Optical compensator for improved gray scale performance in liquid crystal display

• US 5,504,603 A
• Filed: 04/04/1994
• Issued: 04/02/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 04/04/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Teledyne Scientific & Imaging, LLC (Teledyne Technologies Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Rockwell International Corporation
• Inventors: Hale, Leonard G., Gunning, William J. III, Winker, Bruce K., Taber, Donald B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Gross, Anita Pellman
• Assistant Examiner(s): Dudek, James A.
• Application Number:
  US08/223,251
• Time in Patent Office: 729 Days
• Field of Search: 359/73, 359/53
• US Class Current: 349/117
• CPC Class Codes: C23C 14/226 in order to form films with columnar structure
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/3083 Birefringent or phase retarding elements G02B5/3008, G02B5/3016 take precedence; systems for polarisation control G02B27/286; manufacturing phase modulating patterns by lithographic processes G03F7/001
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/133632 with refractive index ellipsoid inclined relative to the LC-layer surface
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/133634 the refractive index Nz perpendicular to the element surface being different from in-plane refractive indices Nx and Ny, e.g. biaxial or with normal optical axis
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/133636 with twisted orientation, e.g. comprising helically oriented LC-molecules or a plurality of twisted birefringent sublayers
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2413/105 with varying inclination in thickness direction, e.g. hybrid oriented discotic LC

Abstract

A liquid crystal display for viewing at various angles with respect to a normal axis perpendicular to the display includes a polarizer layer having an absorbing axis, an analyzer layer having an absorbing axis substantially perpendicular to the absorbing axis of the polarizer layer, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the polarizer layer and the analyzer layer and having a director exhibiting an azimuthal twist through the layer with respect to the normal axis, a first electrode proximate to a first major surface of the liquid crystal layer, a second electrode proximate to a second major surface of the liquid crystal layer, the first and second electrodes being adapted to apply a voltage across the liquid crystal layer when the electrodes are connected to a source of electrical potential, and a compensator, including a positively birefringent O-plate compensator layer disposed between the polarizer layer and the analyzer layer with its principal symmetry axis oriented at a substantially oblique angle with respect to the normal axis.

Claims

1. A liquid crystal display for viewing at various angles with respect to a normal axis perpendicular to the display, comprising:

a polarizer layer having an absorbing axis;

an analyzer layer having an absorbing axis substantially perpendicular to the absorbing axis of the polarizer layer;

a liquid crystal layer disposed between the polarizer layer and the analyzer layer and having a director exhibiting an azimuthal twist through the layer with respect to the normal axis;

a first electrode proximate to a first major surface of the liquid crystal layer;

a second electrode proximate to a second major surface of the liquid crystal layer, the first and second electrodes being adapted to apply a voltage across the liquid crystal layer when the electrodes are connected to a source of electrical potential; and

a compensator, including a positively birefringent O-plate compensator layer disposed between the polarizer layer and the analyzer layer with its principal symmetry axis oriented at a substantially oblique angle of between 25 and 65 degrees with respect to the normal axis.

2. The liquid crystal display of claim 1, wherein the principal symmetry axis of the O-plate layer is further oriented approximately perpendicular to the orientation of the average liquid crystal director in the central region of the liquid crystal layer at a voltage in the gray scale transition region of the BV curve for the liquid crystal layer.

3. The liquid crystal display of claim 1, wherein the principal symmetry axis of the O-plate layer is further oriented at an angle with respect to the normal axis that is approximately equal to the orientation angle with respect to the normal axis of the average liquid crystal director in the central region of the liquid crystal layer at a voltage in the gray scale transition region of the BV curve for the liquid crystal layer and wherein the azimuthal orientation of the principal symmetry axis of the O-plate layer about the normal axis is rotated approximately 180°

with respect to the azimuthal orientation of the average liquid crystal director.

4. The liquid crystal display of claim 1, wherein the compensator further comprises a positively birefringent A-plate compensator layer disposed between the polarizer layer and the analyzer layer, the A-plate layer being oriented with its optic axis relative to the optic axis of the O-plate layer such that retardation of light passing through the compensator at normal incidence is minimized.

