Method and equipment for bidirectional data transmission (protocol)

• US 5,515,035 A
• Filed: 01/24/1994
• Issued: 05/07/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 01/26/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Max B. Gut
• Original Assignee: Royale Consultants, Ltd.
• Inventors: Gut, Max B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Horabik, Michael
• Application Number:
  US08/186,447
• Time in Patent Office: 834 Days
• Field of Search: 340/825.07, 340/825.06, 340/825.5, 370/31, 370/85.2, 370/85.3, 370/93, 370/24, 370/29, 370/, 371/34, 371/67.1, 359/113, 359/136
• US Class Current: 370/445
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/413 with random access, e.g. carrier-sense multiple-access with collision detection [CSMA-CD]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/4135 using bit-wise arbitration
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 74/08 Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA hybrid access H04W74/02

Abstract

With this method, a CSMA/CA protocol can be used for the transmission of data by means of infra-red light or radio (or other non-hard-wired transmission media). For this purpose a communicator that has a transmit requirement and has not yet received a bit identifies itself as an initiating communicator, and one that has no transmit requirement but has received a bit identifies itself as a receiving communicator. At the start of data transmission the initiating communicator sends a double length start bit (D) representing its identity and then waits a defined time (tc), during which the receiving communicator sends back an echo in the form of a single length start bit (B). The initiating communicator waits after each bit transmitted for the echo and compares this on receipt with the transmitted bit, its transmission being interrupted after a mismatch. After the data transmission, and provided there is no further transmit requirement, the identities of initiating and receiving communicators are removed.

Claims

1. A method for half duplex bi-directional communication of data, whereby information is transmitted by using a protocol implemented between first and second communicators (KP1, KP2), each comprising a transmitter and a receiver, and whereby the transmission of data is in serial bit form with the time between successive data bit transmission being a period t_a and the direction of data signal transmission therebetween is switchable, comprising the steps of:

generating transmit identification signals by which said first communicator identifies itself as a massage initiating communicator (IKP) prior to transmitting a bit of a data signal;

generating receipt identification signals by which said second communicator identifies itself as a message receiving communicator (EKP) after receipt of a transmitted bit of a data signal;

broadcasting from said first communicator (IKP) a double length start bit (D) representing said first communicator identity at the beginning of each character of the data transmission;

waiting, by said first communicator, a defined time (t_c) having about one half the duration of said t_a time period;

sending, by said second communicator (EKP) back an echo signal in the form and duration of a single length start bit (B) during the defined time (t_c) only after the of the double length start bit (D);

waiting, by the first communicator, for an echo signal after each transmitted data bit of a character;

comparing, by the first communicator, each transmitted data bit with the received echo bit;

breaking off transmission should a mismatch occur between said transmitted data bit and the received echo bit; and

generating signals to remove identification of said first and second communicators as initiating (IKP) and receiving (EKP) communicators.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a communicator which is not in a receive zone of an initiating communicator (IKP) but is however in a receive zone of a receiving communicator (EKP), further comprising the steps of receiving an echoed single length start bit (B) and thereby itself becomes a receiving communicator (EKP), interpreting the single length start bit (B) as coming from a receiving communicator (EKP) and refraining from sending back an echo bit.

3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of transmitting the bits in the form of impulses, and modulating said bits with a combination of pulse position modulation and pulse width modulation.

4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising the steps of forming the impulses from the envelopes of bursts of oscillations.

5. The method according to claim 3, further comprising the steps of:

transmitting, at the start of the first half period (tb), an impulse (B) signal for the representation of a logic "1" half as long as one half (tb) of a time period (ta) between the transmission of bits;

transmitting, beginging in the middle of the first half period (tb) an impulse (C) signal for the representation of a logic "˜

O" half as long as one half (tb) of the time period (ta) between the transmission of bits;

transmitting an impulse (D) signal which is virtually as long as the half period (tb) of the aforementioned time period (ta), interpreted as a double logic "1"; and

transmitting no impulse (A) signal during the duration of the half period (tb) of the time period (ta) interpreted as a double logic "O".

6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising the steps of each communicator listening for at least two time periods (ta) before beginning to transmit.

7. The method according to claim 5, further comprising the steps of interpreting, if no impulse (A) is sent as the first transmitted data bit (DO) of a character, as a transition to a service function, whereby service commands are transmitted using the following data bits (D1-D7).

8. The method according to claim 1, whereby two communicators are situated in a current transmit/receive zone and are identified with addresses, and if both of these communicators begin to transmit simultaneously, said method further comprising the steps of:

terminating transmission from both of said communicators

waiting a defined time, and

using the addresses of the communicators to determine the point in time at which to begin repeated transmission by said communicators.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, for a second attempt at transmission, said method further comprises the steps of:

transmitting first for each communicator that has a logic "O" as the last address bit,

transmitting second for each communicator that has a logic "1" as the last address bit a unit of time later, and

transmitting thereafter the next higher address bit is used until the highest address bit is reached.

10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of identifying the initiating communicator (IKP) and the receiving communicator (EKP) by the setting of a memory element respectively associated with each communicator.

11. Apparatus for half duplex bidirectional data communication with a direction of data signal transmission which is switchable and the transmission of data is in serial bit form with the time between successive data bit transmission being a period t_a, said apparatus including first and second communicators (KP1, KP2), both comprising:

a transmitter for transmitting data signals in response to transmission control signals;

a receiver for receiving said data signals in response to receiver control signals, and

a control unit connected to the transmitter and the receiver for generating said transmitter and receiver control signals and having a first memory element for identification as an initiating communicator (IKP) and a second memory element for identification as a receiving communicator (EKP);

said control unit receiving a first input (Test) signal and a second input (Loop back) signal such that said first input (Test) is connected to said first memory element, and said second input (Loop back) is connected to said second memory element

said control unit further including a means for generating transmit identification signals by which said first communicator identifies itself as a message initiating communicator (IKP) prior to transmitting a bit of a data signal;

a means for generating receipt identification signals by which said second communicator identifies itself as a message receiving communicator (EKP) after receipt of a transmitted bit of a data signal;

a means for broadcasting from said first communicator (IKP) a double length start bit (D) representing said first communicator identity at the beginning of each character of the data transmission;

a means for waiting, by said first communicator, a defined time (t_c) having about one half the duration of said time period t_a ;

a means for sending by said second communicator (EKP) back an echo signal in the form and duration of a single length start bit (B) during the defined time (t_c) only after the reception of the double length start bit (D);

a means for waiting, by the first communicator, for an echo signal after each transmitted data bit of a character;

a means for comparing, by the first communicator, each transmitted data bit with the received echo bit;

a means for breaking off transmission should a mismatch occur between said transmitted data bit and the received echo bit; and

a means for generating signals to remove identification of said first and second communicators as initiating (IKP) and receiving (EKP) communicators.

12. Apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said control unit is connected to the transmitter via one signal (Out TxD) and to the receiver via a second signal (In RxD);

each of said communicators further comprising an oscillator connected to said control unit;

a voltage level shifter connected to said control unit via a third signal (Input_-- TxD) and a fourth signal (Output RxD), said voltage level shifter receiving the data signal to be transmitted via a fifth signal (TxD) and outputs the data signal via a sixth signal (RxD).

13. Apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said control unit further comprises a transmit part, a receive part and a state machine, which are connected to each other;

the transmit part further having a modulator and a multiplexer whereby the state machine generates signals to coordinate the interaction of the transmit part and the receive part during transmission and reception.