Method and apparatus for improved auto-correlation and range correlation in pseudo-random noise coded systems

• US 5,497,160 A
• Filed: 09/17/1993
• Issued: 03/05/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 09/17/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: General Dynamics Decision Systems, Inc. (General Dynamics Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Koehler, Thomas F., Willis, Carl M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Sotomayor, John B.
• Application Number:
  US08/123,508
• Time in Patent Office: 900 Days
• Field of Search: 342/145, 342/127, 342/131, 342/132, 342/135, 342/189, 342/203, 342/159
• US Class Current: 342/145
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/12 wherein the pulse-recurrence frequency is varied to provide a desired time relationship between the transmission of a pulse and the receipt of the echo of a preceding pulse
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/325 using transmission of coded signals, e.g. P.S.K. signals
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/536 using transmission of continuous unmodulated waves, amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated waves

Abstract

A method and apparatus is disclosed for improved out-of-range rejection in pseudo-random noise (PN) coded systems by adjusting the relative phase difference between the two phase states of a bi-phase modulation. The energy in the spectral lines of the bi-phase modulated RF signal to generate a signal to be fedback to a voltage-controlled bi-phase modulator to adjust the relative phase difference between the two phase states. Sampled signals are mixed down to baseband using single sideband suppressed carrier modulation of the center frequency of the transmitted signal and the offset frequency. The offset frequency is chosen to be less than the PN code repetition frequency. The baseband signal is filtered and envelop detected producing a DC voltage proportional to the amplitude of the center line of the PN spectrum which is compared to either a fixed reference or to the amplitude of one or more of the remaining lines in the spectrum. The comparison provides an error signal adjusting the phase of the bi-phase modulator providing improved out-of-range rejection.

Claims

1. A method for improving autocorrelation in a pseudo-random noise coded system, comprising the steps of:

phase modulating a carrier frequency with a pseudo-random noise code sequence to produce a phase modulated carrier frequency, said phase modulated carrier frequency having two phase states, said phase states having a relative phase difference of approximately one-hundred eighty degrees;

transmitting a transmit signal that includes said phase modulated carrier frequency;

adjusting said relative phase difference between said two phase states of said phase modulated carrier frequency based on a magnitude of a center spectral line of said transmit signal to maintain a predetermined phase offset from said relative phase difference; and

correlating a received signal with a reference signal that has spectral characteristics of said pseudo-random noise code sequence.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising the steps of:

receiving said received signal, said received signal including a Doppler shifted version of said transmit signal;

generating said reference signal by phase modulating said carrier frequency with a second pseudo-random noise code sequence, said reference signal having two phase states that have a second relative phase difference of approximately one-hundred eighty degrees, said second pseudo-random noise code sequence being a delayed version of said pseudo-random noise code sequence; and

adjusting said second relative phase difference between said two phase states of said reference signal based on a magnitude of a center spectral line of said reference signal to maintain a second predetermined phase offset from said second relative phase difference.

3. A method as claimed in claim 2 further comprising the step of:

sampling said phase modulated carrier frequency to generate an error signal, and

wherein;

the adjusting said relative phase difference step further comprises the step of adjusting said relative phase difference based on said error signal,

and wherein said pseudo-random noise code sequence has a spectrum comprised of a plurality of spectral lines including said center spectral line, each spectral line of said plurality having a magnitude, and

said sampling step additionally comprises the steps of;

mixing said phase modulated carrier frequency with a pilot signal to obtain a baseband signal;

filtering said baseband signal to produce a center line signal proportional to the magnitude of said center spectral line of said spectrum of said pseudo-random noise code sequence; and

comparing said center line signal to a reference voltage to produce said error signal.

4. A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein:

said predetermined phase offset is based in part by a code length of said pseudo-random noise code sequence, and wherein the adjusting said relative phase difference step includes the step of adjusting said relative phase difference to maintain said predetermined phase offset from said relative phase difference on said two phase states of said transmit signal, and

wherein the correlating step includes the step of combining said received signal with said reference signal.

5. A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein:

said phase modulating step additionally comprises the step of phase modulating said carrier frequency with said pseudo-random noise code sequence, said pseudo-random noise code sequence having a code repetition frequency, and

said mixing step additionally comprises the step of mixing said transmit signal with said pilot signal wherein said pilot signal is a single sideband suppressed carrier modulation of said carrier frequency and is offset from said carrier frequency by an offset frequency, said offset frequency being less than said code repetition frequency.

6. A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein said phase modulating step additionally comprises the step of phase modulating said carrier frequency with a bi-phase modulator having means for phase modulating said carrier frequency to produce said two phase states, and wherein the generating step additionally comprises the step of phase modulating said carrier frequency with a second bi-phase modulator having means for modulating said carrier frequency to produce said two phase states of said reference signal.

