Dual distributed antenna system

• US 5,533,011 A
• Filed: 12/23/1994
• Issued: 07/02/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 12/07/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: Wheatley, Charles E. III, Dean, Richard F., Gilhousen, Klein S., Antonio, Franklin P.
• Primary Examiner(s): MARCELO, MELVIN C
• Application Number:
  US08/370,769
• Time in Patent Office: 557 Days
• Field of Search: 370/18, 375/200, 375/205, 375/208, 375/267, 375/299, 375/347, 375/349, 455/10, 455/18, 455/19, 455/52.1-52.3, 455/101, 455/272, 455/276.1, 455/278.1
• US Class Current: 370/342
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/29 Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic H01Q25/00 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/022 Site diversity; Macro-diversity using two or more spaced independent antennas H04B7/04
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0491 using two or more sectors, i.e. sector diversity
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0671 using different delays between antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0845 per branch equalization, e.g. by an FIR-filter or RAKE receiver per antenna branch rake receivers as such H04B1/7115
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0894 using different delays between antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/2628 using code-division multiple access [CDMA] or spread spectrum multiple access [SSMA] H04B7/2618 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/2643 using time-division multiple access [TDMA] H04B7/2615, H04B7/2618 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 36/18 for allowing seamless reselection, e.g. soft reselection
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 88/085 Access point devices with remote components

Abstract

A distributed antenna system is utilized in a system for providing multipath signals which facilitate signal diversity for enhanced system performance. Each node of the antenna comprises more than one antenna. Each antenna at a common node provides a path having a different delay to the base station.

Claims

1. In a digital communication signal distribution system coupled to a base station, an antenna system comprised of a series of nodes each node comprising:

a first directional coupler having two pass through ports and a coupling port, a first one of said pass through ports coupled to a first external bi-directional port of said node;

a first antenna coupled to said coupling port of said directional coupler;

a second directional coupler having two pass through ports and a coupling port, a first one of said pass through ports coupled to a second one of said pass through ports of said first directional coupler;

a first delay device having two ports, a first one of said two ports coupled to said coupling port of said second directional coupler;

a second antenna coupled to a second one of said two ports of said first delay device; and

a second delay device having two ports, a first one of said two ports coupled to a second one of said two pass through ports of said second directional coupler and a second one of said two ports providing a second external bi-directional port of said node.

2. The antenna system of claim 1 wherein said first delay and said second delay provide different amount of delay to a signal which passes therethrough.

3. The antenna system of claim 1 wherein at least one digital communication signal distributed by said antenna system is a spread spectrum modulated information signal spread according to a predetermined pseudorandom noise (PN) spreading code comprised of a predetermined sequence of binary chips, each chip having a predetermined chip duration, and wherein said first delay device provides a delay on an order of at least one chip duration.

4. The antenna system of claim 3 wherein said second delay device provides a delay on an order of several chip durations.

5. The antenna system of claim 1 wherein said first antennas defines a first coverage area and said second antenna defines a second coverage area, wherein said second coverage area is substantial equivalent to said first coverage area.

6. An antenna system node for coupling digitally modulated communication signal between a base and at least one remote unit, said antennas system node comprising:

a first and second active element, each of which comprises;

an antenna having a bi-directional signal port;

a duplexer having a combined port coupled to said bi-directional port of said antenna and having a receive signal port and a transmit signal port;

a first mixer having an intermediate frequency (IF) input port, a radio frequency (RF) output port, and a local oscillator (LO) port, said RF output port coupled to said transmit signal port of said duplexer;

a first directional coupler having two through ports and a coupled port, said coupled port coupled to said IF input port of said first mixer, a first of said two through ports providing a first external connection of said active element;

a first delay device having two ports, a first port coupled to a second of said two through ports of said first directional coupler and a second port providing a second external connection of said active element;

a second mixer having an intermediate frequency (IF) output, a radio frequency (RF) input port, and a local oscillator (LO) port, said RF input port coupled to said receive signal port of said duplexer;

a second directional coupler having two through ports and a coupled port, said coupled port coupled to said IF output port of said second mixer, a first of said two through ports providing a third external connection of said active element;

a second delay device having two ports, a first port coupled to a second port of said two through ports of said second directional coupler and a second port providing a fourth external connection of said active element;

wherein said first and second active elements are positioned at said antenna system node to provide coverage to a single coverage area segment;

wherein a plurality of said antenna system nodes are coupled in series from said base and are positioned with slightly overlapping single coverage area segments to provide coverage to an extended coverage area.