5. The liquid crystal display of claim 1, wherein the compensator further comprises a negatively birefringent C-plate compensator layer disposed between the polarizer layer and the analyzer layer.

6. The liquid crystal display of claim 1, wherein:

the O-plate layer further comprises a first positively birefringent O-plate compensator layer; and

wherein the compensator further comprises;

a second positively birefringent O-plate compensator layer disposed between the polarizer layer and the analyzer layer with its optic axis oriented at a substantially oblique angle with respect to the normal axis and such that the azimuth angles of the first and second O-plate layers are crossed.

7. A liquid crystal display for viewing at various angles with respect to a normal axis perpendicular to the display, comprising:

a polarizer layer having an absorbing axis;

an analyzer layer having an absorbing axis substantially perpendicular to the absorbing axis of the polarizer layer;

a liquid crystal layer disposed between the polarizer layer and the analyzer layer and having a director exhibiting an azimuthal twist through the layer with respect to the normal axis;

a first electrode proximate to a first major surface of the liquid crystal layer;

a second electrode proximate to a second major surface of the liquid crystal layer, the first and second electrodes being adapted to apply a voltage across the liquid crystal layer when the electrodes are connected to a source of electrical potential; and

a compensator, including;

a positively birefringent O-plate compensator layer disposed between the polarizer layer and the analyzer layer with its optic axis oriented at a substantially oblique angle of between 25 and 65 degrees with respect to the normal axis; and

a positively birefringent A-plate compensator layer disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the O-plate layer, the A-plate layer being oriented with its optic axis relative to the optic axis of the O-plate layer such that retardation of light passing through the compensator at normal incidence is minimized.

8. A liquid crystal display for viewing at various angles with respect to a normal axis perpendicular to the display, comprising:

a polarizer layer having an absorbing axis;

an analyzer layer having an absorbing axis substantially perpendicular to the absorbing axis of the polarizer layer;

a liquid crystal layer disposed between the polarizer layer and the analyzer layer and having a director exhibiting an azimuthal twist through the layer with respect to the normal axis;

a first electrode proximate to a first major surface of the liquid crystal layer;

a second electrode proximate to a second major surface of the liquid crystal layer, the first and second electrodes being adapted to apply a voltage across the liquid crystal layer when the electrodes are connected to a source of electrical potential; and

a compensator, including;

a positively birefringent O-plate compensator layer disposed between the polarizer layer and the liquid crystal layer with its optic axis oriented at a substantially oblique angle of between 25 and 65 degrees with respect to the normal axis;

a first positively birefringent A-plate compensator layer disposed between the polarizer layer and the O-plate layer; and

a second positively birefringent A-plate compensator layer disposed between the O-plate layer and the liquid crystal layer, the first and second A-plate layers being oriented with their optic axes relative to the optic axis of the O-plate layer such that retardation of light passing through the compensator at normal incidence is minimized.

9. A liquid crystal display for viewing at various angles with respect to a normal axis perpendicular to the display, comprising:

a polarizer layer having an absorbing axis;

an analyzer layer having an absorbing axis substantially perpendicular to the absorbing axis of the polarizer layer;

a liquid crystal layer disposed between the polarizer layer and the analyzer layer and having a director exhibiting an azimuthal twist through the layer with respect to the normal axis;

a first electrode proximate to a first major surface of the liquid crystal layer;

a second electrode proximate to a second major surface of the liquid crystal layer, the first and second electrodes being adapted to apply a voltage across the liquid crystal layer when the electrodes are connected to a source of electrical potential; and

a compensator, including;

a positively birefringent O-plate compensator layer disposed between the polarizer layer and the liquid crystal layer with its optic axis oriented at a substantially oblique angle of between 25 and 65 degrees with respect to the normal axis;

a first positively birefringent A-plate compensator layer disposed between the O-plate layer and the liquid crystal layer; and

a second positively birefringent A-plate compensator layer disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the analyzer layer, the first and second A-plate layers being oriented with their optic axes relative to the optic axis of the O-plate layer such that retardation of light passing through the compensator at normal incidence is minimized.

