Reduction of nitrogen oxides emissions from diesel engines
First Claim
1. A process for reducing nitrogen oxides emissions from a diesel engine comprising forming an emulsion of an aqueous solution in diesel fuel which comprises (a) about 5% to about 70% solution by weight of a compound selected from the group consisting of urea, ammonium carbamate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium formate, ammonium oxalate, ammonium hydroxide, bipyridyl, cyanuric acid, urea-formaldehyde reaction product, and stable amines including hexamethylenetetramine, and mixtures of these, and (b) a catalyst comprising a composition or complex of a metal selected from the group consisting of cerium, platinum or a platinum group metal, copper, iron or manganese, wherein at least about 70% of the water droplets in the emulsion have a particle size below about 5 microns Sauter mean diameter, and supplying said emulsion to a diesel engine to be combusted therein, whereby combustion of the emulsion leads to a reduction in the nitrogen oxides emissions from the diesel engine when compared with combustion of diesel fuel alone.
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a process for reducing nitrogen oxides emissions from a diesel engine, which comprises preparing an emulsion of an aqueous urea solution in diesel fuel, and supplying said emulsion to a diesel engine for combusting therein, whereby combustion of the emulsion leads to a reduction in the nitrogen oxides emissions from the diesel engine when compared with combustion of diesel fuel alone.
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Citations
13 Claims
- 1. A process for reducing nitrogen oxides emissions from a diesel engine comprising forming an emulsion of an aqueous solution in diesel fuel which comprises (a) about 5% to about 70% solution by weight of a compound selected from the group consisting of urea, ammonium carbamate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium formate, ammonium oxalate, ammonium hydroxide, bipyridyl, cyanuric acid, urea-formaldehyde reaction product, and stable amines including hexamethylenetetramine, and mixtures of these, and (b) a catalyst comprising a composition or complex of a metal selected from the group consisting of cerium, platinum or a platinum group metal, copper, iron or manganese, wherein at least about 70% of the water droplets in the emulsion have a particle size below about 5 microns Sauter mean diameter, and supplying said emulsion to a diesel engine to be combusted therein, whereby combustion of the emulsion leads to a reduction in the nitrogen oxides emissions from the diesel engine when compared with combustion of diesel fuel alone.
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6. A process for reducing nitrogen oxides emissions from a diesel engine comprising:
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a. preparing a solution of a compound selected from the group consisting of urea, ammonium carbamate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium formate, ammonium oxalate, ammonium hydroxide, bipyridyl, cyanuric acid, urea-formaldehyde reaction product, and stable amines including hexamethylenetetramine, and mixtures of these in water to form an aqueous solution; b. emulsifying said aqueous solution with diesel fuel to form an emulsion; and c. incorporating into the emulsion a catalyst comprising a composition or complex of a metal selected from the group consisting of cerium, platinum or a platinum group metal, copper, iron or manganese; d. supplying said emulsion to a diesel engine to be combusted therein, whereby combustion of the emulsion leads to a reduction in the nitrogen oxides emissions from the diesel engine when compared with combustion of diesel fuel alone. - View Dependent Claims (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13)
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Specification