Distributed power regulation in a portable computer to optimize heat dissipation and maximize battery run-time for various power modes

• US 5,532,524 A
• Filed: 05/11/1994
• Issued: 07/02/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 05/11/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Computer Incorporated (Apple Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Apple Computer Incorporated (Apple Inc.)
• Inventors: Chin, Shaoan, Townsley, David B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Shoop, Jr., Willaim M.
• Assistant Examiner(s): PALADINI, ALBERT WILLIAM
• Application Number:
  US08/240,991
• Time in Patent Office: 783 Days
• Field of Search: 307/64, 307/66, 364/492, 364/707, 320/2, 320/14, 320/15, 320/64, 320/18, 395/750
• US Class Current: 307/64
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/26 Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof for memories G11C
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 320/11 Prioritized supply of power or power supply compensation

Abstract

A system for distributing power throughout a computer system, preferably a portable computer, while still maintaining a desired power mode hierarchy so that the most critical components or circuits-within the computer system receive power before non-critical components. The system includes a micro-controller unit for controlling power allocations throughout the system. The system further includes a power connector for interfacing with a dual-line AC-to-DC adapter, a switching regulator for providing regulated DC power outputs to a central processing unit, memory unit and the like, a battery switching circuit having two battery packs to support simultaneous charging and sequential discharging of the battery packs in the event that the AC-to-DC adapter is decoupled from the computer system and an auxiliary battery source for supplying power to critical components in the computer system as a last resort.

Claims

1. A system for distributing power within a computer system including a display element implemented within a display casing and a central processing unit ("CPU") implemented within a main computer casing of said computer system, the system comprising:

a micro-controller unit controlling a distribution of power supplied by a selected power source;

a switching regulator coupled to a plurality of regulator power lines, said switching regulator receiving power from said selected power source through a first power input line and generating a plurality of regulated power outputs via said plurality of regulator power lines, wherein at least a first regulated power output is transmitted through a first regulator power line of said plurality of regulator power lines in order to provide power to at least said micro-controller unit;

a battery switching circuit coupled to an auxiliary power line which is coupled to said first power input line., said battery switching circuit including at least one battery pack supplying power to said switching regulator when said micro-controller unit selects said battery pack to be said selected power source; and

an auxiliary power source including a charging regulator and a battery, wherein said charging regulator is coupled to said auxiliary power line and charges said battery upon receipt of power through said auxiliary power line, and said battery is coupled to said micro-controller unit and supplies power to at least said micro-controller unit when said micro-controller unit selects said battery to be said selected power source.

2. The system according to claim 1 further comprising display power regulating circuitry within said display casing, said display power regulating circuitry regulates an incoming DC power output being transmitted to said display casing through said auxiliary power line.

3. The system according to claim 2, wherein said display power regulating circuitry includes a DC-to-DC regulator for converting said incoming DC power output into a regulated DC power output and a DC-to-AC converter for converting said incoming DC power output into an AC power output.

4. The system according to claim 2, wherein said micro-controller unit selects said battery pack to be said selected power source by enabling a switch coupled between said battery pack and said auxiliary power line, wherein said battery pack discharges power through said auxiliary power line into said switching regulator and said display power regulating circuitry within said display casing.

5. The system according to claim 4, wherein said micro-controller unit further enables said CPU to receive power from said first regulator power line of said switching regulator by enabling a switch coupled between the CPU and said first regulator power line.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein said micro-controller unit selects said battery of said auxiliary power source to be said selected power source by enabling a linear regulator coupled between said battery and said micro-controller unit.

7. The system according to claim 1, wherein said switching regulator includes a DC-to-DC regulator, coupled to said plurality of regulator power lines, transmitting said plurality of regulated power outputs, wherein a second regulator power line is coupled to a first linear regulator to provide a selected negative power output to a serial port, a third regulator power line is coupled to a second linear regulator to provide a selected negative power output to a sound circuitry, and a fourth regulator power line is coupled to a third linear regulator to provide a power output of a positive voltage to said sound circuitry.

8. The system according to claim 1 further comprises a power connection circuit including a first and second input power lines, said first input power line being coupled to a power connector at a first end and said switching regulator at a second end and said second input power line being coupled to said power connector at a first end and said battery switching circuit at a second end.

9. The system according to claim 8, wherein said power connection circuit is coupled to an external power source.

10. The system according to claim 8, wherein said first input power line further includes a switch mechanism being controlled by said micro-controller unit, said switch mechanism, when enabled, allows power from said external power source to be supplied to said switching regulator through said first input power line, and said switch mechanism, when disabled, prevents power from being supplied to said switching regulator by said external power source and prevents power supplied by said battery pack from being discharged through said power connector.