10. A liquid crystal display for viewing at various angles with respect to a normal axis perpendicular to the display, comprising:

a polarizer layer having an absorbing axis;

an analyzer layer having an absorbing axis substantially perpendicular to the absorbing axis of the polarizer layer;

a liquid crystal layer disposed between the polarizer layer and the analyzer layer and having a director exhibiting an azimuthal twist through the layer with respect to the normal axis;

a first electrode proximate to a first major surface of the liquid crystal layer;

a second electrode proximate to a second major surface of the liquid crystal layer, the first and second electrodes being adapted to apply a voltage across the liquid crystal layer when the electrodes are connected to a source of electrical potential; and

a compensator, including;

a positively birefringent O-plate compensator layer disposed between the polarizer layer and the liquid crystal layer with its optic axis oriented at a substantially oblique angle with respect to the normal axis;

a positively birefringent A-plate compensator layer disposed between the O-plate layer and the liquid crystal layer, the A-plate layer being oriented with its optic axis relative to the optic axis of the O-plate layer such that retardation of light passing through the compensator at normal incidence is minimized; and

a negatively birefringent C-plate compensator layer disposed between the A-plate layer and the liquid crystal layer.

11. A liquid crystal display for viewing at various angles with respect to a normal axis perpendicular to the display, comprising:

a polarizer layer having an absorbing axis;

an analyzer layer having an absorbing axis substantially perpendicular to the absorbing axis of the polarizer layer;

a liquid crystal layer disposed between the polarizer layer and the analyzer layer and having a director exhibiting an azimuthal twist through the layer with respect to the normal axis;

a first electrode proximate to a first major surface of the liquid crystal layer;

a second electrode proximate to a second major surface of the liquid crystal layer, the first and second electrodes being adapted to apply a voltage across the liquid crystal layer when the electrodes are connected to a source of electrical potential; and

a compensator, including;

a first positively birefringent O-plate compensator layer disposed between the polarizer layer and the liquid crystal layer with its optic axis oriented at a substantially oblique angle with respect to the normal axis;

a second positively birefringent O-plate compensator layer disposed between the first O-plate layer and the liquid crystal layer, with its optical axis oriented at a substantially oblique angle with respect to the normal axis and such that the azimuth angles of the first and second O-plate layers are crossed;

a first positively birefringent A-plate compensator layer disposed between the polarizer layer and the first O-plate layer; and

a second positively birefringent A-plate compensator layer disposed between the second O-plate layer and the liquid crystal layer, the first and second A-plate layers being oriented with their optic axes relative to the optic axis of the O-plate compensator layer such that retardation of light passing through the compensator at normal incidence is minimized.

12. A liquid crystal display for viewing at various angles with respect to a normal axis perpendicular to the display, comprising:

a polarizer layer having an absorbing axis;

an analyzer layer having an absorbing axis substantially perpendicular to the absorbing axis of the polarizer layer;

a liquid crystal layer disposed between the polarizer layer and the analyzer layer and having a director exhibiting an azimuthal twist through the layer with respect to the normal axis;

a first electrode proximate to a first major surface of the liquid crystal layer;

a second electrode proximate to a second major surface of the liquid crystal layer, the first and second electrodes being adapted to apply a voltage across the liquid crystal layer when the electrodes are connected to a source of electrical potential; and

a compensator, including;

a first positively birefringent O-plate compensator layer disposed between the polarizer layer and the liquid crystal layer with its optic axis oriented at a substantially oblique angle with respect to the normal axis;

a second positively birefringent O-plate compensator layer disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the analyzer layer with its optic axis oriented at a substantially oblique angle with respect to the normal axis;

a positively birefringent A-plate compensator layer disposed between the polarizer layer and the first O-plate layer, the A-plate layer being oriented with its optic axis relative to the optic axis of the first O-plate layer such that retardation of light passing through the compensator at normal incidence is minimized; and

a first negatively birefringent C-plate compensator layer disposed between the first O-plate layer and the liquid crystal layer; and

a second negatively birefringent C-plate compensator layer disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the second O-plate layer.