Sensing elements and methods for uniformly making individual sensing elements

• US 5,508,509 A
• Filed: 11/30/1993
• Issued: 04/16/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 11/30/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Terumo Cardiovascular Systems Corporation (Terumo Corporation)
• Original Assignee: 3M Company
• Inventors: Bretscher, Kathryn R., Pratt, Ronnie L., Wood, Kenneth B., Bentsen, James G., Yafuso, Masao, Dektar, John L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Westin, Edward P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Lee, John R.
• Application Number:
  US08/159,799
• Time in Patent Office: 868 Days
• Field of Search: 250/216, 250/227.11, 250/227.14, 250/227.21, 128/634, 435/7.7, 435/7.24, 435/7.32, 435/7.4, 435/7.71, 435/7.72, 435/7.92, 435/805, 435/963, 435/968, 435/970, 435/971, 422/56, 422/57, 422/88, 422/91, 422/79, 422/82.05, 422/82.07, 422/82.08, 422/83, 422/88, 422/91, 436/68, 436/136
• US Class Current: 250/216
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 31/223 for investigating presence of specific gases or aerosols G01N31/221, G01N31/222 take precedence; actuation of fire alarm by presence of smoke or gases G08B17/10
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/52 Use of compounds or compositions for colorimetric, spectrophotometric or fluorometric investigation, e.g. use of reagent paper and including single- and multilayer analytical elements immunological elements G01N33/54386; involving labelled immunochemicals G01N33/58; for haemoglobin or occult blood G01N33/72
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/84 involving inorganic compounds or pH
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/207497 Molecular oxygen

Abstract

Sensing elements, useful in sensing the concentration of a gas, e.g., carbon dioxide, in a medium, e.g. blood, and methods for making such sensing elements are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises continuously placing a sensing composition precursor in contact with a continuous web, forming a continuous sensing composition from the precursor, and applying a continuous opaque film to the sensing composition. A plurality of individual sensing elements are formed from this composite structure. These sensing elements, which each have very similar sensing characteristics, are placed in a sensor fixture for use.

Claims

1. A method for making an optical sensor capable of sensing an analyte, which method comprises:

continuously placing a sensing composition precursor comprising a sensing component and a polymeric precursor on a continuous web thereby forming a continuous precursor-containing web, wherein said continuous sensing composition is present as a layer having a substantially uniform thickness on said continuous web; and

forming a continuous sensing composition responsive to the analyte from said sensing composition precursor included in said continuous precursor-containing web, thereby producing a sensing composition-containing web, said continuous sensing composition being sized and structured to be dividable among a plurality of uniform sensing elements.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said continuous sensing composition is useful in sensing the concentration of a gas in a medium.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein said continuous web comprises a transparent material which is polymeric.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein said sensing composition precursor comprises a sensing component, a polymer precursor and an effective amount of a light activated polymerization catalyst component, and said forming comprises polymerizing said polymer precursor and includes exposing said sensing composition precursor to sufficient light energy to activate said light activated polymerization catalyst.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein said light exposing step is effective to partially polymerize said polymer precursor and said forming further includes exposing said partially polymerized polymer precursor to elevated temperature to further polymerize said partially polymerized polymer precursor.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein said sensing composition precursor comprises a sensing component, a polymer precursor and an effective amount of a polymerization catalyst component, and said forming comprises polymerizing said polymer precursor and includes exposing said sensing composition precursor to elevated temperature to facilitate said polymerization catalyst component in promoting polymerization.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein said continuous web is treated, or is coated, to enhance the adhesion of said sensing composition to said continuous web.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein said continuous web is a continuous opaque film permeable to the analyte.

9. The method of claim 1 which further comprises placing a continuous opaque film on said sensing composition, said continuous opaque film being permeable to the analyte.

10. The method of claim 1 which further comprises placing a continuous adhesive layer on said continuous web so that said continuous web is located between said continuous adhesive layer and said sensing composition, said continuous adhesive layer includes an adhesive composition and a non-adhesive release membrane in contact with said adhesive composition, said continuous adhesive layer being placed so that said adhesive composition is in contact with said continuous web and a layered composite is formed.

