Method and apparatus for bar code reading and decoding

• US 5,537,431 A
• Filed: 06/15/1994
• Issued: 07/16/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 06/15/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Chen, Chin-Long, Hsiao, Mu-Yue
• Primary Examiner(s): Beausoliel, Jr., Robert W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Chung, Phung M.
• Application Number:
  US08/260,159
• Time in Patent Office: 762 Days
• Field of Search: 371/54, 371/53, 371/37.1, 371/37.7, 371/37.9, 371/36, 371/69.1, 371/67.1, 371/25.1, 235/462, 235/437, 235/438, 235/470, 235/435, 235/463
• US Class Current: 714/808
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/14 using light without selection of wavelength, e.g. sensing reflected white light G06K7/10831 - G06K7/1097 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/1486 Setting the threshold-width for bar codes to be decoded
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 235/901 Bar code reader specialized to read code on a highly reflective surface

Abstract

A method and apparatus reliably and robustly decode single width bar codes that may be placed on a variety of materials. The decoding is independent of whether or not the bar code represents dark bars on a light background or light bars on a dark background. The decoder may be implemented either in hardware or as part of a program in a stored program general purpose computer. The signal processing approach taken generates gap sequence information from width sequence information to match predetermined gap sequence patterns. The method and apparatus of the present invention are also particularly amenable to independent creation of the gap sequences from three different techniques which are independent and which thus add robustness to the system. Lastly, the decoding method of the present invention takes advantage of a preprocessing function to remove any certain forms of noise that may be present in the scanned data.

Claims

1. A method for decoding a bar code pattern, said method comprising the steps of:

scanning said bar code pattern to produce an electrical output waveform representation of reflective variations occurring during said scanning;

converting said electrical output waveform to a sequence of binary signals representative of bar and space widths in said bar code pattern so as to produce a width signal sequence representing, in alternating fashion, the bar and space widths present in said bar code pattern;

converting said width signal sequence to a gap signal sequence; and

comparing portions of said gap signal sequence with predetermined gap sequence patterns to determine a symbol represented by said bar code pattern.

2. The method of claim 1 further including the step of adjusting said width signal sequence to remove extraneous signal spikes or signal dropouts, said adjusting being performed just after said step of converting said electrical output waveform.

3. The method of claim 1 further including the step of determining from said bar and space widths and from bar and space positions, as specified by said width signal sequence, beginning and end positions of the bar code pattern so as to eliminate from said width signal sequence all signal portions lying outside said beginning and end positions.

4. The method of claim 1 in which said gap signal converting is based on at least one of the following steps:

a.) determining said gap signal sequence based on center-to-center width sequence values;

b.) determining said gap signal sequence based on leading edge-to-leading edge sequence values; and

c.) determining said gap signal sequence based on trailing edge-to-trailing edge sequence values.

5. A method for decoding a bar code pattern having a check sum symbol, said method comprising the steps of:

a.) 1. scanning said bar code pattern to produce an electrical output waveform representative of reflective variations occurring during said scanning;

6. converting said electrical output waveform to a sequence of binary signals representative of bar and space widths in said bar code pattern so as to produce a width signal sequence representing, in an alternating fashion, bar and space widths present in said bar code pattern;

3. converting said width signal sequence to a gap signal sequence;

4. comparing said gap signal sequence with predetermined gap sequence patterns to produce a symbol sequence including said check sum symbol;

b.) determining if said check sum symbol is correct and repeating steps a.) 1 through a.) 4 for a specified number of times if said check sum symbol is incorrect; and

c.) indicating a decoded symbol pattern or that an uncorrectable error has occurred.

9. The method of claim 6 in which the indicated decoded symbol pattern is that pattern that is detected in a majority of said repetitions.

7. A method for decoding a bar code pattern, said method comprising the steps of:

a.) 1. scanning said bar code pattern to produce an electrical output waveform representative of reflective variations occurring during said scanning;

8. converting said electrical output waveform to a sequence of binary signals representative of bar and space widths in said bar code pattern so as to produce a width signal sequence representing, in an alternating fashion, bar and space widths present in said bar code pattern;

3. converting said width signal sequence to a gap signal sequence; and

4. comparing said gap signal sequence with predetermined gap sequence patterns to produce a symbol sequence;

b.) repeating steps a.) 1 through a.) 2 for a specified number of times; and

c.) indicating a decoded symbol pattern or that an uncorrectable error has occurred based on the results from said repeated steps a.) 1 through a.) 4.

12. The method of claim 8 in which the indicated decoded symbol pattern is that pattern that is detected in a majority of said repetitions.

10. A method for decoding a bar code pattern, said method comprising the steps of:

a.) 1. scanning said bar code pattern to produce an electrical output waveform representative of reflective variations occurring during said scanning;

11. converting said electrical output waveform to a sequence of binary signals representative of bar and space widths in said bar code pattern so as to produce a width signal sequence representing, in alternating fashion, the bar and space widths present in said bar code pattern;

3. converting said width signal sequence to produce a gap signal sequence based upon values selected from the group consisting of center-to-center width sequence values, leading edge-to-leading edge sequence and trailing edge-to-trailing edge sequence values; and

4. comparing said gap signal sequence with predetermined gap sequence patterns to produce a symbol sequence; and

b.) repeating the steps a.) 1 through a.) 4 for a specified number of times to produce a plurality of gap signal sequences; and

c.) indicating a decoded symbol pattern or that an uncorrectable error has occurred based on the results from said repetition.