Method for treating organic waste

• US 5,537,940 A
• Filed: 01/06/1995
• Issued: 07/23/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 06/08/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Quantum Catalytics LLC
• Original Assignee: Molten Metal Technology Incorporated
• Inventors: McGeever, Casey E., Sparks, Kevin A., Nagel, Christopher J.
• Primary Examiner(s): KWON, JOHN
• Application Number:
  US08/351,382
• Time in Patent Office: 564 Days
• Field of Search: 110/238, 110/266, 110/243, 110/244, 110/346, 423/650, 423/651, 423/437 R, 423/415 A, 423/DIG. 12, 423/418.2, 588/201, 588/205, 588/900, 588/901
• US Class Current: 110/346
• CPC Class Codes: A62D 2101/20 Organic substances
• CPC Class Codes: A62D 3/32 by treatment in molten chemical reagent, e.g. salts or metals
• CPC Class Codes: C09K 5/12 Molten materials, i.e. materials solid at room temperature, e.g. metals or salts
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/0946 Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/0959 Oxygen
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 3/57 Gasification using molten salts or metals C10J3/02, C10J3/46 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C21C 5/34 Blowing through the bath C21C5/35 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C22B 7/001 Dry processes
• CPC Class Codes: C22B 7/02 Working-up flue dust
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 10/20 Recycling

Abstract

Organic waste is treated in a molten metal bath to sequentially form enriched hydrogen gas and carbon oxide gas streams. The method includes introducing organic waste to a molten metal bath in the absence of a separate oxidizing agent and under conditions that will decompose the organic waste. As a consequence of this decomposition, an enriched hydrogen gas stream is generated and the molten metal bath becomes carbonized. Thereafter, an oxidizing agent is added to the carbonized molten metal bath to oxidize the carbon contained in the carbonized molten metal bath. Reaction of the oxidizing agent with the carbon causes formation of a carbon oxide that escapes from the bath as an enriched carbon oxide gas stream, thereby decarbonizing the molten metal bath.

Claims

1. A method of treating an organic waste containing hydrogen and carbon in molten metal contained in a vessel to sequentially form enriched hydrogen and carbon oxide gas streams comprising the steps of:

a) introducing the organic waste into molten metal, without the addition of a separate oxidizing agent and under conditions sufficient to decompose the organic waste and to form an enriched hydrogen gas stream and carbonize the molten metal;

b) removing substantially all of the formed enriched hydrogen gas stream from the vessel;

c) thereafter adding a separate oxidizing agent into the carbonized molten metal to oxidize carbon contained in the carbonized molten metal to form an enriched carbon oxide gas stream and to decarbonize the molten metal; and

d) removing substantially all of the formed enriched carbon oxide gas stream from the vessel.

2. A method of claim 1 wherein the enriched carbon oxide gas stream comprises carbon monoxide.

3. A method of claim 2 wherein the molten metal comprises iron.

4. A method of claim 3 wherein the separate oxidizing agent comprises oxygen gas.

5. A method of claim 1 wherein the enriched carbon oxide gas comprises a mixture of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide gases.

6. A method of claim 5 wherein the molten metal is selected to provide a significantly increased molar ratio of carbon dioxide/carbon monoxide compared to that produced in molten iron.

7. A method of claim 5 wherein the molten metal comprises manganese.

8. A method of claim 5 wherein the molten metal comprises two immiscible metals having a first immiscible metal having a free energy of oxidation, at the conditions of the molten metal, greater than that of oxidation of atomic carbon to form carbon monoxide and a second immiscible metal having a free energy of oxidation, at the conditions of the molten metal, greater than that of oxidation of carbon monoxide to form carbon dioxide.

9. A method of claim 8 wherein said molten metal comprises an immiscible mixture of iron and copper.

10. A method of treating an organic waste containing hydrogen and carbon in molten metal contained in a vessel to sequentially form enriched hydrogen and carbon oxide gas streams, said carbon oxide gas having a significantly increased molar ratio of carbon dioxide/carbon oxide compared to that produced in molten iron under the same conditions, comprising the steps of:

a) introducing the organic waste into molten metal which comprises two immiscible metals wherein, at the operating conditions, the first immiscible metal has a free energy of oxidation greater than that for oxidation of carbon to carbon monoxide and the second immiscible metal having a free energy of oxidation greater than that for oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide, without the addition of a separate oxidizing agent and under conditions sufficient to decompose the organic waste and to generate an enriched hydrogen gas stream and carbonize the molten metal;

b) removing substantially all of the formed enriched hydrogen gas stream from the vessel;

c) thereafter adding a separate oxidizing agent into the carbonized molten metal to oxidize carbon contained in the carbonized molten metal to generate an enriched carbon oxide gas stream having a significantly increased ratio of carbon dioxide/carbon monoxide compared to that produced in molten iron under the same conditions; and

d) removing substantially all of the formed enriched carbon oxide gas stream from the vessel.

11. A method of treating an organic waste containing hydrogen and carbon to sequentially form enriched hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas streams, comprising the steps of:

a) introducing the organic waste into molten iron contained within a vessel, without the addition of a separate oxidizing agent and under conditions sufficient to decompose the organic waste and to generate an enriched hydrogen gas stream and to carbonize the molten metal;

b) removing substantially all of the formed enriched hydrogen gas stream from the vessel;

c) thereafter adding a separate stream of oxygen gas into the carbonized molten iron to oxidize the carbon contained in the carbonized molten iron to thereby form an enriched carbon monoxide gas stream and to decarbonize the molten metal iron; and

d) removing substantially all of the formed enriched carbon monoxide gas stream from the vessel.

12. In a method for treating an organic waste containing hydrogen and carbon by introducing the organic waste into molten metal contained in a vessel under conditions sufficient to decompose the organic waste and including the addition of an oxidizing agent to the molten metal to form hydrogen and carbon oxide gases:

the improvement of generating enriched hydrogen and carbon oxide gas streams by introducing the organic waste into molten metal without the addition of said oxidizing agent thereby carbonizing the molten metal and forming a separate enriched hydrogen gas stream and after substantially removing the enriched hydrogen gas stream, separately introducing said oxidizing agent into the carbonized molten metal to decarbonize said molten metal, thereby generating a separate enriched carbon oxide gas stream.

13. The improvement of claim 12 wherein the molten metal is carbonized and decarbonized in the same reactor vessel to generate enriched hydrogen and carbon oxide gas streams.