11. The method of claim 1 which further comprises forming a plurality of sensing elements from said sensing composition-containing web, each of said plurality of sensing elements including a sensing composition layer, and securing an individual sensing element formed from said sensing composition-containing web to a sensor fixture.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein each of said plurality of sensing elements includes no portion of said continuous web.

13. The method of claim 11 wherein said forming step includes removing said continuous web from said sensing composition-containing web.

14. The method of claim 10 which further comprises forming a plurality of sensing elements from said layered composite, each of said plurality of sensing elements including a sensing composition layer, a web layer and an adhesive layer, removing an individual sensing element from said non-adhesive release membrane, and securing said individual sensing element removed from said non-adhesive release membrane to a sensor fixture.

15. The method of claim 8, wherein said sensing composition comprises a pressure sensitive adhesive capable of securely adhering to a sensor holder and to said continuous web.

16. A method for making an optical sensor capable of sensing an analyte, which method comprises:

placing a sensing composition precursor on a continuous web thereby forming a continuous precursor-containing web;

forming a continuous sensing composition responsive to the analyte from said sensing composition precursor included in said continuous precursor-containing web, thereby producing a sensing composition-containing web, said continuous sensing composition being sized and structured to be dividable among a plurality of sensing elements; and

placing a continuous opaque layer or film on said continuous sensing composition, thereby forming a composite structure.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein said continuous sensing composition is useful in sensing the concentration of a gas in a medium, wherein said opaque film is formed by polymerizing an opaque film precursor comprising an opaque agent and a polymeric material precursor, and said continuous sensing composition and said continuous opaque film are present as layers each having a substantially uniform thickness.

18. The method of claim 16 which further comprises forming a plurality of sensing elements from said composite structure, each of said plurality of sensing elements including a sensing composition layer and an opaque film layer, and securing one of said sensing elements to a sensor fixture.

19. A method for making an optical sensor capable of sensing an analyte, which method comprises:

providing a sensing composition precursor comprising a sensing component, a polymer precursor, and an effective amount of a light activated polymerization catalyst component; and

forming a sensing composition responsive to the analyte from said sensing composition precursor, by exposing said sensing composition precursor to sufficient light energy to activate said light activated polymerization catalyst component and to partially polymerize said polymer precursor, and exposing said partially polymerized polymer precursor to elevated temperature to further polymerize said partially polymerized polymer precursor.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein said sensing composition is useful in sensing the concentration of a gas in a medium.

21. The method of claim 19 wherein said light energy is selected from the group consisting of visible light energy, ultraviolet light energy and mixtures thereof.

22. The method of claim 19 which further comprises securing a sensing element including at least a portion of said sensing composition to a sensor fixture.

23. A method for making an optical sensor capable of sensing an analyte, which method comprises:

placing a sensing composition precursor on a continuous web, thereby forming a continuous precursor-containing web;

forming a continuous sensing composition responsive to the analyte from said sensing composition precursor included in said continuous precursor-containing web, thereby providing a sensing composition-containing web, said continuous sensing composition being sized and structured to be dividable among a plurality of sensing elements; and

placing a continuous adhesive layer on said continuous web so that said continuous web is located between said continuous adhesive layer and said sensing composition thereby forming a layered composite.

24. The method of claim 23 wherein said continuous sensing composition is present as a substantially uniform layer on said continuous web and is useful in sensing the concentration of a gas in a medium.

25. The method of claim 23 wherein said continuous web comprises a material which is polymeric, said sensing composition precursor comprises a sensing component and a polymer precursor, and said forming comprises polymerizing said polymer precursor.

