Closed loop pressure determination system and method for fiber optic pressure transducer system

• US 5,517,998 A
• Filed: 01/24/1994
• Issued: 05/21/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 01/24/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Coopersurgical Incorporated (The Cooper Cos., Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Enpath Medical, Inc. (Integer Holdings Corporation Inc)
• Inventors: Madison, Dennis S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Sykes, Angela D.
• Assistant Examiner(s): WINAKUR, ERIC FRANK
• Application Number:
  US08/186,007
• Time in Patent Office: 848 Days
• Field of Search: 128/748, 128/667, 128/673, 128/666, 128/675
• US Class Current: 600/473
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02154 by optical transmission
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/03 Detecting, measuring or recording fluid pressure within the body other than blood pressure, e.g. cerebral pressure; Measuring pressure in body tissues or organs A61B5/205 takes precedence

Abstract

A closed loop control system for a fiber optic pressure transducer and a method of operation for such a system are disclosed. A flexible, pressure sensitive membrane of the pressure transducer is pressure coupled on one surface to a pressure to be measured and on its opposite surface to a sealed passage within an optical fiber pathway connected to a control module. The pressure within the passage is adjusted by a pressure generator to compensate for changes in the pressure being measured, in response to an output signal from a comparator in the control module. That output signal is the result of a comparison between a predetermined reference pressure signal and a modulated light signal from the pressure transducer indicative of a change in the measured pressure. The adjusted pressure within the lumen passage is sensed to provide a pressure reading equivalent to the measured pressure, since the pressure in the lumen passage is adjusted to equalize the pressures on the opposite surfaces of the pressure sensitive membrane.

Claims

1. A closed loop pressure determination system incorporating a pressure transducer comprising:

a lumen enclosing an optical pathway having proximal and distal ends for sending and receiving light signals, said lumen including a sealed internal passage;

said pressure transducer comprising a pressure responsive member disposed at said distal end of said optical pathway, said member having first and second surfaces wherein said first surface is exposed to a first variable pressure p₁ sought to be repeatedly determined, said member second surface being pressure coupled to said passage at a second variable pressure p₂, said pressure responsive member being provided for modulating a light signal traveling along said optical pathway in response to changes in said first variable pressure p₁ ;

a reference pressure sensor, said reference pressure sensor being pressure coupled to said lumen passage, said reference pressure sensor providing an output signal indicative of said pressure p₂ ;

a comparator in signal receiving communication with said pressure transducer for receiving said modulated light signal and in communication with a signal source indicative of a pre-established reference pressure p_ref, and for providing a comparator output signal indicative of the pressure difference Δ

p wherein

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">Δ

p=p.sub.ref -(p.sub.1 -p.sub.2);

and

a pressure variation means connected to said comparator for receiving said output signal, said lumen passage being sealingly connected in fluid flow communication with said pressure variation means, said means being provided for varying the pressure p₂ within the passage and on the second surface in response to the comparator output signal so as to make p₂ =p₁ +c, where c equals a predetermined constant.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein said optical pathway is disposed within said sealed internal passage of said lumen and comprises a single fiber optic transmission path for sending light signals to said pressure transducer and a single fiber optic return path connected between said pressure transducer and said comparator for returning said modulated light signal to the comparator.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein:

said optical pathway comprises at least one optically conducting elongate fiber;

said pressure transducer comprises a cylindrical housing defined by a cylindrical wall having an aperture in one side of the cylindrical wall and an internal bore receiving said distal end of said optical pathway in a predetermined position relative to said aperture; and

said pressure responsive member is disposed on said housing in covering relation to said aperture and is free to deflect in response to changes in said pressures p₁ and p₂, said first surface of said member being directed outward relative to said aperture and said second surface of said member being directed inward relative to said aperture.

4. The system of claim 3 wherein said pressure responsive member comprises a sleeve encircling said housing.

5. The system of claim 1 wherein said pressure variation means comprises an audio speaker coil having means to generate air pressure changes in a pressure chamber connected to said lumen passage.

6. A method of determining a pressure p₁ using a closed loop control apparatus, said apparatus including:

a pressure transducer, said pressure transducer including;

a lumen enclosing an optical pathway having proximal and distal ends, said lumen including a sealed internal passage;

a pressure responsive member disposed at said distal end of said optical pathway, said member having first and second surfaces wherein said first surface is exposed to a first variable pressure p₁ sought to be repeatedly determined, said member second surface being pressure coupled to said passage at a second variable pressure p₂, said pressure responsive member being provided for modulating the intensity of a light signal traveling along said optical pathway in response to changes in said first variable pressure p₁ ;

a reference pressure sensor means, said reference pressure sensor means being pressure coupled to said lumen passage, said reference pressure sensor providing an output signal indicative of said pressure p₂ ;

a comparator for receiving said modulated light signal, said modulated light signal indicative of the pressure difference p₁ -p₂ between the first and second surfaces, and a signal indicative of a preestablished reference pressure p_ref and for providing a comparator output signal indicative of the pressure difference Δ

p wherein

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">Δ

p=p.sub.ref -(p.sub.1 -p.sub.2);

and

a pressure variation means for varying the pressure p₂ within the lumen passage;

wherein said method comprises;

establishing a fixed reference pressure signal independent of said reference pressure sensor means for a condition where p₁ +c=p₂, where c equals a predetermined constant;

generating a modulated light signal by operation of said pressure responsive member;

providing said modulated light signal and said reference pressure signal to said comparator;

comparing said modulated light signal and said reference pressure signal;

providing a comparator output signal to said pressure variation means, said comparator output signal indicative of the difference between said signal indicative of said reference pressure and said modulated light signal;

varying the pressure p₂ by said pressure variation means within the passage and on the second surface in response to the comparator output signal so as to make p₂ =p₁ ; and

determining the pressure p₂ and therefore the pressure p₁ with said reference pressure sensor.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein said reference pressure signal is established to be indicative of a zero pressure differential across said pressure responsive member and the constant c=0.