Dither image scanner with compensation for individual detector response and gain correction

• US 5,514,865 A
• Filed: 06/10/1994
• Issued: 05/07/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 06/10/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Westinghouse Electric Company LLC (Brookfield Asset Management Incorporated)
• Inventors: O'Neil, William F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Westin, Edward P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): NICHOLS, STEVEN
• Application Number:
  US08/257,851
• Time in Patent Office: 697 Days
• Field of Search: 250/208.1, 250/234, 250/214 AG, 250/252.1, 358/445, 358/446, 358/452, 358/453, 358/462, 358/474, 360/77.17
• US Class Current: 250/208.1
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/401 Compensating positionally unequal response of the pick-up or reproducing head H04N1/403 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/48 Increasing resolution by shifting the sensor relative to the scene
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/671 for non-uniformity detection or correction
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/674 based on the scene itself, e.g. defocusing
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/71 Charge-coupled device [CCD] sensors; Charge-transfer registers specially adapted for CCD sensors
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/33 Transforming infrared radiation cameras or camera modules for generating image signals from infrared radiation H04N23/20; circuitry of SSIS for transforming infrared radiation into image signals H04N25/20

Abstract

A system for sensing images using a detector array and correcting errors in the image signals caused by gain and offset variations from detector to detector in the array is disclosed. To correct gain and offset errors, the detector array is dithered by moving the detector line of sight between consecutive frames according to a predetermined pattern. This dithering causes different detectors to image the same location in the scene during different frames, and causes two adjacent detectors to scan between the same two points in the scene during a cycle of the dither pattern. Image data generated from the dithering is used to remove gain and offset errors from the sensed images, and to generate gain and offset correction values to be stored in a table and applied to the sensed images. The system is also adapted to compensate for scene changes when the detector array is installed on a moving platform.

Claims

1. A dither scan detector compensation apparatus comprising:

means for sensing images in a scene using an array of individual detectors and generating output signals from the detectors corresponding to portions of the scene observed;

means for dithering the sensing means according to a dither pattern, the dither pattern allowing for detector overlap and common scan paths;

means for correcting gain and offset errors in the output signals from the individual detectors resulting from variations in gain and offset from detector to detector in the detector array based on signals resulting from the detector overlap and the common scan paths provided by the dither pattern;

means for correcting global gain errors common to all the individual detectors in the detector array; and

means for correcting global offset errors common to all the individual detectors in the detector array.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the correcting means further comprises:

means for determining gain corrections for correcting the gain variations from detector to detector based on signals resulting from the common scan paths provided by the dither pattern;

means for applying the gain corrections to the output signals from the individual detectors.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the correcting means further comprises:

means for determining offset corrections for correcting the offset variations from detector to detector based on detector signals overlaid in the detector pattern; and

means for applying the offset corrections to the output signals from the individual detectors.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising digitizing means for converting the output signals generated by the sensing means from analog to digital form.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said gain and offset correcting means includes memory means for storing the detector signals after gain and offset errors have been corrected.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said dither pattern is a four point square pattern.

7. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the correcting means further comprises:

means for determining offset corrections for correcting the offset variations from detector to detector based on detector signals overlaid in the detector pattern; and

means for applying the offset corrections to the output signals from the individual detectors.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising:

means for subtracting current frame data from previous frame data;

means for comparing the result of the subtracting step to a predetermined threshold;

a change map having an entry for each individual detector in the detector array;

means for storing in each entry of the change map a first value if the output of the subtracting means exceeds the predetermined threshold, and a second value if the output of the subtracting means does not exceed the predetermined threshold;

means for adjusting the gain and offset correction values only for detectors corresponding to entries in the change map having the second value.

9. A method for dither scanning a scene using an array of detectors in order to compensate for gain and offset errors in the detector array, comprising the steps of:

sensing images in a scene using the detector array and generating output signals from the detectors corresponding to portions of the scene observed;

dithering the detector array according to a dither pattern, the dither pattern allowing for detector overlap and common scan paths among individual detectors in the detector array;

correcting gain and offset errors resulting from variations in gain and offset from detector to detector in the detector array based on signals resulting from the detector overlap and the common scan paths provided by the dither pattern;

correcting global gain errors common to all the individual detectors in the detector array; and

correcting global offset errors common to all the individual detectors in the detector array.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the correcting step further comprises:

determining gain corrections for correcting the gain variations from detector to detector based on signals resulting from the common scan paths provided by the dither pattern;

applying the gain corrections to the output signals from the individual detectors.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein the correcting step further comprises:

determining offset corrections for correcting the offset variations from detector to detector based on detector signals overlaid in the detector pattern; and

applying the offset corrections to the output signals from the individual detectors.

12. The method of claim 9, further comprising the step of:

converting the output signals generated by the sensing means from analog to digital form.

13. The method of claim 9, wherein said gain and offset correcting step includes the step of storing the detector signals in a memory after gain and offset errors have been corrected.

14. The method of claim 9, wherein said dither pattern is a four point square pattern.

15. The method of claim 10, wherein the correcting step further comprises the steps of:

determining offset corrections for correcting the offset variations from detector to detector based on detector signals overlaid in the detector pattern; and

applying the offset corrections to the output signals from the individual detectors.

16. A dither scan detector compensation apparatus for compensating for variations in gain and offset from detector to detector in a detector array, comprising:

a detector array having a plurality of individual detectors that sense images in a scene and generate output signals corresponding to portions of the scene observed by the detector array;

a dithering apparatus that dithers the detector array by moving the detector line of sight between consecutive frames according to a predetermined dither pattern;

an A/D converter that digitizes the output signals from the individual detectors;

a gain corrector that applies a gain correction factor to the digitized output signals from the individual detectors;

an offset corrector that applies an offset correction factor to the digitized output signals from the individual detectors;

a memory that stores the digitized output signals after gain and offset correction by the gain corrector and offset corrector for a plurality of frames of the dither pattern;

a gain correction processor that receives detector data from the memory and calculates the gain correction factor based upon that data;

an offset correction processor that receives detector data from the memory and calculates the offset correction factor based upon that data;

a global gain corrector that corrects global gain errors common to all the individual detectors in the detector array; and

a global offset corrector that corrects global offset errors common to all the individual detectors in the detector array.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising:

an image formatter for converting the corrected detector data stored in the memory in proper format for display and outputting the converted data; and

a display for displaying the data output from the image formatter.