Amorphous metal tagging system for underground structures including elongated particles of amorphous metal embedded in nonmagnetic and nonconductive material

• US 5,532,598 A
• Filed: 05/25/1994
• Issued: 07/02/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 05/25/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Westinghouse Electric Company LLC (Brookfield Asset Management Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Westinghouse Electric Corporation (Paramount Global (f/k/a ViacomCBS Inc.))
• Inventors: Sadhir, Rajender K., Herald, John J., Junker, Warren R., Byers, William A., Clark, William G. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): O'Shea, Sandra L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Phillips, Roger
• Application Number:
  US08/248,905
• Time in Patent Office: 769 Days
• Field of Search: 324/207.11, 324/207.13, 324/207.15, 324/207.16, 324/207.17, 324/207.22, 324/209, 324/326, 324/66, 324/67, 324/329, 340/551, 340/572, 340/573, 340/571
• US Class Current: 324/326
• CPC Class Codes: F16L 1/11 for the detection or protection of pipes in the ground
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 15/00 Tags attached to, or associated with, an object, in order to enable detection of the object record carriers for use with machines having a detectable tag or marker G06K19/00

Abstract

An electromagnetic tagging system is provided for remotely detecting and locating polymeric and other non-conductive structures situated behind barriers, such as underground plastic pipes or containers. The system comprises a fluctuating magnetic field source, a pattern of tags embedded in discrete regions of the wall of the polymeric structure, each tag including an amorphous magnetic metal target for generating a Barkhausen response when exposed to the fluctuating magnetic field source, and a portable detection circuit movable along the ground or other control surface for remotely detecting the Barkhausen response. The amorphous magnetic material in each tag is preferably in the form of a plurality of elongated particles having aspect ratios of at least 3 to 1 and arranged end-to-end. The pattern that the tags are arranged in provide information concerning the identity, orientation, or extent of the structure, and the portable detection circuit is capable of detecting at least two of the tags simultaneously as it is moved over the surface of the ground so that the patterns of the tags may be easily determined.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic tagging system for remotely detecting and locating a structure formed from a non-electrically conductive, non-magnetic material that is situated behind a barrier having a control surface by a means for generating a fluctuating magnetic field, comprising:

at least one tag means integrated into said structure and including an amorphous metal target for generating a signal containing a response characteristic of amorphous metal when exposed to said fluctuating magnetic field, said target being formed from a plurality of elongated particles of a single alloy of amorphous magnetic metal embedded in the same electrically non-conductive and non-magnetic material forming the structure and having length to diameter aspect ratios of at least three to one, and being aligned substantially parallel and along their longitudinal axes with respect to one another and being sufficiently close end-to-end to be magnetically linked to one another to enhance the strength of said signal, and

portable circuit means movable relative to said control surface for remotely detecting said characteristic response in said generated signal.

2. The electromagnetic tagging system of claim 1, wherein said system comprises a plurality of tag means arranged in a pattern in walls of said structure for expressing the identity, orientation, or extent of said structure.

3. The electromagnetic tagging system of claim 2, wherein at least two of the targets of said plurality of tag means are formed from said plurality of elongated particles of amorphous magnetic metal, and wherein the direction of alignment of the particles in said two targets is different for expressing information about said structure.

4. The electromagnetic tagging system of claim 2, wherein at least two of the targets of said plurality of tag means are formed from said plurality of elongated particles of amorphous magnetic metal, and wherein the density of the particles forming said two targets is different for expressing information about said structure.

5. The electromagnetic tagging system of claim 2, wherein at least two of the targets of said plurality of tag means include said plurality of elongated particles of amorphous magnetic metal, and wherein the composition of the particles in said two targets is different for expressing information about said structure.

6. The electromagnetic tagging system of claim 2, wherein said characteristic response is a Barkhausen response, and said circuit means is capable of simultaneously detecting the Barkhausen response of at least two of said tag means when moved along said control surface.

7. The electromagnetic tagging system of claim 2, wherein said characteristic response is a Barkhausen response, and specific electronic characteristics of the Barkhausen response of said plurality of tag means provide a signature code expressing information concerning the structure, and wherein said circuit means includes means for decoding said signature code.

8. The electromagnetic tagging system of claim 2, wherein said tags are substantially colinearly spaced apart along a length of said wall so that the extent and orientation of said wall can be determined by said portable detection means.

9. The electromagnetic tagging system of claim 8, wherein said structure is an elongated polymeric conduit, and said tags are spaced on a wall of said conduit along the longitudinal axis thereof so that the length and orientation of said conduit may be determined.

10. The electromagnetic tagging system of claim 1, wherein said structure is formed from a fusible polymeric material, and the amorphous metal target of said tag is fused into a discrete portion of a wall of said structure.

11. The electromagnetic tagging system of claim 10, wherein said structure is formed by extruding said polymeric material, and said tag includes a polymeric tape containing said amorphous metal that is coextruded along with said polymeric material to imbed said metal into a wall of said structure.

12. The electromagnetic tagging system of claim 11, herein said polymeric tape is color coded to indicate the location of the tag on the structure so that said structure, when buried, can be oriented with the tag closest to the surface of the earth.

13. The electromagnetic tagging system of claim 10, wherein said structure is a container, and said plurality of tag means are arranged around a lid of said container.

14. An electromagnetic tagging system for remotely detecting and locating a buried structure formed from a non-electrically conducting, non-magnetic polymeric material with respect to the surface of the ground by a means for generating a fluctuating magnetic field characterized by:

least one tag means, integrated into said structure, and including a magnetic amorphous metal target for generating a signal containing a Barkhansen response when exposed to said fluctuating magnetic field, said tag means being arranged so as to express information concerning said structure, said target being formed from a plurality of elongated particles of a single alloy of amorphous magnetic metal embedded in the non-electrically conducting, non-magnetic polymeric material forming the structure and having length to diameter aspect ratios of at least three to one, said particles being aligned parallel to one another along their longitudinal axes and sufficiently close end-to-end to be magnetically linked to one another, and

portable circuit means movable with respect to said surface of the ground for remotely detecting said Barkhausen response in said generated signal.

15. The electromagnetic tagging system of claim 14, wherein said circuit means is capable of simultaneously detecting the Barkhausen response of at least two of said tag means when moved along said control surface.

16. The electromagnetic tagging system of claim 14, further comprising a plurality of tag means and wherein said structure is an elongated polymeric conduit, and said tag means are spaced on a wall of said conduit along the longitudinal axis thereof so that the length and orientation of said conduit may be determined.

17. An electromagnetic tagging system for remotely detecting and locating a structure formed from a non-electrically conductive, non-magnetic material situated behind a barrier having a control surface by a means for generating a fluctuating magnetic field comprising:

a plurality of tag means affixed to said structure, and arranged in a pattern for expressing the identity, orientation or extent of said structure, each tag means including an amorphous magnetic metal target formed from a plurality of elongated particles of a single alloy of amorphous magnetic metal embedded in the same non-electrically conducting, non-magnetic material forming the structure and having an aspect ratio of at least 3 to 1 and being aligned substantially parallel with respect to their longitudinal axes and being sufficiently close to be magnetically linked to one another for generating a signal containing a Barkhausen response that provides a signature code expressing information concerning the structure when exposed to said fluctuating magnetic field, and

portable circuit means movable relative to said control surface for remotely detecting said Barkhausen response in said generated signal, and circuit means including a means for decoding said signature code.