Drive axle assembly with lubricant cooling system

• US 5,540,300 A
• Filed: 01/09/1995
• Issued: 07/30/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 01/09/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: American AXLE & Manufacturing Incorporated (American AXLE & Manufacturing Holdings Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: American AXLE & Manufacturing Incorporated (American AXLE & Manufacturing Holdings Incorporated)
• Inventors: Downs, James P., Rasmer, Charles L., Lutz, Douglas B., Frank, Dale A., Schultz, Norman E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Look, Edward K.
• Assistant Examiner(s): VERDIER, CHRISTOPHER M
• Application Number:
  US08/370,203
• Time in Patent Office: 568 Days
• Field of Search: 64/6.12, 64/6.22, 64/11.1, 64/11.2, 64/13.1, 64/104.1, 74/606 A, 74/607, 475/160, 475/161, 475/230
• US Class Current: 184/11.2
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 57/0412 Cooling or heating; Control of temperature
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 57/0415 Air cooling or ventilation; Heat exchangers; Thermal insulations
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 57/0421 on or within the casing, e.g. shields or baffles for collecting lubricant, tubes, pipes, grooves, channels or the like
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 57/0457 Splash lubrication characterised by the problem reducing losses, e.g. splash losses F16H57/0409
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 57/0483 Axle or inter-axle differentials
• CPC Class Codes: F16N 39/02 by cooling heat-exchangers in general F28
• CPC Class Codes: F16N 7/18 with one or more feed members fixed on a shaft
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 74/2188 Axle and torque tubes
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 74/2189 Cooling

Abstract

A drive axle assembly has a gear housing, two axle tubes extending outwardly of the gear housing, a lubricant reservoir in the gear housing and a gear assembly rotatably mounted in the gear housing that has a rotatable member that is partially disposed in lubricant in the lubricant reservoir. The drive axle assembly also has a lubricant cooling system that includes a lubricant passage in fluid communication with the lubricant reservoir via an inlet that is juxtaposed the rotatable member so that the level of lubricant in the lubricant passage is raised when the rotatable member rotates. The lubricant passage has elevated outlets that deliver lubricant to lubricant ducts disposed in the respective axle tubes when the lubricant in the lubricant passage rises above a predetermined level. The lubricant flows away from the gear housing in the lubricant ducts and returns to the reservoir along the interior of the axle tubes which cools the lubricant as it returns to the reservoir.

Claims

1. A drive axle assembly having a gear housing and axle tubes extending outwardly of the gear housing, a lubricant reservoir in the gear housing, a rotatable member forming part of a gear assembly rotatably mounted in the gear housing, the rotatable member being partially disposed in a lubricant in the lubricant reservoir and partially disposed above the lubricant in the lubricant reservoir, and a lubricant cooling system, the lubricant cooling system comprising:

a lubricant passage in fluid communication with the lubricant reservoir via an inlet that is exposed to lubricant in the lubricant reservoir,

the inlet being disposed with respect to the rotatable member so that the lubricant passage is filled with a part of the lubricant to a level higher than the level of the lubricant remaining in the lubricant reservoir when the rotatable member rotates,

the lubricant passage having an outlet disposed above the inlet for delivering the part of the lubricant from the lubricant passage when the part of the lubricant in the lubricant passage rises above a predetermined level, and

lubricant ducts disposed in the respective axle tubes that have inlets in fluid communication with the outlet of the lubricant passage and outlets disposed outboard of the inlets that are in fluid communication with the axle tubes for returning the part of the lubricant from the lubricant ducts to the reservoir along the interior of the axle tubes.

2. The drive axle assembly as defined in claim 1 wherein the inlet of the lubricant passage is aligned with the rotatable member so that the part of the lubricant in the lubricant passage is pressurized when the rotatable member rotates.

3. The drive axle assembly as defined in claim 2 wherein the rotatable member is a ring gear and the inlet of the lubricant passage is formed as a scoop that is nested about a lower portion of the ring gear.

14. The drive axle assembly as defined in claim 1 wherein the lubricant passage comprises a cover that is attached to the gear housing.

15. The drive axle as defined in claim 14 wherein the lubricant passage further comprises an insert that is attached to the gear housing.

16. The drive axle assembly as defined in claim 14 wherein the gear housing has slots for returning the part of the lubricant from the axle tubes to the lubricant reservoir.

