Method and apparatus for the two-stage selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-containing gas mixture

• US 5,518,705 A
• Filed: 08/22/1994
• Issued: 05/21/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 08/22/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Ballard Power Systems Corporation (Superior Plus Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Ballard Power Systems Corporation (Superior Plus Corporation)
• Inventors: Buswell, Richard F., Cohen, Ronald, McNeilly, Leonard, Watkins, David S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Straub, Gary P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Vanoy, Timothy C.
• Application Number:
  US08/293,653
• Time in Patent Office: 638 Days
• Field of Search: 423/247, 423/437, 429/13, 429/24, 431/78, 422/111
• US Class Current: 423/437.2
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/864 Removing carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 8/0446 the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/044 Selective oxidation of carbon monoxide
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/047 the impurity being carbon monoxide
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/583 the reaction being the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide

Abstract

An apparatus and method are provided for the two-stage selective oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide in a fuel stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The apparatus includes primary and secondary reaction chambers, which deliver a hydrogen-rich outlet gas stream having a carbon monoxide concentration of less than about 5 ppm. When an increase in the carbon monoxide concentration in the outlet stream of the primary reaction chamber is detected, then the flow through the primary reaction chamber is reversed. The selective oxidizer employs a temperature-based control strategy as an oxygen-containing gas stream flow rate adjustment around the flow rate initially set in direct proportion to the fuel gas stream flow rate. The control strategy regulates the amount of oxygen-containing gas mixed with the gaseous fuel stream as a function of the difference between the temperature at a location at or near the end of the primary reaction chamber and the temperature at the outlet of the primary reaction chamber.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the rate of selective oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide in a fuel stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide introduced to a reaction chamber having disposed therein an amount of catalyst for promoting oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide, said reaction chamber further comprising a fuel stream inlet, an oxygen-containing gas stream inlet having a valve for regulating flow therethrough, an outlet, a first thermocouple which is located in the reactor chamber downstream from said fuel stream inlet a distance that is about 60-90% of the length from the said fuel stream inlet to said reactor outlet for measuring the temperature of said reaction chamber near said outlet, and a second thermocouple for measuring the temperature within said outlet, said method comprising:

(a) measuring the flow rate of said fuel gas stream introduced to said reaction chamber at said fuel stream inlet;

(b) actuating said oxygen-containing gas stream inlet valve such that an amount of oxygen-containing gas is introduced to said reaction chamber at a flow rate in direct proportion to the flow rate of said fuel gas stream as measured in step (a);

(c) actuating said oxygen-containing gas stream inlet valve to increase the flow rate of said oxygen-containing gas stream into said reaction chamber from the flow rate established in step (b) when the difference between the temperature measured by said first thermocouple and the temperature measure by said second thermocouple is greater than a pre-set control temperature difference; and

(d) actuating said oxygen-containing gas stream inlet valve to decrease the flow rate of said oxygen-containing gas stream into said reaction chamber from the flow rate established in step (b) when the difference between the temperature measured by said first thermocouple and the temperature measure by said second thermocouple is less than said pre-set control temperature difference.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said first thermocouple is located within said reactor chamber downstream from said fuel stream inlet a distance that is about 90% of the length from said fuel stream inlet to said reactor outlet.