Produce ripening apparatus and method

• US 5,531,158 A
• Filed: 05/16/1994
• Issued: 07/02/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 05/16/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Dade Service Corporation
• Original Assignee: Perryman, Owen J. Jr.
• Inventors: Perryman, Owen J. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): BRINSON, PATRICK F
• Application Number:
  US08/243,330
• Time in Patent Office: 778 Days
• Field of Search: 99/467, 99/468, 99/472-476, 426/418, 426/419, 454/173, 454/228, 62/329
• US Class Current: 99/467
• CPC Class Codes: A23B 7/148 in a controlled atmosphere, e.g. partial vacuum, comprising only CO2, N2, O2 or H2O

Abstract

A produce-ripening room (1) has a pallet rack (8) designed to support one or more modular pairs of two loaded pallets (11) juxtaposed side-by-side with a select space between them for central distribution of conditioned atmosphere under pressure throughout produce crates (12) positioned on the pallets (11). The modular pairs of two loaded pallets (11) can be one-to-three tiers high, up to twelve tiers deep and as many tiers wide as desired stacked bin boxes may be substituted for the pallets. A top horizontal baffle (22) is positioned vertically above and extended from end-to-end over depth of the select space between the modular pairs of two loaded pallets (11) and seals (26, 27, 36, 37) are positioned on four sides of the select space to provide a central high-pressure plenum (25, 34) for a first embodiment. For a second embodiment, the top horizontal baffle (22) is extended over the entire pallet rack and valves (50) can be positioned at sides to create a chamber high-pressure central plenum (47) throughout the space occupied by stacked produce crates (12) in addition to central high-pressure plenums. A third embodiment omits the central high-pressure plenums and employs central pressure supply throughout the chamber plenum for a form of low-temperature pressure-processing of all types of produce in all types of crates. A closed-circuit color-television camera or optical sensor (58) and instrumentation (59) can provide remote observation and control.

Claims

1. A produce-ripening apparatus comprising:

a ripening chamber with front, rear and side walls, a floor and a ceiling;

the ripening chamber having design dimensions for containment of a pallet rack of a desired size and for providing design circulation of controlled atmosphere exterior to the pallet rack;

a door in a desired wall of the ripening chamber;

design airtightness of the ripening chamber with the door closed;

design thermal insulation of the walls, ceiling and floor of the ripening chamber;

an atmosphere conditioner in atmosphere-conditioning relationship to space inside of the ripening chamber;

at least two rack pillars of the pallet rack spaced apart a distance to receive two pallets juxtaposed on opposite sides of a central circulation section and to allow design side clearance intermediate outside lateral edges of the two pallets and inside lateral edges of the rack pillars;

the pallet rack being extended in length to receive a design plurality of juxtaposed pallets end-to-end;

the rack pillars being extended a vertical distance to receive at least one tier of produce crates stacked on the two pallets;

horizontal rack structure extended intermediate the rack pillars at a position vertically above the produce crates;

at least one top horizontal baffle positioned centrally on the horizontal rack structure;

at least one pressurizer positioned centrally on the top horizontal baffle and having fluid communication with conditioned atmosphere provided by the atmosphere conditioner;

at least one pressurization conveyance in fluid communication intermediate the pressurizer and the central circulation section; and

circulation seal means in sealing relationship between the top horizontal baffle and a high-pressure plenum in a return conveyance to the pressurizer respectively for each of the design plurality of juxtaposed pallets from-end-to-end of the pallet rack.

2. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 1 wherein:

the high-pressure plenum is the central circulation section between two stacks of produce crates on two pallets juxtaposed between the rack pillars; and

the high-pressure plenum is sealed by plenum seals at sides and edges of the high-pressure plenum.

3. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 2 wherein the rack pillars are extended a vertical distance to receive one tier of produce crates stacked on the two pallets and the plenum seals include:

a left-top vertical seal in sealing relationship between a left side of the top horizontal baffle and a right-top side of a left-side stack of the crates;

a right-top vertical seal in sealing relationship between a right side of the top horizontal baffle and a left-top side of a right-side stack of the crates;

a top-inside vertical cell baffle in sealing relationship between an inside end of the top horizontal baffle and inside walls of pallet-sealing rails with which the pallets are positioned on the floor of the ripening chamber;

a top-outside vertical cell baffle in sealing relationship between an outside end of the top horizontal baffle and inside walls of pallet-sealing rails with which the pallets are positioned on the floor of the ripening chamber; and

sides of produce crates on opposite sides of the high-pressure plenum, such that conditioned atmosphere in the high-pressure plenum is directed to a return conveyance that is first horizontal through in-line ventilation apertures in crates stacked on the pallets and then vertical intermediate outside lateral edges of the two pallets and inside surfaces of side walls of the ripening chamber en route back to the pressurizer respectively for each of the design plurality of juxtaposed pallets from-end-to-end of the pallet rack.

4. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 2 wherein the rack pillars are extended a vertical distance to receive two tiers of produce crates stacked on two pallets for each tier and further comprising:

a left-top vertical seal in sealing relationship between a left side of the top horizontal baffle and a right-top side of a top-left-side stack of the crates;

a right-top vertical seal in sealing relationship between a right side of the top horizontal baffle and a left-top side of a top-right-side stack of the crates;

a top-inside vertical cell baffle in sealing relationship between an inside end of the top horizontal baffle and inside ends of top pallet-sealing rails with which the pallets are supported on the rack pillars;

a top-outside vertical cell baffle in sealing relationship between an outside end of the top horizontal baffle and outside ends of top pallet-sealing rails with which the pallets are supported on the rack pillars;

sides of produce crates positioned on opposite sides of a top high-pressure plenum, such that conditioned atmosphere in the top high-pressure plenum is directed to a return conveyance that is first horizontal through in-line ventilation apertures in crates stacked on top pallets and then vertical intermediate outside lateral edges of two top pallets and inside surfaces of side walls of the ripening chamber en route back to the pressurizer respectively for each of the design plurality of juxtaposed pallets from-end-to-end of the pallet rack;

at least one central rack pillar extended from the floor of the ripening chamber to a second-tier central platform;

a left-top pallet-sealing rail attached to a left side of the second-tier platform at a bottom-left side of the top high-pressure plenum;

a right-top pallet-sealing rail attached to a right side of the second-tier platform at a bottom-right side of the top high-pressure plenum;

a left-bottom vertical seal in sealing relationship between a left side of the left-top pallet-sealing rail and a right-top side of a bottom-left-side stack of the crates;

a right-bottom vertical seal in sealing relationship between a right side of the right-top pallet-sealing rail and a left-top side of a bottom-right-side stack of the crates;

a bottom-inside vertical cell baffle in sealing relationship between a left side of the left-top pallet-sealing rail, a right side of the right-top pallet-sealing rail, and inside walls of and inside end of pallet-sealing rails with which the pallets are positioned on the floor of the ripening chamber;

a bottom-outside vertical cell baffle in sealing relationship between a left side of the left-top pallet-sealing rail, a right side of the right-top pallet-sealing rail, and inside walls of an outside end of pallet-sealing rails with which the pallets are positioned on the floor of the ripening chamber; and

sides of produce crates positioned on opposite sides of a bottom high-pressure plenum, such that conditioned atmosphere in the bottom high-pressure plenum is directed to a return conveyance that is first horizontal through in-line ventilation apertures in crates stacked on bottom pallets and then vertical intermediate outside lateral edges of two bottom pallets and inside surfaces of side walls of the ripening chamber en route back to the pressurizer respectively for each of the design plurality of juxtaposed pallets from-end-to-end of the pallet rack.

5. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 4 and further comprising:

at least one central rack pillar extended from the second-tier central platform to the horizontal rack structure extended intermediate the rack pillars.

6. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 2 wherein the rack pillars are extended a vertical distance to receive three tiers of produce crates stacked on two pallets for each tier and further comprising:

at least one central rack pillar extended from the floor of the ripening chamber to a second-tier central platform;

at least one central rack pillar extended from the second-tier central platform to a third-tier central platform;

a left-top vertical seal in sealing relationship between a left side of the top horizontal baffle and a right-top side of a top-left-side stack of the crates;

a right-top vertical seal in sealing relationship between a right side of the top horizontal baffle and a left-top side of a top-right-side stack of the crates;

a top-inside vertical cell baffle in sealing relationship between an inside end of the top horizontal baffle and inside ends of top pallet-sealing rails with which the pallets are supported on the rack pillars;

a top-outside vertical cell baffle in sealing relationship between an outside end of the top horizontal baffle and outside ends of top pallet-sealing rails with which the pallets are supported on the rack pillars;

sides of produce crates positioned on opposite sides of a top high-pressure plenum, such that conditioned atmosphere in the top high-pressure plenum is directed to a return conveyance that is first horizontal through in-line ventilation apertures in crates stacked on top pallets and then vertical intermediate outside lateral edges of two top-tier pallets and inside surfaces of side walls of the ripening chamber en route back to the pressurizer respectively for each of the design plurality of juxtaposed pallets from-end-to-end of the pallet rack;

a left-second pallet-sealing rail attached to a left side of the third-tier central platform at a bottom-left side of the top high-pressure plenum;

a right-second pallet-sealing rail attached to a right side of the third-tier central platform at a bottom-right side of the top high-pressure plenum;

a left-second vertical seal in sealing relationship between a right side of the left-second pallet-sealing rail and a right-top side of a second left-side stack of the crates;

a right-second vertical seal in sealing relationship between a left side of the right-second pallet-sealing rail and a left-top side of a second right-side stack of the crates;

a second inside vertical cell baffle in sealing relationship between a left side of the left-second pallet-sealing rail, a right side of the right-second pallet-sealing rail, and inside walls of an inside end of pallet-sealing rails with which pallets are supported on the second central platform;

a second-outside vertical cell baffle in sealing relationship between a left side of the left-top pallet-sealing rail, a right side of the right-second pallet-sealing rail, and inside walls of an outside end of pallet-sealing rails with which pallets are supported on the second-tier central platform;

sides of produce crates positioned on opposite sides of a second high-pressure plenum, such that conditioned atmosphere in the second high-pressure plenum is directed to a return conveyance that is first horizontal through in-line ventilation apertures in crates stacked on second-tier pallets and then vertical intermediate outside lateral edges of two second-tier pallets and inside surfaces of side walls of the ripening chamber en route back to the pressurizer respectively for each of the design plurality of juxtaposed pallets from-end-to-end of the pallet rack;

a left-bottom pallet-sealing rail attached to a left side of the second-tier platform at a bottom-left side of the second high-pressure plenum;

a right-bottom pallet-sealing rail attached to a right side of the second-tier platform at a bottom-right side of the second high-pressure plenum;

a left-bottom vertical seal in sealing relationship between a left side of the left-bottom pallet-sealing rail and a right-bottom side of a bottom-left-side stack of the crates;

a right-bottom vertical seal in sealing relationship between a right side of the right-bottom pallet-sealing rail and a left-bottom side of a bottom-right-side stack of the crates;

a bottom-inside vertical cell baffle in sealing relationship between a left side of the left-bottom pallet-sealing rail, a right side of the right-bottom pallet-sealing rail, and inside walls of and inside end of pallet-sealing rails with which bottom pallets are positioned on the floor of the ripening chamber;

a bottom-outside vertical cell baffle in sealing relationship between a left side of the left-bottom pallet-sealing rail, a right side of the right-bottom pallet-sealing rail, and inside walls of an outside end of pallet-sealing rails with which the bottom pallets are positioned on the floor of the ripening chamber; and

sides of produce crates positioned on opposite sides of a bottom high-pressure plenum, such that conditioned atmosphere in the bottom high-pressure plenum is directed to a return conveyance that is first horizontal through in-line ventilation apertures in crates stacked on bottom-tier pallets and then vertical intermediate outside lateral edges of the bottom-tier pallets and inside surfaces of side walls of the ripening chamber en route back to the pressurizer respectively for each of the design plurality of juxtaposed pallets from-end-to-end of the pallet rack.

7. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 4 and further comprising:

a permeable walkway positioned on the top of central rack pillars and extended from-end-to-end of the pallet rack;

pivot means on the top-inside vertical cell baffle and on the top-outside vertical cell baffle, such that the permeable walkway provides an inspection platform for visual inspection of produce in the crates on opposite sides of the top high-pressure plenum; and

pivot means on the bottom-inside vertical cell baffle and on the bottom-outside vertical cell baffle, such that the permeable walkway provides an inspection platform that is accessible through pivotal vertical-cell baffles for visual inspection of produce in the crates on opposite sides of the bottom high-pressure plenum.

8. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 6 and further comprising:

a permeable walkway positioned on the top of top central rack pillars and extended from-end-to-end of the pallet rack;

pivot means on the top-inside vertical cell baffle and on the top-outside vertical cell baffle, such that the permeable walkway provides an inspection platform that is accessible through pivotal vertical-cell baffles for visual inspection of produce in the crates on opposite sides of the top high-pressure plenum;

a permeable walkway positioned on the top of second central rack pillars and extended from-end-to-end of the pallet rack;

pivot means on the second-inside vertical cell baffle and on the second-outside vertical cell baffle, such that the permeable walkway provides an inspection platform that is accessible through pivotal vertical-cell baffles for visual inspection of produce in the crates on opposite sides of the top high-pressure plenum; and

pivot means on the bottom-inside vertical cell baffle and on the bottom-outside vertical cell baffle, such that the permeable walkway provides an inspection platform that is accessible through pivotal vertical-cell baffles for visual inspection of produce in the crates on opposite sides of the bottom high-pressure plenum.

9. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 1 wherein:

the high-pressure plenum is a chamber high-pressure plenum comprising a portion of the ripening chamber vertically below the horizontal rack structure and extending from-side-to-side and from-end-to-end of the ripening chamber;

the top horizontal baffle is extended from-side-to-side and from-end-to-end of a top of the rack structure; and

the circulation seal means in sealing relationship between the top horizontal baffle and the high-pressure plenum in return conveyance to the pressurizer is a flow-control means positioned intermediate outside edges of the top horizontal baffle and inside peripheries of walls of the ripening chamber.

10. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 9 wherein:

the flow-control means is a rectangular butterfly valve having an axle that is offset such that pressure of fluid flow in return conveyance to the pressurizer can open the butterfly valve; and

a weight positional variably on the butterfly valve to provide relative weight of a long side of the butterfly valve for gravity-closing the butterfly valve with desired closing pressure.

11. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 7 and further comprising:

a chamber high-pressure plenum which is a portion of the ripening chamber vertically below the horizontal rack structure and extending from-side-to-side and from-end-to-end of the ripening chamber;

the top horizontal baffle is extended from-side-to-side and from-end-to-end of a top of the rack structure; and

the circulation seal means in sealing relationship between the top horizontal baffle and the chamber high-pressure plenum in return conveyance to the pressurizer is a flow-control means positioned intermediate outside edges of the top horizontal baffle and inside peripheries of walls of the ripening chamber.

12. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 11 wherein:

the flow-control means is a rectangular butterfly valve having an axle that is offset such that pressure of fluid flow in return conveyance to the pressurizer can open the butterfly valve; and

a weight positional variably on the butterfly valve to provide relative weight of a long side of the butterfly valve for gravity-closing the butterfly valve with desired closing pressure.

13. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 8 and further comprising:

a chamber high-pressure plenum which is a portion of the ripening chamber vertically below the horizontal rack structure and extending from-side-to-side and from-end-to-end of the ripening chamber;

the top horizontal baffle is extended from-side-to-side and from-end-to-end of a top of the rack structure; and

the circulation seal means in sealing relationship between the top horizontal baffle and the chamber high-pressure plenum in return conveyance to the pressurizer is a flow-control means positioned intermediate outside edges of the top horizontal baffle and inside peripheries of walls of the ripening chamber.

14. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 13 wherein:

the flow-control means is a rectangular butterfly valve having an axle that is offset such that pressure of fluid flow in return conveyance to the pressurizer can open the butterfly valve; and

a weight positional variably on the butterfly valve to provide relative weight of a long side of the butterfly valve for gravity-closing the butterfly valve with desired closing pressure.

15. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 1 wherein the rack pillars are extended a vertical distance to receive two tiers of produce crates stacked on two pallets for each pier and further comprising:

at least one central rack pillar extended from the floor of the ripening chamber to a second-tier central platform;

a permeable walkway positioned on a top of central rack pillars and extended from-end-to-end of the pallet rack;

a chamber high-pressure plenum which is a portion of the ripening chamber vertically below the horizontal rack structure and extending from-side-to-side and from-end-to-end of the ripening chamber;

the top horizontal baffle is extended from-side-to-side and from-end-to-end of the top of the rack structure; and

the circulation seal means in sealing relationship between the top horizontal baffle and the chamber high-pressure plenum in return conveyance to the pressurizer is a flow-control means positioned intermediate outside edges of the top horizontal baffle and inside peripheries of walls of the ripening chamber.

16. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 15 wherein:

the flow-control means is a rectangular butterfly valve having an axle that is offset such that pressure of fluid flow in return conveyance to the pressurizer can open the butterfly valve; and

a weight positional variably on the butterfly valve to provide relative weight of a long side of the butterfly valve for gravity-closing the butterfly valve with desired closing pressure.

17. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 1 wherein the rack pillars are extended a vertical distance to receive three tiers of produce crates stacked on two pallets for each tier and further comprising:

at least one central rack pillar extended from the floor of the ripening chamber to a second-tier central platform;

at least one central rack pillar extended from the second-tier central platform to a third-tier central platform;

permeable walkways positioned on tops of the second-tier central platform and the third-tier central platform and extended from-end-to-end of the pallet rack;

a chamber high-pressure plenum which is a portion of the ripening chamber vertically below the horizontal rack structure and extending from-side-to-side and from-end-to-end of the ripening chamber;

the top horizontal baffle is extended from-side-to-side and from-end-to-end of the top of the rack structure; and

the circulation seal means in sealing relationship between the top horizontal baffle and the chamber high-pressure plenum in return conveyance to the pressurizer is a flow-control means positioned intermediate outside edges of the top horizontal baffle and inside peripheries of walls of the ripening chamber.

18. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 17 wherein:

the flow-control means is a rectangular butterfly valve having an axle that is offset such that pressure of fluid flow in return conveyance to the pressurizer can open the butterfly valve; and

a weight positional variably on the butterfly valve to provide relative weight of a long side of the butterfly valve for gravity-closing the butterfly valve with desired closing pressure.

19. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 1 and further comprising:

a remote control means in communication of data to a control center from desired instrumentation such as thermometers, pressure gages, gas sensors and humidity sensors in the high-pressure plenum for inspection and recording.

20. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 19 and further comprising:

a closed-circuit color television system in which a television camera is in communication of color of produce in the ripening chamber to the control center.

21. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 4 and further comprising:

a remote control means in communication of data to a control center from desired instrumentation such as thermometers, pressure gages, gas sensors and humidity sensors in the high-pressure plenum for inspection and recording.

22. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 21 and further comprising:

a closed-circuit color television system in which a television camera is in communication of color of produce in the ripening chamber to the control center.

23. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 6 and further comprising:

a remote control means in communication of data to a control center from desired instrumentation such as thermometers, pressure gages, gas sensors and humidity sensors in the high-pressure plenum for inspection and recording.

24. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 23 and further comprising:

a closed-circuit color television system in which a television camera is in communication of color of produce in the ripening chamber to the control center.

25. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 15 and further comprising:

a remote control means in communication of data to a control center from desired instrumentation such as thermometers, pressure gages, gas sensors and humidity sensors in the high-pressure plenum for inspection and recording.

26. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 25 and further comprising:

a closed-circuit color television system in which a television camera is in communication of color of produce in the ripening chamber to the control center.

27. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 17 and further comprising:

a remote control means in communication of data to a control center from desired instrumentation such as thermometers, pressure gages, gas sensors and humidity sensors in the high-pressure plenum for inspection and recording.

28. A produce-ripening apparatus as described in claim 27 and further comprising:

a closed-circuit color television system in which a television camera is in communication of color of produce in the ripening chamber to the control center.