Clock recovery phase locked loop control using clock difference detection and forced low frequency startup

• US 5,512,860 A
• Filed: 12/02/1994
• Issued: 04/30/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 12/02/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Pmc-Sierra Limited (Microchip Technology Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: PMC-Sierra Incorporated (Microchip Technology Incorporated)
• Inventors: Smith, Graham B., Gerson, Brian D., Huscroft, Charles K.
• Primary Examiner(s): Grimm, Siegfried H.
• Application Number:
  US08/352,744
• Time in Patent Office: 515 Days
• Field of Search: 331/1 A, 331/11, 331/14, 331/25, 331/DIG. 2
• US Class Current: 331/1.00A
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/087 using at least two phase detectors or a frequency and phase detector in the loop
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/089 the phase or frequency detector generating up-down pulses H03L7/087 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/095 using a lock detector H03L7/087 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/14 for assuring constant frequency when supply or correction voltages fail or are interrupted
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/183 a time difference being used for locking the loop, the counter counting between fixed numbers or the frequency divider dividing by a fixed number H03L7/1806 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 2203/006 Fault tolerance and recovery
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/0083 taking measures against momentary loss of synchronisation, e.g. inhibiting the synchronisation, using idle words or using redundant clocks
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/033 using the transitions of the received signal to control the phase of the synchronising-signal-generating means, e.g. using a phase-locked loop
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 331/02 Phase locked loop having lock indicating or detecting means

Abstract

A method of generating output clock pulses using a phase locked loop which includes a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is comprised of providing a sequence of data pulses and a sequence of reference clock pulses, resetting the phase locked loop to force the VCO to its lowest operating frequency, releasing reset of the phase locked loop and forcing the VCO to lock to a multiple of the frequency of the reference clock pulses, detecting the presence of data pulse transitions, in the event of detection of data pulse transitions, forcing the VCO to lock to the data pulses, and outputting output clock pulses from the phase locked loop.

Claims

1. A method of generating output clock pulses using a phase locked loop which includes a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) comprising:

(a) providing a sequence of data pulses and a sequence of reference clock pulses,

(b) resetting the phase locked loop to force the VCO to its lowest operating frequency,

(c) releasing reset of the phase locked loop and forcing the VCO to lock to a multiple of the frequency of the reference clock pulses,

(d) detecting the presence of data pulse transitions,

(e) in the event of detection of data pulse transitions, forcing the VCO to lock to the data pulses, and

(f) outputting output clock pulses from the phase locked loop.

2. A method as defined in claim 1 in which the step of forcing the VCO to lock to the data pulses further includes

(e.1) detecting timing differences between a submultiple of an output signal of the VCO from the sequence of data pulses and the reference clock pulses, and

(e.2) in the event a predetermined number of timing differences are detected during a predetermined interval, forcing the VCO to lock to a multiple of the frequency of the reference clock pulses and repeating steps (d), (e), (e.1) and (e.2).

3. A method as defined in claim 2 in which step (e.1) is carried out by

(i) dividing the submultiple of the output signal of the VCO to provide a divided submultiple signal,

(ii) synchronizing the divided submultiple signal with the reference clock pulses,

(iii) counting reference clock pulses in a reference clock counter,

(iv) providing a signal pulse over one clock interval of the reference clock pulses once each divided submultiple signal occurrence,

(v) storing the count of the reference clock counter in a further counter,

(vi) clearing the reference clock counter with the signal pulse,

(vii) sampling the further counter with the signal pulse, and

(viii) carrying out step (e.2) in the event the state of the further counter is other than a divisor used in step (i) for dividing the submultiple of the output signal of the VCO, within a predetermined tolerance, or 0.

4. A method as defined in claim 3 in which the divisor is 8192 and said state of the further counter within the predetermined tolerance is 8190 or 8191 or 0.

5. A method as defined in claim 2 in which step (e.1) is carried out by detecting rising edges of the reference clock pulses and the submultiple of an output signal of the VCO, incrementing an up/down counter on each rising edge of the reference clock pulses, decrementing the up/down counter on each rising edge of said submultiple signal, sampling the up/down counter following said predetermined interval and resetting the up/down counter, and carrying out step (e.2) in the event the state of the up/down counter is other than 0, +1 or -1.

6. A method as defined in claim 5 in which the predetermined interval is the time for 8192 cycles of the submultiple of the output signal of the VCO.