4. A drive axle assembly having a gear housing and axle tubes extending outwardly of the gear housing, a lubricant reservoir in the gear housing, a rotatable member forming part of a gear assembly rotatably mounted in the gear housing, the rotatable member being partially disposed in a lubricant in the lubricant reservoir and partially disposed above the lubricant in the lubricant reservoir, and a lubricant cooling system, the lubricant cooling system comprising:

a lubricant passage formed by a cover and an insert that are attached to the gear housing, the lubricant passage being in fluid communication with the lubricant reservoir via an inlet formed in the insert that is exposed to the lubricant in the lubricant reservoir,

the inlet being disposed with respect to the rotatable member so that the lubricant passage is filled with a part of the lubricant to a level higher than the level of the lubricant remaining in the lubricant reservoir when the rotatable member rotates,

the lubricant passage having outlets formed in the insert above the inlet for delivering the part of the lubricant from the lubricant passage when the part of the lubricant in the lubricant passage rises above a predetermined level, and

lubricant ducts disposed in the respective axle tubes that have inlets in fluid communication with the outlets of the lubricant passage and outlets disposed outboard of the inlets that are in fluid communication with the axle tubes for returning the part of the lubricant from the lubricant ducts to the reservoir along the interior of the axle tubes.

5. The drive axle assembly as defined in claim 4 wherein the inlet of the insert includes a scoop that nests about a lower portion of the rotatable member.

6. The drive axle assembly as defined in claim 4 wherein the outlets formed in the insert are integral tubes and the inlets of the lubricant ducts are holes that receive the respective integral tubes when the insert is attached to the gear housing.

7. The drive axle assembly as defined in claim 4 wherein the insert is a metal stamping or a molded plastic part.

8. A drive axle assembly having a gear housing and axle tubes extending outwardly of the gear housing, a lubricant reservoir in the gear housing, a rotatable member forming part of a gear assembly rotatably mounted in the gear housing, the rotatable member being partially disposed in a lubricant in the lubricant reservoir and partially disposed above the lubricant in the lubricant reservoir, and a lubricant cooling system, the lubricant cooling system comprising:

a lubricant passage in fluid communication with the lubricant reservoir via an inlet that is exposed to the lubricant in the lubricant reservoir,

the inlet being disposed with respect to the rotatable member so that the lubricant passage is filled with a part of the lubricant to a level higher than the level of lubricant in the lubricant reservoir when the rotatable member rotates,

the lubricant passage having an outlet disposed above the inlet for delivering the part of the lubricant from the lubricant passage when the part of the lubricant in the lubricant passage rises above a predetermined level, and

lubricant ducts disposed in the respective axle tubes that have inlets in fluid communication with the outlets of the lubricant passage and outlets disposed outboard of the inlets that are in fluid communication with the axle tubes for returning the part of the lubricant from the lubricant ducts to the reservoir along the interior of the axle tubes,

the lubricant ducts being formed by inner and outer elongated parts that are secured together.

9. The axle assembly as defined in claim 8 wherein the outer parts have elongated particular portions that engage interior surfaces of the respective axle tubes to locate the lubricant ducts radially in the respective axle tubes.

10. The axle assembly as defined in claim 9 wherein the outer parts have holes at their inboard ends that provide the inlets for the lubricant ducts.

11. The axle assembly as defined in claim 9 wherein the inner parts have arcuate flanges for attaching the inner and the outer parts together.

12. The axle assembly as defined in claim 10 wherein the inner parts have a notch for orienting the ducts in the axle tubes.

13. The axle assembly as defined in claim 12 wherein the inner and the outer parts are metal stampings.

17. A drive axle assembly having a gear housing and axle tubes extending outwardly of the gear housing, a lubricant reservoir in the gear housing, a rotatable member forming part of a gear assembly rotatably mounted in the gear housing, the rotatable member being at least partially disposed in lubricant in the lubricant reservoir and a lubricant cooling system, the lubricant cooling system comprising:

a lubricant passage in fluid communication with the lubricant reservoir via an inlet that is exposed to lubricant in the lubricant reservoir, the inlet being disposed with respect to the rotatable member so that lubricant passage is filled with a part of the lubricant to a level higher than the level of lubricant remaining in the lubricant reservoir when the rotatable member rotates, and

the lubricant passage having an outlet disposed above the inlet for delivering the part of the lubricant from the lubricant passage when the lubricant in the lubricant passage rises above a predetermined level.

18. The drive axle as defined in claim 17 wherein the gear housing has a slot for returning the part of the lubricant from the axle tubes to the lubricant reservoir.

19. The drive axle as defined in claim 18 wherein the drive axle assembly further includes lubricant ducts, disposed in the respective axle tubes that have inlets in communication with the outlet of the lubricant passage and outlets disposed outboard of the inlets that are in fluid communication with the axle tubes for delivering the part of the lubricant from the lubricant passage to the axle tubes.