11. The system according to claim 9, wherein said external power source is an alternating current-to-direct current ("AC-to-DC") adapter including

a first charging regulator which generates a first adapter power output from an AC power output and transmits said first adapter power output through a first adapter power line, and

a second charging regulator which generates a second adapter power output from said AC power output and transmits said second adapter power output through a second adapter power line.

12. The system according to claim 11, wherein said first adapter power output has a constant current of a first level and said second adapter power output having a constant current of a second level, wherein said first level is greater than said second level.

13. A power system for distributing power regulation components throughout a computer system including a main computer casing and a display casing, the power system comprising:

a switching regulator incorporated within said main computer casing, said switching regulator generating at least one regulated power output to at least one component within said main computer casing; and

at least one display power regulating component incorporated within said display casing of said computer system, said at least one display power regulating component regulates an incoming DC power output from said main computer casing through an auxiliary power output line.

14. The power system according to claim 13 further including a micro-controller unit, wherein upon said micro-controller unit selecting one of a plurality of battery packs to be a selected power source, said selected power source discharges said DC power output through said auxiliary power output line and to said at least one display power regulating component within said display casing.

15. The power system according to claim 13, wherein the power system further includes a plurality of power regulatory components within an external AC-to-DC adapter coupled to at least said switching regulator within said main computer casing through one of a plurality of adapter power lines, said plurality of power regulatory components are configured in series with said plurality of adapter power lines and are connected to a power connector acting as an interface between said main computer casing and said external AC-to-DC adapter.

16. A computer system comprising:

a bus;

a central processing unit ("CPU") coupled to said bus, said CPU, implemented within a main computer casing of said computer system, processes data and program instructions;

a memory unit coupled to said bus, said memory unit, implemented within said main computer casing of said computer system, contains said data and said program instructions;

a display subsystem coupled to said bus, said display subsystem, implemented within a display casing of said computer system, displays said data; and

a system for distributing power within said computer system according to its existing mode of operation, said system including

a micro-controller unit controlling a distribution of power throughout the computer system which is supplied by a selected power source,

a switching regulator coupled to a plurality of regulated power lines, said switching regulator receiving power from said selected power source through a first power input line and generating a plurality of regulated power outputs via said plurality of regulator power lines, wherein a first regulated power output is transmitted through a first regulator power line of said plurality of regulator power lines in order to provide power to at least said micro-controller unit,

a battery switching circuit coupled to an auxiliary power line which is coupled to said first power input line, said battery switching circuit includes at least one battery pack supplying power to said switching regulator when said micro-controller unit selects said battery pack to be said selected power source, and

an auxiliary power source including a charging regulator and a battery, wherein said charging regulator, is coupled to said auxiliary power line and charges said battery upon receipt of power through said auxiliary power line, and said battery is coupled to said micro-controller unit and supplies power to at least said micro-controller unit when said micro-controller unit selects said battery to be said selected power source.

17. The system according to claim 16, wherein said micro-controller unit selects said battery pack to be said selected power source by enabling a switch coupled between said battery pack and said auxiliary power line, wherein said battery pack discharges power through said auxiliary power line for use by said switching regulator.

18. The system according to claim 16 further comprising display power regulating circuitry within said display casing, said display power regulating circuitry regulates an incoming DC power output being transmitted to said display casing through said auxiliary power line.

19. The system according to claim 18, wherein said display power regulating circuitry includes a DC-to-DC regulator for converting said incoming DC power output into a regulated DC power output and a DC-to-AC converter for converting said incoming DC power output into an AC power output.

20. The system according to claim 16, wherein said switching regulator includes a DC-to-DC regulator coupled to said plurality of regulator power lines for transmitting said plurality of regulated power outputs, wherein a second regulator power line is coupled to a first linear regulator to provide a regulated power output of a first selected negative voltage to a serial port, a third regulator power line is coupled to a second linear regulator to provide a regulated power output of a second selected negative voltage to a sound circuitry, and a fourth regulator power line is coupled to a third linear regulator to provide a regulated power output of a selected positive voltage to said sound circuitry.

21. The system according to claim 18 further comprises a power connection circuit including a first and second input power lines, said first input power line being coupled to a power connector at a first end and said switching regulator at a second end and said second input power line being coupled to said power connector at a first end and said battery switching circuit at a second end.