26. The method of claim 23 which further comprises forming a plurality of sensing elements from said layered composite, each of said plurality of sensing elements including a sensing composition layer, a web layer made of said continuous web and an adhesive layer including an adhesive composition and a non-adhesive release membrane in contact with said adhesive composition, said continuous adhesive layer being placed so that said adhesive composition is in contact with said continuous web, removing an individual sensing element from said non-adhesive release membrane, and securing said individual sensing element removed from said non-adhesive release membrane to a sensor fixture.

27. A method for making an optical sensor capable of sensing an analyte, which method comprises:

placing a sensing composition precursor on a continuous web, thereby forming a continuous precursor-containing web;

forming a continuous sensing composition responsive to the analyte from said sensing composition precursor included in said continuous precursor-containing web, thereby providing a sensing composition-containing web, said continuous sensing composition being sized and structured to be dividable among a plurality of sensing elements; and

wherein said sensing composition comprises;

an aqueous first phase comprising a pH sensitive indicator component which is effective to provide a signal in response to the concentration of analyte in a medium to which said sensing composition is exposed, said analyte being effective to alter the pH of said primary phase; and

a hydrophobic second phase which is permeable to said analyte and impermeable to ionized hydrogen, wherein said hydrophobic phase lies between said aqueous phase and said medium to which said sensing composition is exposed, wherein said sensing composition is substantially free of partitioning species other than the analyte of interest which can migrate from one phase to the other in response to a change in pH in said aqueous phase and which substantially affect said concentration dependent signal.

28. The method of claim 27 which further comprises forming a plurality of sensing elements from said layered composite, each of said plurality of sensing elements including a sensing composition layer, a web layer made of said continuous web and an adhesive layer including an adhesive composition and a non-adhesive release membrane in contact with said adhesive composition, said continuous adhesive layer being placed so that said adhesive composition is in contact with said continuous web, removing an individual sensing element from said non-adhesive release membrane,and securing said individual sensing element removed from said non-adhesive release membrane to a sensor fixture.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein said continuous web comprises polycarbonate, wherein said analyte is carbon dioxide, and wherein said pH sensitive indicator component comprises HPTS.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein said sensor, after being equilibrated in a medium having a pCO₂ of 0.25 mmHg, provides a signal which drifts less than 6% over a three hour period when moved from said medium to a medium having a pCO₂ of 45.6 mmHg.

31. A sensing composition-containing web comprising:

a continuous web;

a continuous sensing composition responsive to an analyte and located on said continuous web; and

wherein the surface of said continuous web on which said continuous sensing composition is located being treated or coated so as to enhance the adhesion between said continuous web and said continuous sensing composition.

32. The sensing composition-containing web of claim 31 wherein said continuous sensing composition is present as a layer having a substantially uniform thickness and is sized and structured to be dividable among a plurality of sensing elements.

33. The sensing composition-containing web of claim 31 which further comprises a continuous opaque layer located on said continuous sensing composition, said continuous opaque layer being permeable to the analyte.

34. An article formed by

continuously placing a sensing composition precursor on a continuous web thereby forming a continuous precursor-containing web;

placing a continuous adhesive layer on said continuous web so that said continuous web is located between said continuous adhesive layer and said sensing composition, said continuous adhesive layer includes an adhesive composition and a non-adhesive release membrane in contact with said adhesive composition, said continuous adhesive layer being placed so that said adhesive composition is in contact with said continuous web and a layered composite is formed; and

forming a continuous sensing composition responsive to the analyte from said sensing composition precursor included in said continuous precursor-containing web, thereby producing a sensing composition-containing web, said continuous sensing composition being sized and structured to be dividable among a plurality of sensing elements.

35. An article formed by

continuously placing a sensing composition precursor on a continuous web thereby forming a continuous precursor-containing web, wherein said continuous web comprises a continuous opaque film permeable to the analyte;

forming a continuous sensing composition responsive to the analyte from said sensing composition precursor included in said continuous precursor-containing web, thereby producing a sensing composition-containing web, said continuous sensing composition being sized and structured to be dividable among a plurality of sensing elements and wherein said sensing composition comprises a pressure sensitive adhesive capable of securely adhering to a sensor holder and to said continuous web.

