Perfluoroalkylsulfonates, sulfonimides, and sulfonyl methides, and electrolytes containing them

• US 5,514,493 A
• Filed: 03/06/1995
• Issued: 05/07/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 03/06/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co (3M Company)
• Original Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co (3M Company)
• Inventors: Moore, George G. I., Hamrock, Steven J., Lamanna, William M., Krause, Larry J., Waddell, Jennifer E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Bell, Bruce F.
• Application Number:
  US08/398,859
• Time in Patent Office: 428 Days
• Field of Search: 429/199, 429/198, 429/200, 429/203, 429/205, 429/192, 429/194, 252/62.2, 252/500
• US Class Current: 429/199
• CPC Class Codes: C07C 303/38 by reaction of ammonia or amines with sulfonic acids, or with esters, anhydrides, or halides thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C07C 311/48 having nitrogen atoms of sulfonamide groups further bound to another hetero atom
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/04 Cells with aqueous electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/166 by the solute

Abstract

An electrolyte composition that includes a salt disposed in a matrix in which the salt has a formula selected from the group consisting of ##STR1## in which X^- is --O^-, --N^- SO₂ R_f³, or ##STR2## Z is --CF₂ --, --O--, --NR_f⁸ --, or --SF₄ --; R_f¹ and R_f², independently, are --CF₃, --C_m F_2m+1, or --(CF₂)_q --SO₂ --X^- M⁺ ; R_f³, R_f⁴, and R_f⁵, independently, are --CF₃, --C_mf2m+1, --(CF₂)_q --X^- M⁺, ##STR3## R_f⁸ is --CF₃, --C_m F_2m+1, or --(CF₂)_q --SO₂ --X^- M⁺ ; R_f⁶ and R_f⁷, independently, are perfluoroalkylene moieties having the formula --C_r F_2r ; n is 1-4; r is 1-4; m is 1-12; q is 1-4; and M⁺ is a counterion.

Claims

1. An electrolyte composition comprising a salt disposed in a matrix,

said salt having a formula selected from the group consisting of ##STR11## in which X^- is selected from the group consisting of --O^-, --N^- SO₂ R_f³ and ##STR12## Z is selected from the group consisting of --CF₂ --, --O--, --NR_f⁸ --, and --SF₄ --;

R_f¹ and R_f², independently, are selected from the group consisting of --CF₃, --C_m F_2m+1, and --(CF₂)_q --SO₂ --X^- M⁺ ;

R_f³, R_f⁴, and R_f⁵, independently, are selected from the group consisting of --CF₃, --C_m F_2m+1, --(CF₂)_q --SO₂ --X^- M⁺, ##STR13## R_f⁸ is selected from the group consisting of --CF₃, --C_m F_2m+1, and --(CF₂)_q --SO₂ --X^- M⁺ ;

R_f⁶ and R_f⁷, independently, are perfluoroalkylene moieties having the formula --C_r F_2r ;

where n is 1-4;

r is 1-4;

m is 1-12;

q is 1-4; and

M⁺ is a counterion.

2. The electrolyte composition of claim 1 wherein M⁺ is selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, rare earths, NH.sub.(4-j) R_j⁺, R_j C(NH.sub.(2-j) R_j)₂⁺, and C(NH.sub.(2-j) R_j)₃ in which j is 0-2 and R_j is selected from the group consisting of --H, an alkyl group, an oxalkyl group, or an aryl group.

3. The electrolyte composition of claim 1 wherein M⁺ is a lithium ion.

4. The electrolyte composition of claim 1 wherein said salt is selected from the group consisting of those having the following formulas:

##STR14##

5. The electrolyte composition of claim 1 wherein said salt is selected from the group consisting of those having the following formulae:

##STR15##

6. The electrolyte composition of claim 1 wherein said salt has the formula ##STR16##

7. The electrolyte composition of claim 1 wherein said salt is selected from the group consisting of those having the following formulae:

##STR17##

8. The electrolyte composition of claim 1 further comprising a salt selected from the group consisting of M⁺ BF₄ ;

M⁺ SbF₆^- ;

M⁺ AsF₆^- ;

M⁺ ClO₄^- ;

M⁺ C^- (SO₂ CF₃)₃ ;

M⁺ PF₆^- ;

CF₃ SO₃^- M⁺ ;

(CF₃ SO₂)₂ N^- M⁺ ; and

combinations thereof, where M⁺ is a counterion.

9. The electrolyte composition of claim 1 wherein said matrix comprises a matrix selected from the group consisting of polymers, aprotic liquids, and mixtures thereof.

10. The electrolyte composition of claim 1 wherein said matrix comprises an aprotic liquid medium.

11. A battery comprising:

at least one positive electrode;

at least one negative electrode; and

an electrolyte comprising a salt disposed in a matrix,

said salt having the formula selected from the group consisting of ##STR18## in which X^- is selected from the group consisting of O^-, N^- SO₂ R_f³, and ##STR19## Z is selected from the group consisting of --CF₂ --, --O--, --NR_f⁸, and --SF₄ --, R_f¹ and R_f², independently, are selected from the group consisting of --CF₃, --C_m F_2m+1, and --(CF₂)_q --SO₂ --X^- M⁺, R_f³, R_f⁴, and R_f⁵, independently, are selected from the group consisting of --CF₃, --C_m F_2m+1, --(CF₂)_q --SO₂ --X^- M⁺, ##STR20## R_f⁸ is selected from the group consisting of --CF₃, --C_m F_2m+1, and --(CF₂)_q --SO₂ --X^- M⁺ ;

R_f⁶ and R_f⁷, independently, are perfluoroalkylene moieties having the formula --C_r F_2r ;

where n is 1-4;

r is 1-4;

m is 1-12;

q is 1-4; and

M⁺ is a counterion.

12. The battery of claim 11 wherein said negative or positive electrode comprises an aluminum current collector.

13. A salt having a formula selected from the group consisting of ##STR21## in which X^- is selected from the group consisting of --N^- SO₂ R_f³ and ##STR22## Z is selected from the group consisting of --CF₂ --, --O--, --NR_f⁸ --, and --SF₄ --;

R_f¹ and R_f², independently, are selected from the group consisting of --CF₃, --C_m F_2m+1, and --(CF₂)_q --SO₂ --Q^- M⁺ ;

Q is selected from the group consisting of --O^-, --N^- SO₂ R_f³ and ##STR23## R_f³, R_f⁴, and R_f⁵, independently, are selected from the group consisting of --CF₃, --C_m F_2m+1, --(CF₂)_q --SO₂ --Q^- M⁺, ##STR24## R_f⁸ is selected from the group consisting of --CF₃, --C_m F_2m+1, and --(CF₂)_q --SO₂ --Q^- M⁺ ;

R_f⁶ and R_f⁷, independently, are perfluoroalkylene moieties having the formula --C_r F_2r ;

where n is 1-4;

r is 1-4;

m is 1-12;

q is 1-4; and

M⁺ is a counterion.

14. The salt of claim 13 which is selected from the group consisting of those having the following formulae:

##STR25##