7. Apparatus for generating output clock pulses using a phase locked loop which includes a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) comprising:

(a) means for providing a sequence of data pulses and a sequence of reference clock pulses,

(b) means for resetting the phase locked loop to force the VCO to its lowest operating frequency,

(c) means for releasing reset of the phase locked loop and forcing the VCO to lock to a multiple of the frequency of the reference clock pulses,

(d) means for detecting the presence of transitions of the data pulses,

(e) means for forcing the VCO to lock to the data pulses in the event of detection of data pulse transitions, and

(f) means for outputting output clock pulses from the phase locked loop.

8. Apparatus as defined in claim 7 in which said means for forcing the VCO to lock to the data pulses further includes

(e.1) means for detecting timing differences between a submultiple of an output signal of the VCO from the sequence of data pulses and the reference clock pulses, and

(e.2) means for forcing the VCO to lock to a multiple of the frequency of the reference clock pulses in the event a predetermined number of timing differences are detected during a predetermined interval, and for operating repeatedly the (d), (e), (e.1) and (e.2) means.

9. Apparatus as defined in claim 8 in which the (e.1) means comprises:

(i) means for dividing the submultiple of the output signal of the VCO to provide a divided submultiple signal,

(ii) means for synchronizing the divided submultiple signal with the reference clock pulses,

(iii) means for counting reference clock pulses in a reference clock counter,

(iv) means for providing a signal pulse over one clock interval of the reference clock pulses once each divided submultiple signal occurrence,

(v) means for storing the count of the reference clock counter in a further counter,

(vi) means for clearing the reference clock counter with the signal pulse,

(vii) means for sampling the further counter with the signal pulse, and

(viii) means for operating the (e.2) means in the event the state of the further counter is other than a divisor used in the (i) means for dividing the submultiple of the output signal of the VCO, within a predetermined tolerance, or 0.

10. Apparatus as defined in claim 9 in which the divisor is 8192 and said state of the further counter within the predetermined tolerance is 8190 or 8191 or 0.

11. Apparatus as defined in claim 8 in which the (e.1) means is comprised of means for detecting rising edges of the reference clock pulses and the submultiple of an output signal of the VCO, means for incrementing an up/down counter on each rising edge of the reference clock pulses and for decrementing the up/down counter on each rising edge of said submultiple signal, means for sampling the up/down counter following said predetermined interval and for resetting the up/down counter, and in the event the state of the up/down counter is other than 0, +1 or -1, forcing the VCO to lock to a multiple of the frequency of the reference clock pulses in the event a predetermined number of timing differences are detected during a predetermined interval and for operating repeatedly the (d), (e), (e.1) and (e.2) means.

12. Apparatus as defined in claim 11 in which the predetermined interval is the time for 8192 cycles of the submultiple of the output signal of the VCO.

13. A clock recovery circuit comprising:

(a) a digital phase locked loop including, in series, a voltage controlled oscillator, a mode divider connected to the output of the oscillator, a first phase detector connected to the output of the mode divider and a loop filter for receiving an output signal of the phase detector and providing an output signal to the oscillator,

(b) means for applying a digital input signal to another input of the phase detector, whereby the phase detector provides an output signal representing the phase difference between the digital input signal and an output signal of the mode divider,

(c) a reference clock signal input,

(d) a second phase detector for receiving the reference clock signal at an input thereof,

(e) a reference divider for receiving an output signal of the oscillator and for generating a DCLK signal,

(f) means for applying the DCLK signal to another input of the second phase detector,

(g) a clock difference detector for receiving the DCLK signal, the reference clock signal and an output signal of the mode divider and for generating an out-of-range signal in the event the DCLK and reference clock signals differ by a predetermined number of pulses from the output of the mode divider,

(h) a multiplexer for passing an output signal of either of the phase detectors to the loop filter,

(i) a state machine for receiving the out-of-range signal and for controlling the multiplexer to pass the output signal of the second phase detector to the loop filter in the event of the presence of an out-of-range signal, and to pass the output signal of the first phase detector to the loop filter in the absence of the out-of-range signal.

14. A clock recovery circuit as defined in claim 13, further including a transition detector for receiving the digital input signal and the output of the mode divider, for determining the transition density of the digital input signal and for providing an indication signal to the state machine indicating that the transition density of the digital input signal is sufficient for clock recovery, the state machine thereby controlling the multiplexer to pass the output signal of the second phase detector in the absence of said indication signal even in the absence of receiving an out-of-range signal, and in the presence of said indication signal and the absence of the out-of-range signal controlling the multiplexer to pass the output signal of the first phase detector.