22. The system according to claim 21, wherein said power connection circuit is coupled to an external power source.

23. The system according to claim 22, wherein said first input power line further includes a switch mechanism controlled by said micro-controller unit, said switch mechanism, when enabled, allows power from said external power source to be supplied to said switching regulator through said first input power line, and said switch mechanism, when disabled, prevents power from being supplied to said switching regulator by said external power source and prevents power supplied by said battery pack from being discharged through said power connector.

24. The system according to claim 23, wherein said external power source is an alternating current-to-direct current ("AC-to-DC") adapter including

a first charging regulator which generates a first adapter power output from an AC power output and transmits said first adapter power output through a first adapter power output line, and

a second charging regulator which generates a second adapter power output from an AC power output and transmits said second adapter power output through a second adapter power output line.

25. The system according to claim 24, wherein a first adapter power output has a constant current of a first ampere level and said second adapter power output having a constant current of a second ampere level, wherein said first ampere level is greater than said second ampere level.

26. A method for reducing thermal dissipation within a main computer casing of a computer system incorporating a power regulating circuit, said method comprising the steps of:

implementing at least one power regulating component within a display casing of said computer system, said at least one power regulating component generating a regulated DC power output after receipt of a DC power output from a switching regulator of said power regulating circuit; and

implementing at least two power regulatory components which are coupled to a plurality of adapter power lines, wherein when said plurality of adapter power lines are connected to a power connector acting as an interface for said power regulating circuit within said main computer casing, said at least two power regulatory components provide a regulated DC power output transmitted through said plurality of adapter power lines.

27. A power adapter comprising:

a first charging regulator which generates a first adapter power output from an AC power output through a first adapter power output line;

a second charging regulator which generates a second adapter power output from said AC power output and transmits said second adapter power output through a second adapter power output line;

a first control circuit coupled to (i) an output of said first charging regulator coupled to a first end of said first adapter power output line via a first voltage sense line, (ii) a ground output of said first charging regulator via a second voltage sense line and (iii) a ground output at a second end of said first adapter power output line, said first control circuit monitors voltage loss from said first end of said first adapter power output line to said second end of said first adapter power output line to alter the power output of said first charging regulator so that said voltage at said second end of said first adapter power output line is equal to a desired voltage level; and

a second control circuit coupled to (i) an output of said second charging regulator coupled to a first end of said second adapter power output line via a third voltage sense line, (ii) a ground output of said second charging regulator via a fourth voltage sense line and (iii) a ground output at a second end of said second adapter power output line, said second control circuit controls power from said second charging regulator.

28. The power adapter according to claim 27, wherein said first adapter power output is a power output having a constant current of a first predetermined level for voltages between a first range.

29. The power adapter according to claim 28, wherein said first predetermined level is approximately 1.5 amperes.

30. The power adapter according to claim 27, wherein said second adapter power output is a power output having a constant current of a second predetermined level for voltages between a second range.

31. The power adapter according to claim 30, wherein said second determined level is approximately 1.0 amperes.

32. The power adapter according to claim 27, wherein said first control circuit monitors voltage loss from said first end of said second adapter power output line to said second end of said second adapter power output line to alter the power output of said second charging regulator so that said voltage at said second end of said second adapter power output line is equal to a desired voltage level.

33. A system for distributing power throughout a computer system including a first plurality of components within a main computer casing and a second plurality of components within a display casing, the system comprising:

a processing unit controlling a distribution of power being supplied by a selected power source being one of the following;

an external power adapter selectively chosen by said processing unit to supply power to said computer system, said external power adapter including a first charging regulator for supplying a first DC power output through a power connector coupled to said main computer casing,

a first battery selectively chosen by said processing unit to supply power to said computer system, and

a second battery selectively chosen by said processing unit to supply power to said computer system;

a switching regulator for generating at least one regulated power output based on a power input by said selected power source, said switching regulator includes a first power input line receiving said power input from said selected power source and at least one regulator power line transmitting said at least one regulated power output to at least one component of said first plurality of components; and

at least one display power regulating component within said display casing, said display power regulating component generating a regulated DC power output upon receipt of an incoming DC power output from said selected power source via an auxiliary power output line within said main computer casing.

34. A power system distributing power regulation components outside a main computer casing of a computer system, said power system comprising:

at least one charging regulator incorporated within a power adapter coupled to the main computer casing, said at least one charging regulator produces at least one adapter power output from an AC power output and provides said at least one adapter power input to the main computer casing; and

at least one display power regulating component incorporated within a display casing of the computer system, said at least one display power regulating component regulates an incoming DC power output from said main computer casing through an auxiliary power output line.