7. A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein said comparing step additionally comprises the step of comparing said center line signal to said reference voltage, said reference voltage being generated from at least one spectral line of said plurality of spectral lines.

8. A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein said adjusting said relative phase difference step additionally comprises the step of adjusting said relative phase difference based on a difference in magnitude between said center spectral line and an adjacent spectral line of said plurality of spectral lines.

9. A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein said comparing step additionally comprises the step of comparing said center line signal to said reference voltage, said reference voltage being a fixed voltage.

10. A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein said comparing step additionally comprises the step of comparing said center line signal to said reference voltage, said reference voltage being generated by a subset of said plurality of spectral lines, said plurality including said center spectral line.

11. A method as claimed in claim 4 wherein said pseudo-random noise code sequence has a code length of 255 bits, and wherein:

said adjusting said relative phase difference step additionally comprises the step of adjusting said relative phase difference to include said predetermined phase offset, said predetermined phase offset being between approximately four and ten degrees, and

said adjusting said second relative phase difference step additionally comprises the step of adjusting said second relative phase difference to include said second predetermined phase offset, said second predetermined phase offset being between approximately four and ten degrees.

12. A method as claimed in claim 4 wherein said pseudo-random noise code sequence has a code length of L bits, and wherein:

said adjusting said relative phase difference step additionally comprises the step of adjusting said relative phase difference to include said predetermined phase offset, said predetermined phase offset being approximately arc-cosine(L-1/L+1) degrees, and

said adjusting said second relative phase difference step additionally comprises the step of adjusting said second relative phase difference to include said second predetermined phase offset, said second predetermined phase offset being approximately arc-cosine(L-1/L+1) degrees.

13. A method as claimed in claim 12 wherein further comprising the step of generating said pseudo-random noise code sequence, said pseudo-random noise code sequence being a periodic maximal length binary code sequence.

14. A method of improving out of range rejection in a pseudo-random noise coded system comprising the steps of:

sampling a transmitted signal comprised of a carrier frequency phase modulated with a first pseudo-random noise code sequence, said first pseudo-random noise code sequence having two phase states with a first relative phase difference, the sampling step producing a sampled transmitted signal;

generating a first error signal based on said sampled transmitted signal;

adjusting said first relative phase difference between said two phase states of said first pseudo-random noise code sequence based on said first error signal to maintain a first predetermined phase offset from said first relative phase difference, said first predetermined phase offset based on a code length of said first pseudo-random noise code sequence; and

combining a received signal with a reference signal having a spectral characteristic of said first pseudo-random noise code sequence to obtain a correlation range response.

15. A method as claimed in claim 14 further comprising the steps of:

receiving said received signal, said received signal including a Doppler shifted version of said transmitted signal;

generating said reference signal by phase modulating said carrier frequency with a second pseudo-random noise code sequence, said second pseudo-random noise code sequence being a delayed version of said first pseudo-random noise code sequence and having two phase states with a second relative phase difference;

sampling said reference signal to produce a sampled reference signal;

generating a second error signal based on said sampled reference signal; and

adjusting said second relative phase difference between said two phase states of said reference signal based on said second error signal to maintain a second predetermined phase offset from said second relative phase difference.

16. A method as claimed in claim 15 wherein the combining step further comprises the steps of:

mixing said received signal with said reference signal to produce an output signal; and

filtering said output signal to obtain said correlation range response, and wherein

the sampled transmitted signal is comprised of first spectral lines including a first center spectral line and first adjacent spectral lines,

the step of generating said first error signal further comprises the step of generating said first error signal based on a difference in magnitude between said first center spectral line and said first adjacent spectral lines,

the sampled reference signal is comprised of second spectral lines including a second center spectral line and second adjacent spectral lines, and

the step of generating said second error signal further comprises the step of generating said second error signal based on a difference in magnitude between said second center spectral line and said second adjacent spectral lines.

17. A pseudo-random noise coded system for improving discrimination between returns from a target and returns from clutter comprising;

an radio frequency generator for generating a carrier frequency;

a transmit bi-phase modulator for generating a transmit signal comprised of said carrier frequency phase modulated with a first pseudo-random noise coded sequence, said transmit bi-phase modulator coupled to said radio frequency generator and having a transmit phase control port and a transmit output port;

a transmit antenna for transmitting said transmit signal and coupled to said transmit output port of said bi-phase modulator;

a receive bi-phase modulator for generating a reference signal comprised of said carrier frequency phase modulated with a second pseudo-random noise coded sequence, said second pseudo-random noise coded sequence being a delayed version of said first pseudo-random noise coded sequence, said receive bi-phase modulator coupled to said radio frequency generator and having a receive phase control port and a receive output port;

a receive antenna for receiving a received signal, said received signal being a Doppler shifted version of said transmit signal; and

a correlator for producing a Doppler frequency from said received signal and said reference signal, said correlator having first, second and third ports, said first port coupled to said receive bi-phase modulator, said receive antenna coupled to said second port of said correlator.

