Signal processing for chemical analysis of samples
First Claim
1. Apparatus for determining the analyte content of a sample, the apparatus comprising:
- (a) a signal generator for generating a first input signal having a first wavelength, and a second input signal having a second wavelength, the two wavelengths differing by at least about 3 nanometers;
(b) a means for directing the first and second input signals to a sample containing an analyte to generate, respectively, a first output signal and a second output signal due to interactions between the input signals and the analyte,wherein the first output signal comprises;
(i) a first resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is substantially independent of the wavelength of the first input signal and (ii) a first non-resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is dependent upon the wavelength of the first input signal, andwherein the second output signal comprises;
(i) a second resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is substantially independent of the wavelength of the second input signal, and (ii) a second non-resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is dependent on the wavelength of the second input signal;
(c) a detector for detecting the first and second output signals; and
(d) means for distinguishing the resonant output signals from the non-resonant output signals to obtain data about the analyte content of the sample.
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Abstract
A method and apparatus determines the analyte content of a sample by generating first and second input signals and directing the input signals to the sample. The input signals differ in wavelength by at least 3 nanometers. Due to the interaction between the input signals and the sample, first and second output signals are generated. Each output signal comprises a resonant signal whose peak wavelength is substantially independent of the wavelength of the respective input signal, and a non-resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is dependent upon the wavelength of respective input signal. A detector is used to detect the two output signals, and by distinguishing the resonant output signals from the non-resonant output signals, data about the analyte content of the sample is determined. Principal components regression analysis or multivariate quantitative analysis can be applied to the output signals, for the purpose of distinguishing between the resonant and non-resonant signals. The method and apparatus can also distinguish resonant output signals from each other, and non-resonant output signals from each other.
87 Citations
49 Claims
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1. Apparatus for determining the analyte content of a sample, the apparatus comprising:
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(a) a signal generator for generating a first input signal having a first wavelength, and a second input signal having a second wavelength, the two wavelengths differing by at least about 3 nanometers; (b) a means for directing the first and second input signals to a sample containing an analyte to generate, respectively, a first output signal and a second output signal due to interactions between the input signals and the analyte, wherein the first output signal comprises;
(i) a first resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is substantially independent of the wavelength of the first input signal and (ii) a first non-resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is dependent upon the wavelength of the first input signal, andwherein the second output signal comprises;
(i) a second resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is substantially independent of the wavelength of the second input signal, and (ii) a second non-resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is dependent on the wavelength of the second input signal;(c) a detector for detecting the first and second output signals; and (d) means for distinguishing the resonant output signals from the non-resonant output signals to obtain data about the analyte content of the sample. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
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21. Apparatus for determining the analyte content of a sample, the apparatus comprising:
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(a) a signal generator for generating a first input signal having a first wavelength, and a second input signal having a second wavelength, the two wavelengths differing by at least about 3 nanometers; (b) a means for directing the first and second input signals to a sample containing an analyte to generate, respectively, a first output signal and a second output signal due to interactions between the input signals and the analyte, wherein the first output signal comprises;
(i) a first resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is substantially independent of the wavelength of the first input signal, and (ii) a first non-resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is dependent on the wavelength of the first input signal, andwherein the second output signal comprises;
(i) a second resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is substantially independent of the wavelength of the second input signal, and (ii) a second non-resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is dependent on the wavelength of the second input signal, and(c) a detector for detecting the first and second output signals; and (d) means for distinguishing the first resonant output signal from the second resonant output signal to obtain data about the analyte content of the sample. - View Dependent Claims (22, 23, 24)
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25. Apparatus for determining the analyte content of a sample, the apparatus comprising:
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(a) a signal generator for generating a first input signal having a first wavelength, and a second input signal having a second wavelength, the two wavelengths differing by at least about 3 nanometers; (b) a means for directing the first and second input signals to a sample containing an analyte to generate, respectively, a first output signal and a second output signal due to interactions between the input signals and the analyte, wherein the first output signal comprises;
(i) a first resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is substantially independent of the wavelength of the first input signal, and (ii) a first non-resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is dependent on the wavelength of the first input signal, andwherein the second output signal comprises;
(i) a second resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is substantially independent of the wavelength of the second input signal, and (ii) a second non-resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is dependent on the wavelength of the second input signal, and(c) a detector for detecting the first and second output signals; and (d) means for distinguishing the first non-resonant output signal from the second non-resonant output signal to obtain data about the analyte content of the sample. - View Dependent Claims (26)
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27. A method for determining the analyte content of a sample, the method comprising the steps of:
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(a) generating a first input signal having a first wavelength, and a second input signal having a second wavelength, the two wavelengths differing by at least about 3 nanometers; (b) directing the first and second input signals to a sample containing an analyte to generate, respectively, a first output signal and a second output signal due to interactions between the input signals and the analyte, wherein the first output signal comprises;
(i) a first resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is substantially independent of the wavelength of the first input signal and (ii) a first non-resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is dependent upon the wavelength of the first input signal, andwherein the second output signal comprises;
(i) a second resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is substantially independent of the wavelength of the second input signal, and (ii) a second non-resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is dependent on the wavelength of the second input signal;(c) detecting the first and the second output signals; and (d) distinguishing the resonant output signals from the non-resonant output signals to obtain data about the analyte content of the sample. - View Dependent Claims (28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43)
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44. A method for determining the analyte content of a sample, the method comprising the steps of:
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(a) generating a first input signal having a first wavelength, and a second input signal having a second wavelength, the two wavelengths differing by at least about 3 nanometers; (b) directing the first and second input signals to a sample containing an analyte to generate, respectively, a first output signal and a second output signal due to interactions between the input signals and the analyte, wherein the first output signal comprises;
(i) a first resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is substantially independent of the wavelength of the first input signal, and (ii) a first non-resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is dependent on the wavelength of the first input signal, andwherein the second output signal comprises;
(i) a second resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is substantially independent of the wavelength of the second input signal, and (ii) a second non-resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is dependent on the wavelength of the second input signal, and(c) detecting the first and second output signals; and (d) distinguishing the first resonant output signal from the second resonant output signal to obtain data about the analyte content of the sample. - View Dependent Claims (45, 46, 47)
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48. A method for determining the analyte content of a sample, the method comprising the steps of:
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(a) generating a first input signal having a first wavelength, and a second input signal having a second wavelength, the two wavelengths differing by at least about 3 nanometers; (b) directing the first and second input signals to a sample containing an analyte to generate, respectively, a first output signal and a second output signal due to interactions between the input signals and the analyte, wherein the first output signal comprises;
(i) a first resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is substantially independent of the wavelength of the first input signal, and (ii) a first non-resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is dependent on the wavelength of the first input signal, andwherein the second output signal comprises;
(i) a second resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is substantially independent of the wavelength of the second input signal, and (ii) a second non-resonant output signal whose peak wavelength is dependent on the wavelength of the second input signal, and(c) detecting the first and second output signals; and (d) distinguishing the first non-resonant output signal from the second non-resonant output signal to obtain data about the analyte content of the sample. - View Dependent Claims (49)
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Specification