7. The antenna system node of claim 6 wherein said first and second active element further comprise:

a first LO generator having a reference input port and a LO output port, said LO output port coupled to said LO port of said first mixer; and

a second LO generator having a reference input port and a LO output port, said LO output port coupled to said LO port of said second mixer.

8. The antenna system node of claim 7 wherein said reference input port is coupled to one of said through ports of said first directional coupler.

9. The antenna system node of claim 7 wherein said reference input port is coupled to one of said through ports of said second directional coupler.

10. The antenna system node of claim 7 wherein said reference input port is coupled to one of said through ports of said second directional coupler through said second delay device.

11. The antenna system node of claim 7 wherein said reference input port is coupled to one of said through ports of said first directional coupler through said first delay device.

12. The antenna system node of claim 7 wherein said reference input port is coupled to one of said through ports of said first directional coupler through a low pass filter.

13. The antenna system node of claim 6 wherein at least one digital communication signal distributed by said antenna system node is a spread spectrum modulated information signal spread according to a predetermined pseudorandom noise (PN) spreading code comprised of a predetermined sequence of binary chips, each chip having a predetermined chip duration, and wherein said first and said second delay device provide a delay on an order of at least one chip duration.

15. The antenna system node of claim 13 wherein at least one digital communication signal distributed by said antenna system node is a spread spectrum modulated information signal spread according to a predetermined pseudorandom noise (PN) spreading code comprised of a predetermined sequence of binary chips, each chip having a predetermined chip duration, and wherein said first and said second delay device provide a delay on an order of at least one chip duration.

14. An antenna system node for coupling digitally modulated communication signal between a base and at least one remote unit, said antennas system node comprising:

a first and second active element, each of which comprises;

an antenna having a bi-directional signal port;

a duplexer having a combined port coupled to said bi-directional port of said antenna and having a receive signal port and a transmit signal port;

a first amplifier having an input port and an output port, said output port coupled to said transmit signal port of said duplexer;

a first directional coupler having two through ports and a coupled port, said coupled port coupled to said input port of said first amplifier, a first of said two through ports providing a first external connection of said active element;

a first delay device having two ports, a first port coupled to a second of said two through ports of said first directional coupler and a second port providing a second external connection of said active element;

a second amplifier having an output port and an input port, said input port coupled to said receive signal port of said duplexer;

a second directional coupler having two through ports and a coupled port, said coupled port coupled to said output port of said second amplifier, a first of said two through ports providing a third external connection of said active element;

a second delay device having two ports, a first port coupled to a second of said two through ports of said second directional coupler and a second port providing a fourth external connection of said active element;

wherein said first and second active elements are positioned at said antenna system node to provide coverage to a single coverage area segment;

wherein a plurality of said antenna system nodes are coupled in series from said base and positioned with slightly overlapping single coverage area segments to provide coverage to an extended coverage area.

16. A CDMA communication using system spreading codes, said system having a plurality of mobile units and a base station, said mobile units and base station provided with respective receiving sections each of which has a diversity receiver for reducing the effects of multipath fading, said base station comprising:

a series of collocated antenna, a first collocated antenna being spaced

from a second collocated antenna by 10 to 20 wavelengths so as to produce a space diversity effect; and

a plurality of delay means coupled with said series of collocated antennas, for applying time delays to signals which pass through said series of collocated antennas, said time delay being different from each other by at least one symbol period of the spreading codes.