18. A pseudo-random noise coded system as claimed in claim 17 wherein said transmit bi-phase modulator has a transmit phase control port for adjusting a first amount of relative phase difference between two code states of said first pseudo-random noise coded sequence, said receive phase control port for adjusting a second amount of relative phase difference between two code states of said second pseudo-random noise coded sequence, said pseudo-random noise coded system further comprising:

a transmit feedback control loop coupled to said transmit phase control port for sampling said transmit signal and providing a first error signal to said transmit phase control port, said first error signal adjusting said first amount of relative phase difference; and

a receive feedback control loop coupled to said receive phase control port for sampling said reference signal and providing a second error signal to said receive phase control port, said second error signal adjusting said second amount of relative phase difference.

19. A pseudo-random noise coded system as claimed in claim 18 wherein said pseudo-random noise coded sequence has a spectrum comprised of a plurality of spectral lines including a center spectral line, and wherein said transmit feedback control loop comprises:

a mixing element for mixing a pilot signal with a sampled transmit signal to provide a baseband signal, said mixing element having an output port;

a spectral line filter for filtering said baseband signal producing said center line of said spectrum, said spectral line filter coupled to said output port of said mixing element;

a detector coupled to said spectral line filter for producing a center line signal proportional to said center spectral line of said spectrum; and

a comparator coupled to said detector for comparing said center line signal to an internal reference signal, said comparator generating said first error signal for adjusting said first amount of relative phase difference.

20. A pseudo-random noise coded system as claimed in claim 17 further comprising:

a mixing element for mixing a pilot signal with a sampled reference signal to provide a baseband signal, said mixing element having an output port;

a spectral line filter for filtering said baseband signal producing said center line of said spectrum, said spectral line filter coupled to said output port of said mixing element;

a detector coupled to said spectral line filter for producing a center line signal proportional to said center line of said spectrum; and

a comparator coupled to said detector for comparing said center line signal to a reference signal, said comparator generating said second error signal for adjusting said second amount of relative phase difference.

21. A pseudo-random noise coded system as claimed in claim 19 wherein said internal reference signal is generated from at least one spectral line of said plurality of spectral lines.

22. A pseudo-random noise coded system as claimed in claim 18 wherein said pseudo-random noise coded sequence is a periodic maximal length binary code sequence having a code repetition frequency, and wherein said pilot signal is a single sideband suppressed carrier modulation offset from said carrier frequency by an offset frequency, said offset frequency being less than said code repetition frequency.

23. A pseudo-random noise coded system as claimed in claim 18 wherein said pseudo-random noise coded sequence has a code length of 255 bits, and said transmit feedback control loop and said receive feedback control loop independently adjusts said first and second amounts of relative phase difference between approximately four and ten degrees.

24. A pseudo-random noise coded system as claimed in claim 18 wherein said pseudo-random noise coded sequence has a code length of L bits, and said transmit feedback control loop and said receive feedback control loop independently adjusts said first and second amounts of relative phase difference approximately arc-cosine(L-1/L+1) degrees.

25. A pseudo-random noise coded system for improving discrimination between returns from a target and returns from clutter comprising:

a transmit bi-phase modulator for generating a transmit signal comprised of a carrier frequency phase modulated with a first pseudo-random noise (PN) code sequence, said first PN code sequence having two code states resulting in two phase states of said transmit signal that have a first relative phase difference of approximately one-hundred eighty degrees;

a transmit feedback control loop for sampling said transmit signal and producing a transmit feedback signal based on a magnitude of spectral lines of said transmit signal, and wherein

said transmit bi-phase modulator has means for adjusting said first relative phase difference based on said transmit feedback signal to maintain a first predetermined phase offset from said first relative phase difference of said two phase states; and

a correlator for combining a received signal with a reference signal to obtaining a correlation range response, said reference signal including said carrier frequency phase modulated with a second PN code sequence, said second PN code sequence being a delayed version of said first PN code sequence.

26. A pseudo-random noise coded system as claimed in claim 25 further comprising:

a receive bi-phase modulator for generating said reference signal, said second PN code sequence having two code states resulting in two phase states that have a second relative phase difference of approximately one-hundred eighty degrees; and

a receive feedback control loop for sampling said reference signal and producing a reference feedback signal based on a magnitude of spectral lines of said reference signal and wherein

said correlator further produces a Doppler frequency from said received signal and said reference signal, said received signal being a Doppler shifted version of said transmit signal, and

wherein said receive bi-phase modulator has means for adjusting said second relative phase difference based on said reference feedback signal to maintain a second predetermined phase offset from said second relative phase difference of said two phase states of said second PN code sequence.