36. A source of optical sensing elements comprising:

a continuous release membrane; and

a plurality of optical sensing elements each of which is located on said continuous release membrane, each of said sensing elements comprising a sensing composition responsive to an analyte to be sensed by said sensing element.

37. The source of sensing elements of claim 36 wherein each of said sensing elements further comprises:

an adhesive composition in contact with said continuous release membrane; and

a web layer in contact with said adhesive composition.

38. A sensing composition precursor comprising:

an indicator component responsive to an analyte;

a polymer precursor which, after polymerization, is effective as a matrix material for said indicator component; and

a light activated polymerization catalyst component selected from the group consisting of cyclopentadienyl trimethyl platinum, derivatives thereof and mixtures thereof in an amount effective to promote polymerization of said polymer precursor after being activated by light energy.

39. The sensing composition precursor of claim 38 wherein said polymer precursor is a precursor of a vinyl/hydride addition cure polysiloxane polymer.

40. The sensing composition precursor of claim 38 wherein said light activated polymerization catalyst component is effective, after being activated by light energy, to promote further polymerization of said polymer precursor at elevated temperatures.

41. A sensor for measuring the concentration of an analyte in a medium comprising:

a sensing element produced by continuously placing a sensing composition precursor on a continuous web thereby forming a continuous precursor-containing web;

forming a continuous sensing composition responsive to the analyte from said sensing composition precursor included in said continuous precursor-containing web, thereby producing a sensing composition-containing web, said continuous sensing composition being sized and structured to be dividable among a plurality of sensing elements; and

forming a plurality of sensing elements from said sensing composition-containing web, each of said plurality of sensing elements including a sensing composition layer, and securing an individual sensing element formed from said sensing composition-containing web to a sensor fixture;

an excitation assembly positioned and adapted to provide an excitation signal to said sensing element;

a detector assembly positioned and adapted to detect an emitted signal from said sensing element, said sensing element being capable of providing said emitted signal in response to being exposed to said excitation signal; and

a processor assembly positioned and adapted to analyze said emitted signal in determining the concentration of said analyte in said medium.

42. A sensor for measuring the concentration of an analyte in a medium comprising:

a sensing element produced by continuously placing a sensing composition precursor on a continuous web thereby forming a continuous precursor-containing web;

placing a continuous adhesive layer on said continuous web so that said continuous web is located between said continuous adhesive layer and said sensing composition, said continuous adhesive layer includes an adhesive composition and a non-adhesive release membrane in contact with said adhesive composition, said continuous adhesive layer being placed so that said adhesive composition is in contact with said continuous web and a layered composite is formed;

forming a continuous sensing composition responsive to the analyte from said sensing composition precursor included in said continuous precursor-containing web, thereby producing a sensing composition-containing web, said continuous sensing composition being sized and structured to be dividable among a plurality of sensing elements and forming a plurality of sensing elements from said layered composite, each of said plurality of sensing elements including a sensing composition layer, a web layer and an adhesive layer, removing an individual sensing element from said non-adhesive release membrane, and securing said individual sensing element removed from said non-adhesive release membrane to a sensor fixture;

an excitation assembly positioned and adapted to provide an excitation signal to said sensing element;

a detector assembly positioned and adapted to detect an emitted signal from said sensing element, said sensing element being capable of providing said emitted signal in response to being exposed to said excitation signal; and

a processor assembly positioned and adapted to analyze said emitted signal in determining the concentration of said analyte in said medium.

