Active multipoint fiber laser sensor

• US 5,513,913 A
• Filed: 05/28/1993
• Issued: 05/07/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 01/29/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: United Technologies Corporation (Raytheon Technologies Corporation d/b/a RTX)
• Original Assignee: United Technologies Corporation (Raytheon Technologies Corporation d/b/a RTX)
• Inventors: Newman, Leon A., Meltz, Gerald, Ball, Gary A.
• Primary Examiner(s): GUTIERREZ, DIEGO F
• Application Number:
  US08/069,231
• Time in Patent Office: 1,075 Days
• Field of Search: 374/120, 374/131, 374/159, 374/161, 374/137, 374/166, 374/143, 250/227.14, 250/227.18, 250/227.23, 356/32, 372/6, 372/102, 73/800
• US Class Current: 374/120
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/35383 using multiple sensor devices using multiplexing techniques
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/1895 using fiber Bragg gratings or gratings integrated in a waveguide
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/0675 Resonators including a grating structure, e.g. distributed Bragg reflectors [DBR] or distributed feedback [DFB] fibre lasers

Abstract

A remote active multipoint fiber laser sensor includes a plurality of fiber lasers 12,14,16, each having a pair of Bragg gratings 18,20, embedded in a fiber 10 and excited by a common pump light 30. The lasers 12,14,16 lase at different longitudinal modes (lasing wavelengths) and emit light 32,34,36, at their respective wavelengths λ1,λ2,λn. The lasing wavelength of each laser shifts due to perturbations, such as strain or temperature, applied thereto. The output light 32,34,36 is fed to a spectrum analyzer 50 where the wavelength shift is analyzed. A signal processor 54 reads the wavelength shift and provides a signal on lines 56 indicative of the perturbation at each of the lasers/sensors 12-16. Alternatively, a single laser may be used as a single sensor. Alternatively, birefringent fiber may be used as the fiber cavities 21 and the two polarizations are beat together to form a lower difference or "beat" frequency, thereby allowing lower frequency detection devices to be used.

Claims

1. A remote active multipoint laser sensor, comprising:

an optical waveguide for receiving and propagating a pump light of a predetermined wavelength launched into said optical waveguide;

a plurality of lasers, disposed successively along said waveguide, each being pumped by said pump light, at least a portion of at least one of said lasers sensing a perturbation in said optical waveguide, each having a lasing wavelength different from the lasing wavelength of the other lasers, each emitting an output light at said lasing wavelength, and said lasing wavelength being related to the magnitude of said perturbation;

each of said lasers having a pair of reflective gratings and having a gain medium therebetween, at least one of said gratings being reflective over a narrow wavelength band which includes said lasing wavelength, and each of said gratings having a reflective wavelength spectrum; and

said lasing wavelengths of said lasers being spaced such that there is minimal overlap between said reflective wavelength spectrums of said gratings from different ones of said lasers over the range of the magnitude of said perturbation to be sensed.

2. The laser sensor of claim 1, further comprising a pump light source, for launching said pump light of a predetermined wavelength into said optical waveguide.

3. The laser sensor of claim 2, further comprising an additional gain medium disposed between said pump light source and said lasers.

4. The laser sensor of claim 1, further comprising analyzing means, responsive to said output light from said plurality of said lasers, for providing an output signal indicative of said perturbation in said optical waveguide.

5. The laser sensor of claim 1, wherein said pair of reflective gratings comprises one narrow band and one broadband grating.

6. The laser sensor of claim 1, wherein said output light is detected at the same end of said waveguide as said pump light is injected.

7. The laser sensor of claim 1, further comprising an additional gain medium disposed between said lasers.

8. The laser sensor of claim 1, wherein said waveguide is an optical fiber.

9. The laser sensor of claim 1, wherein said gratings comprise Bragg gratings.

10. The laser sensor of claim 1, wherein said perturbation is a strain on said waveguide.

11. The laser sensor of claim 1, wherein said perturbation is a temperature change in said waveguide.

12. The laser sensor of claim 1, wherein at least one of said lasers operates in a single longitudinal mode.

13. The laser sensor of claim 1, wherein at least one of said lasers operates in a plurality of longitudinal modes.