Color correct digital watermarking of images

• US 5,530,759 A
• Filed: 02/01/1995
• Issued: 06/25/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 02/01/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Magerlein, Karen A., Mintzer, Frederick C., Braudaway, Gordon W.
• Primary Examiner(s): SWANN, TOD R
• Application Number:
  US08/381,807
• Time in Patent Office: 510 Days
• Field of Search: 380/3, 380/4, 380/54, 380/59, 382/7, 355/201
• US Class Current: 380/54
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0028 Adaptive watermarking, e.g. Human Visual System [HVS]-based watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 11/00 2D [Two Dimensional] image generation
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0051 Embedding of the watermark in the spatial domain
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/00838 Preventing unauthorised reproduction
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32203 Spatial or amplitude domain methods H04N1/32309 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32208 involving changing the magnitude of selected pixels, e.g. overlay of information or super-imposition H04N1/32219, H04N1/32224 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32251 in multilevel data, e.g. greyscale or continuous tone data
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32309 in colour image data
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32325 the embedded data being visible
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/46 Colour picture communication systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2005/91335 the copy protection signal being a watermark
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/23892 involving embedding information at multiplex stream level, e.g. embedding a watermark at packet level
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/8358 involving watermark protecting executable software by watermarking G06F21/16; image watermarking in general G06T1/0021; watermarks inserted in still images for transmission purposes H04N1/32144; inserting watermarks during video coding H04N19/467
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3233 of authentication information, e.g. digital signature, watermark
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/913 for scrambling ; for copy protection

Abstract

A system for placing a visible "watermark" on a digital image is disclosed, wherein an image of the watermark is combined with the digital image. The pixels of the watermark image are examined, and for each pixel whose value is not a specified "transparent" value, the corresponding pixel of the original image is modified by changing its brightness but its chromaticities. This results in a visible mark which allows the contents of the image to be viewed clearly, but which discourages unauthorized use of the image.

Claims

1. A method of placing a visible watermark on a digital image, comprising the steps of:

providing a digital original image;

providing a digital watermark image; and

,

producing a watermarked image by superimposing the watermark image on the original image without changing the chromaticities of pixels of the original image as watermarked.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the producing comprises the steps of:

for each pixel in the watermark image that is not "transparent", modifying the corresponding pixel of the original image by changing the brightness but not the color.

3. A method of applying a digital watermark to an original image comprising the step of applying the watermark to the original image as a multiplicative correction on pixel sample values of the original image in a linear color space such that the chromaticities of the pixels are not changed.

4. A system for placing a visible watermark on a digital image, comprising:

a storage device having a digital original image and a digital watermark stored therein; and

,

means for producing a watermarked image by superimposing the watermark on the original image without changing the chromaticities of the original image as watermarked.

5. The system of claim 4 wherein the means for producing comprises:

means for modifying each pixel of the original image corresponding to a non-transparent watermark pixel, by changing the brightness but not the color.

6. A system for applying a digital watermark to an original digital image, comprising:

means for identifying a subset of pixels of the original image that will be modified as a result of applying the watermark;

means for determining a scaling value based on the values of the color components for each of the pixels in the subset,

means of multiplying each of the color components of each of the pixels in the subset by its scaling value, and

means for storing a resulting watermarked image.

7. A system for applying a digital watermark to an original digital image, comprising:

means for identifying a subset of pixels of the original image to be modified as a result of applying the watermark;

means for linearizing the color components of each pixel in the subset,

means for determining a scaling value based on the linearized values of the color components for each pixel in the subset,

means of multiplying each component of each pixel in the subset by its scaling value, and

means for delinearizing the modified components of each pixel in the subset, and

means for storing a resulting watermarked image.

8. The system of claim 7 wherein said means for determining a scaling value S is responsive to a random noise field.

9. The system of claim 7, wherein said means for determining a scaling value S is responsive to an element of a reproducible random sequence, or a noise sequence created by a ciphered key.

10. The system of claim 7 wherein said means for determining a scaling value S is responsive to the value of a corresponding watermark pixel.

11. A method for applying a digital watermark to an original digital image, comprising the steps of:

identifying a subset of pixels of the original image to be modified;

for each pixel in said subset of pixels,

determining a scaling value based on the values of the color components of said pixel; and

,

multiplying each component of said pixel by said scaling value S, and,

storing a resulting watermarked image.

12. The method of claim 11 comprising the further steps of:

prior to the determining, linearizing the color components of said pixel; and

, subsequent to the multiplying, delinearizing modified components of said pixel.