Adaptive keypad

• US 5,510,783 A
• Filed: 07/13/1992
• Issued: 04/23/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 07/13/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Interlink Electronics Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Interlink Electronics Incorporated
• Inventors: Hickman, Kenneth T., Findlater, Stewart M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Peng, John K.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Wu, Daniel J.
• Application Number:
  US07/912,544
• Time in Patent Office: 1,380 Days
• Field of Search: 341/26, 341/33, 341/34, 341/24, 341/31, 341/22, 338/47, 338/99, 338/114
• US Class Current: 341/34
• CPC Class Codes: H01H 13/785 characterised by the material of the contacts, e.g. conductive polymers
• CPC Class Codes: H01H 2201/036 Variable resistance
• CPC Class Codes: H01H 2229/062 Maintenance or repair facilities
• CPC Class Codes: H01H 2239/002 Conductive track to monitor integrity
• CPC Class Codes: H01H 2239/038 Anti-vandalism
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/9618 using a plurality of detectors, e.g. keyboard
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/9625 using a force resistance transducer
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 11/02 Details
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 11/20 Dynamic coding, i.e. by key scanning H03M11/26 takes precedence

Abstract

An adaptive keypad which has one or more keys includes, for each key, a pressure transducer positioned below a semi-rigid faceplate where the pressure transducer has a resistance which decreases as the pressure compressing the transducer increases. The transducer is connected in series with a capacitor to define an RC circuit for each key. Each RC circuit has a charge time proportional to the pressure applied to the key. A time capture circuit initially and thereafter intermittently, obtains the charge time for each RC circuit for each key and computes a conductance value from that time. The initial conductance value is stored in a memory. A comparing circuit intermittently compares the initial conductance value with each subsequent conductance value generated for a key. If the comparison value generated is greater than a predefined amount, a signal is generated indicating that a key has been depressed. If the comparison value is greater than a predefined amount over a selected period of time indicating a key is permanently depressed, the initial conductance stored in the memory for that key will be modified to a new value against which subsequent comparisons will be made to determine if a key is depressed.

Claims

1. An adaptive key pad apparatus having at least one key, comprising:

a pressure transducer apparatus for each key defining a pressure responsive sensor, each sensor generating a parameter which varies in response to an amount of pressure applied to the sensor;

a measurement device coupled for obtaining an initial measure of the parameter for each sensor and thereafter intermittently obtaining a subsequent measure of the parameter for each sensor;

a memory for storing the initial parameter for each sensor;

a comparing device coupled to the measurement device and to the memory for generating a comparison value for each sensor in response to a comparison of each subsequent parameter measure of that sensor with the initial parameter measure of that sensor and generating an depressed key indication when the comparison value for that sensor meets a first predefined criteria; and

an adaptive device coupled to the memory and to the measurement device for modifying the initial parameter stored in the memory for each sensor when the subsequent parameter measure for that sensor satisfies a second predefined criteria.

2. The adaptive keypad of claim 1 wherein the sensors have a resistance which varies in response to the pressure applied, the initial parameter being a measure of the resistance of the pressure transducer and the subsequent parameter being a measure of the resistance of the pressure transducer.

3. The adaptive keypad apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a faceplate juxtaposed over the pressure transducer apparatus, the faceplate having at least one keypad indicator disposed thereon, each keypad indicator positioned adjacent to a selected one of the sensors.

4. The adaptive keypad apparatus of claim 3 wherein the faceplate is semi-rigid and each key sensor is responsive to pressure applied to the semi-rigid faceplate at a location juxtaposed over the sensor.

5. The adaptive keypad apparatus of claim 4 wherein the faceplate is a stainless steel plate having a thickness of about 1/64 inch.

6. The adaptive keypad of claim 4 wherein the faceplate is a plastic ply having a thickness of about 1/16 inch.

7. The adaptive keypad apparatus of claim 3 further comprising identifying markings disposed on the surface of the faceplate remote from the pressure transducer apparatus, each identifying marking juxtaposed over the sensor associated with the identifying marking.