43. A sensor for measuring the concentration of an analyte in a medium comprising:

a sensing element produced by placing a sensing composition precursor on a continuous web thereby forming a continuous precursor-containing web;

forming a continuous sensing composition responsive to the analyte from said sensing composition precursor included in said continuous precursor-containing web, thereby producing a sensing composition-containing web, said continuous sensing composition being sized and structured to be dividable among a plurality of sensing elements; and

placing a continuous opaque layer of film on said continuous sensing composition, thereby forming a composite structure, wherein said continuous sensing composition is useful in sensing the concentration of a gas in a medium, wherein said opaque film is formed by polymerizing an opaque film precursor comprising an opaque agent and a polymeric material precursor, and said continuous sensing composition and said continuous opaque film are present as layers each having a substantially uniform thickness;

an excitation assembly positioned and adapted to provide an excitation signal to said sensing element;

a detector assembly positioned and adapted to detect an emitted signal from said sensing element, said sensing element being capable of providing said emitted signal in response to being exposed to said excitation signal; and

a processor assembly positioned and adapted to analyze said emitted signal in determining the concentration of said analyte in said medium.

44. A sensor for measuring the concentration of an analyte in a medium comprising:

a sensing element produced by providing a sensing composition precursor comprising a sensing component, a polymer precursor, and an effective amount of a light activated polymerization catalyst component; and

forming a sensing composition responsive to the analyte from said sensing composition precursor, by exposing said sensing composition precursor to sufficient light energy to activate said light activated polymerization catalyst component and to partially polymerize said polymer precursor, and exposing said partially polymerized polymer precursor to elevated temperature to further polymerize said partially polymerized polymer precursor and securing a sensing element including at least a portion of said sensing composition to a sensor fixture;

an excitation assembly positioned and adapted to provide an excitation signal to said sensing element;

a detector assembly positioned and adapted to detect an emitted signal for said sensing element, said sensing element being capable of providing said emitted signal in response to being exposed to said excitation signal; and

a processor assembly positioned and adapted to analyze said emitted signal in determining the concentration of said analyte in said medium.

45. A sensor for measuring the concentration of an analyte in a medium comprising:

a sensing element produced by placing a sensing composition precursor on a continuous web, thereby forming a continuous precursor-containing web;

forming a continuous sensing composition responsive to the analyte from said sensing composition precursor included in said continuous precursor-containing web, thereby providing a sensing composition-containing web, said continuous sensing composition being sized and structured to be dividable among a plurality of sensing elements; and

placing a continuous adhesive layer on said continuous web so that said continuous web is located between said continuous adhesive layer and said sensing composition thereby forming a layered composite, wherein said continuous web comprises a material which is polymeric, said sensing composition precursor comprises a sensing component and a polymer precursor, and said forming comprises polymerizing said polymer precursor;

an excitation assembly positioned and adapted to provide an excitation signal to said sensing element;

a detector assembly positioned and adapted to provide an excitation signal to said sensing element;

a detector assembly positioned and adapted to detect an emitted signal for said sensing element, said sensing element being capable of providing said emitted signal in response to being exposed to said excitation signal; and

a processor assembly positioned and adapted to analyze said emitted signal in determining the concentration of said analyte in said medium.

46. A sensor for measuring the concentration of an analyte in a medium comprising:

a sensing element produced by placing a sensing composition precursor on a continuous web, thereby forming a continuous precursor-containing web;

forming a continuous sensing composition responsive to the analyte from said sensing composition precursor included in said continuous precursor-containing web, thereby providing a sensing composition-containing web, said continuous sensing composition being sized and structured to be dividable among a plurality of sensing elements; and

wherein said sensing composition comprises;

an aqueous first phase comprising a pH sensitive indicator component which is effective to provide a signal in response to the concentration of analyte in a medium to which said sensing composition is exposed, said analyte being effective to alter the pH of said primary phase; and

a hydrophobic second phase which is permeable to said analyte and impermeable to ionized hydrogen, wherein said hydrophobic phase lies between said aqueous phase and said medium to which said sensing composition is exposed, wherein said sensing composition is substantially free of partitioning species other than the analyte of interest which can migrate from one phase to the other in response to a change in pH in said aqueous phase and which substantially affect said concentration dependent signal; and

