System for effective control of urban environment security

• US 5,504,717 A
• Filed: 05/27/1994
• Issued: 04/02/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 05/27/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Foster-Miller Incorporated (Thermo Fisher Scientific Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Alliant Techsystems Incorporated (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Inventors: Page, Edward A., Belt, Ronald A., Doblar, Randy A., Bothwell, Frank E., Sharkey, J. Brian
• Primary Examiner(s): Lobo, Ian J.
• Application Number:
  US08/250,743
• Time in Patent Office: 676 Days
• Field of Search: 367/124, 367/129, 367/906, 367/118
• US Class Current: 367/124
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/801 Details G01S3/82, G01S3/84, G01S3/86 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/808 using transducers spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/8086 determining other position line of source
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 1/001 Acoustic presence detection
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/1672 using sonic detecting means, e.g. a microphone operating in the audio frequency range
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 367/906 Airborne shock-wave detection

Abstract

A security system for detecting and reporting gunshot events for control of urban environment security which includes a communication link coupled to a plurality of pole units arranged in a dense grid. Each of the plurality of pole units includes a microphone, a data acquisition unit coupled to said microphone, a signal processor for discriminating gunshot events, and a communication interface apparatus coupled at an input to the signal processor. The communication interface also has an output coupled to the communication link, where the communication interface transmits and receives data on the communication link. A central processor is coupled to the communication link so as to receive data from and transmit data to the plurality of pole units. The central processor and the plurality of pole units operate so as to detect and locate gunshot events sensed by one or more of the plurality of pole units.

Claims

1. A security system for detecting a gunshot event comprising:

(a) a communication link;

(b) a plurality of pole units arranged in a dense grid, wherein each one of the plurality of pole units includes,

(i) a microphone,

(ii) an amplifier coupled to the microphone for receiving an acoustic signal from the microphone, the amplifier having an amplified output for carrying an amplified acoustic signal,

(iii) a first comparator having a first input coupled to the amplified output,

(iv) a reference signal coupled to a second input of the first comparator wherein the first comparator outputs a detection signal if the amplified output exceeds the reference signal,

(v) a peak background level averager having a first input connected to receive the amplified acoustic signal and having a peak background level averager output,

(vi) a divider having an input coupled to receive the amplified acoustic signal and having an output whereon a signal proportional to the amplified acoustic signal is impressed,

(vii) a second comparator having a first input connected to the peak background level averager output and a second input coupled to the output of the divider wherein the second comparator outputs a detection signal on a second comparator output where the proportional signal exceeds the peak background level averager signal,

(viii) logic for ANDING the first comparator output and the second comparator output so as to output a detection signal if both outputs indicate a candidate gunshot event has occurred,

(iv) a data acquisition and signal processing unit for discriminating gunshot events, and

(x) a communication interface coupled at an input to the data acquisition and signal processing unit, the communication interface also having an output coupled to the communication link, where the communication interface transmits and receives data on the communication link; and

(c) a central processor coupled to the communication link so as to receive data from the plurality of pole units where the central processor and the plurality of pole units operate so as to detect and locate gunshot events sensed by one or more of the plurality of pole units.

2. The security system of claim 1 wherein the communication interface comprises a modem and a receiver/transmitter coupled to the communication link.

3. The security system of claim 1 wherein the central processor is coupled to communication links from the plurality of pole units so as to perform time-difference fixing to localize a gunshot event within a city block and support additional false alarm discrimination.

4. A method for discriminating and reporting a gunshot event from an acoustic signal comprising the steps of:

(a) detecting an acoustic signal;

(b) providing a detection pulse when the acoustic signal exceeds a predetermined transient minimum amplitude;

(c) determining whether the acoustic signal exhibits an event duration less than a first predetermined time period;

(d) if the event duration is not less than the first predetermined time period, then analyzing a portion of the acoustic signal within a second predetermined time period following detection of the acoustic signal, including the steps of;

(i) determining whether a low amplitude gap feature exceeds a predetermined value, wherein the low amplitude gap feature comprises a statistical measure of a number and duration of gaps in the acoustic signal,

(ii) determining whether a frequency content feature exceeds a predetermined value, wherein the frequency content feature comprises a measure of a percentage of the acoustic signal above a predetermined frequency, or

(iii) determining whether a periodicity feature exceeds a predetermined value, wherein the periodicity feature comprises a measure of a dominant resonant frequency, and

(iv) if the low amplitude gap feature or the frequency content feature or the productivity feature are positive determinations then classifying the event as a non-gunshot event;

(e) if the event duration is less than the first predetermined time period, then measuring whether a first positive pulse in the acoustic signal is greater than a third predetermined time period;

(f) if the first positive pulse duration is less than the third predetermined time period classifying the acoustic signal as a non-gunshot event; and

(g) if the first positive pulse duration is greater than the third predetermined time period then classifying the acoustic signal as a gunshot or larger firework event.

5. The method of claim 4 further comprising the step of comparing a multiple pulse pattern for the acoustic event with stored rear acoustic detection signals to determine whether the acoustic event is a gunshot event.

6. The method of claim 4 further comprising the step of analyzing the acoustic event using energy estimation techniques so as to determine whether it is a gunshot event.

7. The method of claim 4 further comprising the step of analyzing the acoustic event using transient shape analysis techniques so as to determine whether it is a gunshot event.

8. The method of claim 4 further comprising the step of analyzing the acoustic event using rise time duration techniques so as to determine whether it is a gunshot event.

9. The method of claim 4 further comprising the step of comparing the acoustic event using high frequency spectral analysis and replica correlation techniques so as to determine whether it is a gunshot event.

10. The method of claim 4 further comprising the step of analyzing the acoustic event using bayes techniques so as to determine whether it is a gunshot event.

11. The method of claim 4 further comprising the step of analyzing the acoustic event in accordance with nearest neighbor techniques so as to determine whether it is a gunshot event.

12. The method of claim 4 further comprising the step of comparing the acoustic event in accordance with neural network techniques so as to determine whether it is a gunshot event.