8. The adaptive keypad apparatus of claim 2 wherein the measurement circuit comprises for each sensor:

a capacitor in series with the sensor resistance associated with each key for defining an RC circuit characterized by a capacitor charging time which varies in response to variations in the resistance of the sensor;

a power source for being sequentially interconnected to each RC circuit for causing the capacitor to charge; and

a time capture circuit interconnected to the RC circuit of each key for measuring the time required for the capacitor to charge to a predefined voltage after being interconnect to the power source.

9. The adaptive keypad apparatus of claim 8 further comprising a faceplate juxtaposed over the pressure transducer apparatus, the faceplate having at least one keypad indicator disposed thereon, each keypad indicator positioned adjacent to a selected one of the sensors.

10. The adaptive keypad apparatus of claim 8 wherein the charge time measured by the time capture circuit for each sensor is stored in the memory, the charge time comprising the measure of the initial parameter for that sensor.

11. The adaptive keypad apparatus of claim 1 wherein the adaptive device further comprises:

a differencing device for computing a difference between the initial parameter and the subsequent parameter on a first scan to define a first difference for one sensor, computing the difference between the initial parameter and the subsequent resistance value on a second subsequent scan to define a second difference for that sensor, and computing the difference between the first difference and the second difference to define a variance value for that sensor; and

a modifying device for averaging the initial parameter and the subsequent parameter from the first scan to define a new initial parameter for that sensor, the new initial parameter being stored in the memory in place of the existing initial parameter when the variance value meets the predefined second criteria.

12. The adaptive keypad apparatus of claim 11 wherein the second criteria is met when the variance value for a sensor is greater than a predefined threshold variance value.

13. The adaptive keyboard apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an adaptive timer for intermittently enabling computation of a new initial parameter according to a predefined enabling schedule.

14. The adaptive keyboard apparatus of claim 13 wherein the predefined enabling schedule is about once every two seconds.

15. The adaptive keyboard apparatus of claim 2 wherein the initial parameter is an initial resistance measure and the subsequent parameter is a subsequent resistance measure for each sensor where the initial and subsequent resistance measures comprise the conductance of each sensor.

16. An adaptive keypad apparatus comprising:

a key array comprising a plurality of key circuits, each key circuit comprising a sensor with a variable resistance characterized by a non-depressed steady state resistance, the sensor resistance being interconnected in series with a capacitor for defining an RC circuit with a charge time which varies in response to the resistance of the sensor;

a time capture circuit interconnected to the plurality of key circuits for measuring the charge time of each circuit;

an adaptive processor for receiving the charge time of each key circuit and processing that charge time according to a predefined criteria for generating an indication of when a key in the plurality of keys has been depressed and further generating a modification of the predefined criteria for any of the keys in response to a permanent alteration of the non-depressed steady state condition of that key.

17. An adaptive keypad apparatus having at least one key comprising:

a pressure sensor for each key;

pressure measurement means interconnected to each pressure sensor for generating a initial measure of the pressure applied to each sensor and thereafter intermittently generating a subsequent measure of the pressure applied to each sensor;

key depression indication means interconnected for comparing the initial pressure measure for each key with each subsequent pressure measure for that key to generate a first compare value and generating a depressed key indication if the compare value satisfies a first pre-defined criterion; and

adaptive means interconnected for comparing the initial pressure measure for each key with each subsequent pressure measure for that key to generate a second compare indication and modifying the initial pressure measure for that key if the second compare indication meets a second predefined criteria.

18. An method of modifying the sensitivity of individual keys on a keypad apparatus having at least one key and a pressure sensor associated with each key comprising the steps of:

scanning each key of the keypad and measuring the pressure applied against each key on a first scan for generating a initial measure of the pressure applied to each sensor;

intermittently scanning each key of the keypad and measuring the pressure applied against each key on each subsequent scan for generating a subsequent measure of the pressure applied to each sensor;

comparing the initial pressure measure for each key with each subsequent pressure measure for that key to generate a first compare value;

generating a depressed key indication if the first compare value satisfies a first predefined criteria;

comparing the initial pressure measure for each key with each subsequent pressure measure for that key to generate a second compare value; and

modifying the initial pressure measure for a key if the second compare value for that key satisfies a second predefined criteria.