forming a plurality of sensing elements from said layered composite, each of said plurality of sensing elements including a sensing composition layer, a web layer made of said continuous web and an adhesive layer including an adhesive composition and a non-adhesive release membrane in contact with said adhesive composition, said continuous adhesive layer being placed so that said adhesive composition is in contact with said continuous web, removing an individual sensing element from said non-adhesive release membrane, and securing said individual sensing element removed from said non-adhesive release membrane to a sensor fixture, wherein said continuous web comprises polycarbonate, wherein said analyte is carbon dioxide, and wherein said pH sensitive indicator component comprises HPTS;

an excitation assembly positioned and adapted to provide an excitation signal to said sensing element;

a detector assembly positioned and adapted to provide an excitation signal to said sensing element;

a detector assembly positioned and adapted to detect an emitted signal for said sensing element, said sensing element being capable of providing said emitted signal in response to being exposed to said excitation signal; and

a processor assembly positioned and adapted to analyze said emitted signal in determining the concentration of said analyte in said medium.

47. A sensor comprising:

a sensor fixture including a surface adapted to be exposed to a medium containing an analyte the concentration of which is to be determined; and

a sensing element produced by continuously placing a sensing composition precursor on a continuous web thereby forming a continuous precursor-containing web;

forming a continuous sensing composition responsive to the analyte from said sensing composition precursor included in said continuous precursor-containing web, thereby producing a sensing composition-containing web, said continuous sensing composition being sized and structured to be dividable among a plurality of sensing elements; and

forming a plurality of sensing elements from said sensing composition-containing web, each of said plurality of sensing elements including a sensing composition layer, and securing an individual sensing element formed from said sensing composition-containing web to a sensor fixture, secured to said sensor fixture, said sensing element being located relative to said surface so as to be exposed to said medium when said surface is so exposed.

48. The sensor of claim 47, wherein said sensor fixture includes a cavity and said sensing element is at least partially located in said cavity.

49. A sensor comprising:

a sensor fixture including a surface adapted to be exposed to a medium containing an analyte the concentration of which is to be determined; and

a sensing element produced by continuously placing a sensing composition precursor on a continuous web thereby forming a continuous precursor-containing web;

placing a continuous adhesive layer on said continuous web so that said continuous web is located between said continuous adhesive layer and said sensing composition, said continuous adhesive layer includes an adhesive composition and a non-adhesive release membrane in contact with said adhesive composition, said continuous adhesive layer being placed so that said adhesive composition is in contact with said continuous web and a layered composite is formed;

forming a continuous sensing composition responsive to the analyte from said sensing composition precursor included in said continuous precursor-containing web, thereby producing a sensing composition-containing web, said continuous sensing composition being sized and structured to be dividable among a plurality of sensing elements and forming a plurality of sensing elements from said layered composite, each of said plurality if sensing elements including a sensing composition layer, a web layer and an adhesive layer, removing an individual sensing element from said non-adhesive release membrane, and securing said individual sensing element removed from said non-adhesive release membrane to a sensor fixture, said sensing element being located relative to said surface so as to be exposed to said medium when said surface is so exposed.

50. The sensor of claim 49 wherein said sensor fixture includes a cavity and said sensing element is at least partially located in said cavity.

51. A sensor comprising:

a sensor fixture including a surface adapted to be exposed to a medium containing an analyte the concentration of which is to be determined; and

a sensing element produced by placing a sensing composition precursor on a continuous web thereby forming a continuous precursor-containing web;

forming a continuous sensing composition responsive to the analyte from said sensing composition precursor included in said continuous precursor-containing web, thereby producing a sensing composition-containing web, said continuous sensing composition being sized and structured to be dividable among a plurality of sensing elements; and

placing a continuous opaque layer or film on said continuous sensing composition, thereby forming a composite structure, wherein said continuous sensing composition is useful in sensing the concentration of a gas in a medium, wherein said opaque film is formed by polymerizing an opaque film precursor comprising an opaque agent and a polymeric material precursor, and said continuous sensing composition and said continuous opaque film are present as layers each having a substantially uniform thickness, secured to said sensor fixture, said sensing element being located relative to said surface so as to be exposed to said medium when said surface is so exposed.

