Frame sampling scheme for video scanning in a video-on-demand system

• US 5,521,630 A
• Filed: 04/04/1994
• Issued: 05/28/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 04/04/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Kandlur, Dilip D., Yu, Philip S., Chen, Ming-Syan
• Primary Examiner(s): Kostak, Victor R.
• Application Number:
  US08/222,781
• Time in Patent Office: 785 Days
• Field of Search: 348/7, 348/12, 348/13, 348/714-716, 348/718, 348/719, 455/4.2, 455/5.1, 455/6.1
• US Class Current: 725/90
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/2312 Data placement on disk arrays data placement in general G06F3/0604
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/2387 Stream processing in response to a playback request from an end-user, e.g. for trick-play
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/47202 for requesting content on demand, e.g. video on demand
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/17318 Direct or substantially direct transmission and handling of requests
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/17336 Handling of requests in head-ends

Abstract

A system and method for performing variable speed scanning or browsing, wherein a user controls the playout speed of a movie, which does not require additional disk or network bandwidth resources. In a preferred embodiment, the method provides for scanning operations for an Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) video stream. The method satisfies the constraints of the MPEG decoder (in the users set-top box) and require a minimum of additional system resources. The embodiments of the present invention include (a) a storage method, (b1) a segment sampling method, (b2) a segment placement method, and (c) a playout method, where (b1) and (b2) are two alternatives for segment selection. Thus, two sets of solutions are provided to support variable speed scanning in a disk-array-based video server: One using (a), (b1) and (c), and the other using (a), (b2) and (c).

Claims

1. A method of performing variable speed scanning operations in a video server wherein at least one data stream is provided from a mass storage media, comprising the steps of:

receiving, by the video server, a performance request from a viewer for showing a particular video;

transmitting a first data stream carrying the particular video from the video server to reception equipment at the viewer'"'"'s location;

receiving, by the video server, a scanning request including control data indicative of the viewer'"'"'s selection of a scanning speed from a selectable range of scanning speeds faster than a normal playout speed;

based at least in part on the control data and a number of storage devices included in the mass storage media, identifying particular frames of the video to be retrieved from the mass storage media; and

,

transmitting, to the viewer'"'"'s location, a second data stream including the particular frames instead of the frames that would have been transmitted had the video continued at a normal playout speed.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the frames are identified and encoded as intra (I) frames, predictive frames and interpolated frames and stored in the mass storage media as units of retrieval, each of the units of retrieval comprising consecutive frames beginning with an I frame and ending before another I frame.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the storage media is an array of disks and comprising the further step of distributing the frames among the disks in the array as a function of a number of disks in the array and at least one predetermined scanning rate.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein mass storage media is a disk array, and wherein the particular frames of the video are distributed evenly among the disks.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the frames are stored as segments on the media and wherein each of the segments comprises a sequence of consecutive frames which can be decoded as a unit.

6. A method of performing scanning operations, comprising the steps of:

storing a video as blocks of data distributed among a plurality of storage devices;

performing the video for a user at a normal playout speed;

receiving a scanning request from the user;

responsive to the scanning request, identifying particular blocks of the data to be retrieved from the storage devices and provided to the user; and

,

retrieving the particular blocks of the data from the storage devices in parallel groups, wherein the quantity of the blocks retrieved in parallel for provision to the user in response to the scanning request is the same as the quantity of blocks retrieved in parallel for performance of the video at the normal playout speed.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein each of the blocks of the data each consist essentially of an intra (I) frame, a predictive frames and an interpolated frames in consecutive order, beginning with an I frame and ending before another I frame.

8. The method of claim 6 wherein the storing comprises the step of distributing the blocks of the data among the storage devices in a round robin sequence.

9. The method of claim 6 wherein the storing comprises the step of distributing the blocks of the data among the storage devices as a function of a particular scanning speed.