing sense; Protective devices for the ears, carried on the body or in the hand headwear, e.g. caps or helmets, with means for protecting the ears A42B1/0188, A42B3/16
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 11/04 Methods or devices for enabling ear patients to achieve auditory perception through physiological senses other than hearing sense, e.g. through the touch sense electronic stimulation of auditory nerves A61N1/36036
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/05 for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode A61N1/06 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0529 Electrodes for brain stimulation
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0531 Brain cortex electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0539 Anchoring of brain electrode systems, e.g. within burr hole
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0541 Cochlear electrodes

Abstract

A neural prosthetic device for a primary auditory cortex of a patient includes a speech processor for receiving and processing audio information and for outputting processed electrical signals and a support arranged in said primary auditory cortex having a plurality of electrical contacts. The support is arranged in the patient'"'"'s primary auditory cortex and each of the plurality of electrical contacts independently outputs electrical discharges in accordance with the processed electrical signals. The plurality of electrical contacts are arranged to approximately tonotopically match the primary auditory cortex.

Claims

1. A neural prosthetic device for a primary auditory cortex of a patient, comprising:

a speech processor for receiving and processing audio information and for outputting processed electrical signals;

a mechanical support arranged in said primary auditory cortex supporting a plurality of electrical contacts, said mechanical support being arranged in said primary auditory cortex and each of said plurality of electrical contacts outputting electrical discharges corresponding to said processed electrical signals; and

electrical coupling means for electrically coupling said electrical contacts to said speech processor.

2. The neural prosthetic apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said mechanical support is arranged in said primary auditory cortex and said plurality of electrical contacts are arranged such that each of said plurality of electrical contacts stimulate geometrically separate locations of said primary auditory cortex.

3. The neural prosthetic apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said electrical coupling means comprises a plurality of leads respectively coupled to said plurality of electrical contacts.

4. The neural prosthetic apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said mechanical support is a rod.

5. The neural prosthetic apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said electrical contacts are approximately uniformly arranged along said mechanical support.

6. The neural prosthetic apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said electrical contacts are spaced approximately 50 to 150 micrometers apart.

7. The neural prosthetic apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said mechanical support is a flexible mechanical support, further comprising a rigid tube, said flexible mechanical support being inserted in said rigid tube to aid insertion of said mechanical support in said primary auditory cortex.

8. The neural prosthetic apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:

at least one additional mechanical support tonotopically arranged in said primary auditory cortex, said at least one additional mechanical support supporting an additional plurality of electrical contacts, each of said additional plurality of electrical contacts outputting additional electrical discharges corresponding to said processed electrical signals, and said electrical coupling means further electrically coupling said additional electrical contacts to said speech processor.

9. The neural prosthetic apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said electrical contacts are approximately uniformly arranged along said mechanical support.

10. The neural prosthetic apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a stopping piece for holding said mechanical support in place.

11. The neural prosthetic apparatus as claimed in claim 10, further comprising a sphere connected to said electrical coupling means, and said stopping piece having a cup for holding said sphere.

12. The neural prosthetic apparatus as claimed in claim 11, further comprising a lid for covering said sphere once said mechanical support is inserted in said primary cerebral cortex.

13. The neural prosthetic apparatus as claimed in claim 12, wherein said lid has a notch for passing said electrical coupling means.

14. A neural prosthetic apparatus for a primary auditory cortex of a patient, comprising:

a speech processor for receiving and processing audio information and for outputting processed electrical signals;

a mechanical support tonotopically arranged along said primary auditory cortex supporting a plurality of electrical contacts approximately uniformly arranged along said mechanical support about 50 to 150 micrometers apart, each of said plurality of electrical contacts independently outputting electrical discharges corresponding to said processed electrical signals; and

electrical coupling means for electrical coupling said electrical contacts to said speech processor.

15. The neural prosthetic apparatus as claimed in claim 14, further comprising a stopping piece for holding said mechanical support in place.

16. In a neural prosthetic device having a mechanical support for arrangement in a primary auditory cortex of a patient, a method of implanting the mechanical support, comprising the steps of:

acquiring a 3 dimensional digital image of the patient'"'"'s brain and storing said 3 dimensional image in a memory of a computer;

digitally subtracting data from said 3 dimensional digital image to yield a modified 3 dimensional digital image which shows the orientation of said primary auditory cortex in the patient'"'"'s brain; and

inserting said mechanical support into said primary auditory cortex using said modified 3 dimensional digital image as a guide.

17. The method as claimed in claim 16, further comprising the steps of:

repeatedly outputting said processed electrical signals to said plurality of electrical contacts; and

adjusting the orientation of said mechanical support in said primary auditory cortex as the patient describes effects of said repeatedly outputting step.

18. The method as claimed in claim 17, wherein said repeatedly outputting step comprises outputting signals which cause said primary auditory cortex to be stimulated at geometrically separate locations corresponding to separate auditory tones.