52. The sensor of claim 51, wherein said sensor fixture includes a cavity and said sensing element is at least partially located in said cavity.

53. A sensor comprising:

a sensor fixture including a surface adapted to be exposed to a medium containing an analyte the concentration of which is to be determined; and

a sensing element produced by providing a sensing composition precursor comprising a sensing component, a polymer precursor, and an effective amount of a light activated polymerization catalyst component; and

forming a sensing composition responsive to the analyte from said sensing composition precursor, by exposing said sensing composition precursor to sufficient light energy to activate said light activated polymerization catalyst component and to partially polymerize said polymer precursor, and exposing said partially polymerized polymer precursor to elevated temperature to further polymerize said partially polymerized polymer precursor, wherein said light energy is selected from the group consisting of visible light energy, ultraviolet light energy and mixtures thereof, secured to said sensor fixture, said sensing element being located relative to said surface so as to be exposed to said medium when said surface is so exposed.

54. The sensor of claim 53, wherein said sensor fixture includes a cavity and said sensing element is at least partially located in said cavity.

55. A sensor comprising:

a sensor fixture including a surface adapted to be exposed to a medium containing an analyte the concentration of which is to be determined; and

a sensing element produced by placing a sensing composition precursor on a continuous web, thereby forming a continuous precursor-containing web;

forming a continuous sensing composition responsive to the analyte from said sensing composition precursor included in said continuous precursor-containing web, thereby providing a sensing composition-containing web, said continuous sensing composition being sized and structured to be dividable among a plurality of sensing elements; and

placing a continuous adhesive layer on said continuous web so that said continuous web is located between said continuous adhesive layer and said sensing composition thereby forming a layered composite, wherein said continuous web comprises a material which is polymeric, said sensing composition precursor comprises a sensing component and a polymer precursor, and said forming comprises polymerizing said polymer precursor, secured to said sensor fixture, said sensing element being located relative to said surface so as to be exposed to said medium when said surface is so exposed.

56. The sensor of claim 55, wherein said sensor fixture includes a cavity and said sensing element is at least partially located in said cavity.

57. A sensor comprising:

a sensor fixture including a surface adapted to be exposed to a medium containing an analyte the concentration of which is to be determined; and

a sensing element produced by placing a sensing composition precursor on a continuous web, thereby forming a continuous precursor-containing web;

forming a continuous sensing composition responsive to the analyte from said sensing composition precursor included in said continuous precursor-containing web, thereby providing a sensing composition-containing web, said continuous sensing composition being sized and structured to be dividable among a plurality of sensing elements; and

wherein said sensing composition comprises;

an aqueous first phase comprising a pH sensitive indicator component which is effective to provide a signal in response to the concentration of analyte in a medium to which said sensing composition is exposed, said analyte being effective to alter the pH of said primary phase; and

a hydrophobic second phase which is permeable to said analyte and impermeable to ionized hydrogen, wherein said hydrophobic phase lies between said aqueous phase and said medium to which said sensing composition is exposed, wherein said sensing composition is substantially free of partitioning species other than the analyte of interest which can migrate from one phase to the other in response to a change in pH in said aqueous phase and which substantially affect said concentration dependent signal; and

forming a plurality of sensing elements from said layered composite;

each of said plurality of sensing elements including a sensing composition layer, a web layer made of said continuous web and an adhesive layer including an adhesive composition and a non-adhesive release membrane in contact with said adhesive composition, said continuous adhesive layer being placed so that said adhesive composition is in contact with said continuous web, removing an individual sensing element from said non-adhesive release membrane, and securing said individual sensing element removed from said non-adhesive release membrane to a sensor fixture, wherein said continuous web comprises polycarbonate, wherein said analyte is carbon dioxide, and wherein said pH sensitive indicator component comprises HPTS, secured to said sensor fixture, said sensing element being located relative to said surface so as to be exposed to said medium when said surface is so exposed.

58. The sensor of claim 57, wherein said sensor fixture includes a cavity and said sensing element is at least partially located in said cavity.