Digital pulse width modulator with integrated test and control

• US 5,506,484 A
• Filed: 06/10/1994
• Issued: 04/09/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 06/10/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Northrop Grumman Corporation, Perfect Galaxy International Limited
• Original Assignee: Westinghouse Electric Company LLC (Brookfield Asset Management Incorporated)
• Inventors: Lansberry, Geoffrey B., Munro, James L., Herman, Beth A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Ro, Bentsu
• Application Number:
  US08/258,305
• Time in Patent Office: 669 Days
• Field of Search: 318/569, 318/599, 318/600, 318/601, 318/603, 318/138, 318/139, 318/254, 318/439, 318/811, 388/804, 388/809, 388/811, 388/819, 388/829
• US Class Current: 318/599
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/025 using field orientation; Vector control; Direct Torque Control [DTC]
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/08 using pulses
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/36 Temperature of vehicle components or parts
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0069 relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/51 characterised by AC-motors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/14 for vehicles propelled by ac motors
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/53873 with digital control
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 7/08 Duration or width modulation ; Duty cycle modulation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

A pulse width modulator (PWM) circuit for generating pulses to enable a driver control unit to drive a pair of switching circuits for an electric motor including an input section for receiving an N bit digitized input signal to be modulated and a PWM counter for continuously counting up from zero to a predetermined number and back down to zero, the PWM counter generating a digitized triangular waveform having N bits of resolution corresponding to the predetermined number. A compare unit receives and compares the digitized input signal and the digitized triangular waveform to produce an output pulse and a dead-time generator unit produces a first pulse and a second pulse from the output pulse produced from the compare unit. The first and second pulses each drives a corresponding one of the switching circuits and the first and second pulses have different transition times relative to each other. A built-in test (BIT) circuit provides BIT input signals corresponding to the first and second pulses to verify correct operation of the PWM circuit including a feed back path from the driver control unit, the driver control unit having a higher level of integration than the PWM circuit, and the BIT input signals providing individual control of each of the PWM signals.

Claims

1. A pulse width modulator (PWM) circuit for generating pulses to enable a driver control unit to drive a pair of switching circuits for an electric motor comprising:

an input section for receiving an N bit digitized input signal to be modulated;

a PWM counter for continuously counting up from zero to a predetermined number and back down to zero, the PWM counter generating a digitized triangular waveform having N bits of resolution corresponding to the predetermined number;

a compare unit for receiving and comparing the digitized input signal and the digitized triangular waveform to provide an output pulse;

a dead-time generator unit for producing a first pulse and a second pulse from the output pulse produced from the compare unit;

a logic circuit for receiving the first and second pulses and enabling the driver control unit in accordance with the first and second pulses, the first and second pulses each driving a corresponding one of the switching circuits, the first and second pulses having different transition times relative to each other; and

a built-in test (BIT) circuit for providing BIT input signals corresponding to the first and second pulses to verify correct operation of the PWM circuit including a feed back path from the driver control unit, the driver control unit having a higher level of integration than the PWM circuit, and the BIT input signals providing control of said PWM circuit.

2. The pulse width modulator (PWM) circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first pulse has a first delay and the second pulse has a second delay, the first and second delays being synchronous with the output pulse from the compare unit.

3. The pulse width modulator (PWM) circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a pulse width modulator control for controlling the PWM counter, the pulse width modulator control providing synchronization signals for synchronizing operation of the PWM circuit to peaks and valleys of the digitized triangular waveform.

4. The pulse width modulator (PWM) circuit according to claim 3, wherein the pulse width modulator control provides the synchronization signals to the input section for loading the digitized input signal synchronously with the PWM counter.

5. The pulse width modulator (PWM) circuit according to claim 6, wherein the PWM circuit including the dead-time generator unit and the BIT circuit is implemented as a stand-alone, single chip, digital logic array.

6. The pulse width modulator (PWM) circuit according to claim 1, wherein the digitized triangular waveform is implemented as a 9 bit counter continuously counting from 0 to 511 and from 511 to 0, where a count from 0 to 511 to 0 or a count from 511 to 0 to 511 represents one period.

7. The pulse width modulator (PWM) circuit according to claim 6, wherein the output pulse is generated with an input register loaded once during an up-count from 0 to 511 of the period and once during a down-count from 511 to 0 of the period.

8. The pulse width modulator (PWM) circuit according to claim 1, wherein the input section includes registers for loading the digitized input signal synchronously with the PWM counter, and the compare unit compares a N bit digital value of the input signal to the digitized triangular waveform from the N bit PWM counter and produces the output pulse.

9. The pulse width modulator (PWM) circuit according to claim 8, wherein the output pulse is generated with the input register loaded only once during one period of the triangular waveform.

10. The pulse width modulator (PWM) circuit according to claim 8, wherein the output pulse is at a logic low state at times when the PWM counter is less than the digital input signal and the output pulse is at a logic high state at time when the PWM counter is greater than the digital input signal.

11. The pulse width modulator (PWM) circuit according to claim 8, wherein the output pulse is at a logic high state at times when the PWM counter is less than the digital input signal and the output pulse is at a logic low state at time when the PWM counter is greater than the digital input signal.

12. The pulse width modulator (PWM) circuit according to claim 8, wherein the input registers are loaded prior to both up-count and down-count of a 9 bit counter.

13. A pulse width modulator (PWM) circuit for generating pulses to enable a driver control unit to drive a pair of switching circuits for an electric motor comprising:

a input section for receiving an N bit digitized input signal to be modulated;

a PWM counter for continuously counting up from zero to a predetermined number and back down to zero, the PWM counter generating a digitized triangular waveform having N bits of resolution corresponding to the predetermined number;

a compare unit for receiving and comparing the digitized input signal and the digitized triangular waveform to provide an output pulse;

a dead-time generator unit for producing a first pulse and a second pulse from the output pulse produced from the compare unit, the first and second pulses each driving a corresponding one of the switching circuits, the first and second pulses having different transition times relative to each other; and

means for preventing input signal values corresponding to peak and valley of the triangular waveform from being compared to the triangular waveform.

14. A pulse width modulator (PWM) circuit for generating pulses to enable a driver control unit to drive a pair of switching circuits for an electric motor comprising:

an input section for receiving an N bit digitized input signal to be modulated;

a PWM counter for continuously counting up from zero to a predetermined number and back down to zero, the PWM counter generating a digitized triangular waveform having N bits of resolution corresponding to the predetermined number;

a compare unit for receiving and comparing the digitized input signal and the digitized triangular waveform to provide an output pulse;

a dead-time generator unit for producing a first pulse and a second pulse from the output pulse produced from the compare unit, the first and second pulses each driving a corresponding one of the switching circuits, the first and second pulses having different transition times relative to each other;

a logic circuit for receiving the first and second pulses and enabling the driver control unit in accordance with the first and second pulses, respectively; and

a test control unit for replacing the input signal of the PWM circuit with a test signal to test the PWM circuit, the test control unit comparing actual PWM output pulses generated from the PWM circuit corresponding to the test signal with known output pulses corresponding to the test signal.

15. The pulse width modulator (PWM) circuit according to claim 14, wherein the test signal includes all digital values from zero to the predetermined number.