Dispersant-viscosity improvers for lubricating oil compositions

• US 5,540,851 A
• Filed: 03/02/1995
• Issued: 07/30/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 03/02/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: The Lubrizol Corporation (Berkshire Hathaway Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: The Lubrizol Corporation (Berkshire Hathaway Incorporated)
• Inventors: Lange, Richard M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Willis, Jr., Prince
• Assistant Examiner(s): Toomer, Cephia D.
• Application Number:
  US08/397,460
• Time in Patent Office: 516 Days
• Field of Search: 252/51.5 R, 252/51.5 A, 525/64, 525/285
• US Class Current: 508/194
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 149/02 Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 149/06 containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 149/22 Polyamines
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2203/06 Well-defined aromatic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2209/084 Acrylate; Methacrylate
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2209/086 polycarboxylic, e.g. maleic acid
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2070/02 Concentrating of additives

Abstract

Dispersant-viscosity improvers for lubricating oil compositions comprise the reaction product of reactants comprising

(a) an oil soluble ethylene-alpha olefin copolymer wherein the alpha olefin is selected from the group consisting of C_3-28 alpha olefins, said polymer having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 30,000 to about 300,000 grafted with an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or functional derivative thereof;

(b-1) at least one polyester containing at least one condensable hydroxyl group; and

(b-2) at least one polyamine having at least one condensable primary or secondary amino group, and optionally further comprising (c) at least one hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride.

Claims

1. A dispersant-viscosity improver for lubricating oil compositions comprising the reaction product of reactants comprising

(a) an ethylene copolymer selected from the group consisting of an oil soluble ethylene-alpha olefin copolymer and an ethylene-lower olefin-diene copolymer, wherein the alpha olefin is selected from the group consisting of C_3-28 alpha olefins, said polymer having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 30,000 to about 300,000, grafted with an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or functional derivative thereof;

(b-1) at least one polyester containing at least one condensable hydroxyl group; and

(b-2) at least one polyamine having at least one condensable primary or secondary amino group.

2. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 1 wherein the reactants further comprise

(c) at least one hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride.

3. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 1 wherein the polyamine (b-2) is the reaction product of a polyamine and at least one hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride wherein the reaction product contains at least one condensable N--H group.

4. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 3 wherein the reaction product of a polyamine and carboxylic acid or anhydride is borated.

5. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 2 wherein (c) is first reacted with at least one of (b-1) and (b-2).

6. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 2 wherein (c) is reacted with the reaction product of (a), (b-1) and (b-2).

7. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 2 wherein (c) is reacted simultaneously with (a), (b-1) and (b-2).

8. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 1 wherein the polyamine (b-2) is first reacted with (a) the grafted ethylene-alpha olefin copolymer before reaction with (b-1) the polyester.

9. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 1 wherein (b-1) the polyester is first reacted with (a) the grafted ethylene-alpha olefin copolymer before reaction with (b-2) the polyamine.

10. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 1 wherein the copolymer is a copolymer of ethylene mid propylene.

11. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 1 wherein the copolymer has a number average molecular weight ranging from about 50,000 to about 150,000.

12. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 1 wherein the copolymer is an ethylene-lower olefin-diene copolymer.

13. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 12 wherein the diene is a non-conjugated diene.

14. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 12 wherein the copolymer is hydrogenated.

15. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 1 wherein the copolymer is a molecular weight degraded copolymer.

16. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 1 wherein the polyester (b-1) is the reaction product of a hydrocarbyl substituted polycarboxylic acid or anhydride with at least one polyol.

17. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 2 wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent of the hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride (c) contains at least about 8 carbon atoms.

18. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 17 wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent is an aliphatic group containing at least about 30 carbon atoms.

19. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 2 wherein (c) comprises a mixture of hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acids or anhydrides wherein the mixture comprises aliphatic substituted carboxylic acids or anhydrides containing from about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms in the aliphatic substituent and aliphatic substituted carboxylic acids or anhydrides having at least about 40 carbon atoms in the aliphatic substituent.

20. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 1 wherein the polyamine (b-2) is at least one member of the group consisting of alkylene polyamines having at least one N--H group, polyamine bottoms having at least one N--H group, polyoxyalkylene polyamines having at least one condensable N--H group, alkanol amines having at least one N--H group and derivatives of hydrocarbon-based monocarboxylic or hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acids with amines, said derivative containing at least one N--H group, or mixtures thereof.

21. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 20 wherein the polyamine (b-2) comprises at least one derivative of a hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acid wherein the hydrocarbon substituent contains from about 16 to about 100 aliphatic carbon atoms.

22. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 1 wherein the polyamine (b-2) comprises at least one alkylene polyamine having the formula ##STR3## wherein n is a number from 1 to about 10, each R is independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or groups of the formula

23. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 1 wherein the polyamine (b-2) is selected from the group consisting of diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, polyamine bottoms and mixtures thereof.

24. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 1 wherein (b-1) is a polyester of hydrocarbon-substituted monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids, said hydrocarbon substituent containing from 5 to about 500 carbon atoms.

25. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 1 wherein the polyester is derived from an aliphatic hydrocarbon substituted succinic acid containing from about 16 to about 100 carbon atoms in the aliphatic hydrocarbon substituent.

26. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 25 wherein the polyester is derived from at least one polyol selected from the group consisting of pentaerythritol, 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol, sorbitol, glycerol, a polyetherpolyol, 2-ethyl-2-amino-1,3-propanediol, tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane, triethanolamine, diethanolamine, and mixtures of two or more of these.

27. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 1 wherein the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or functional derivative thereof, is an alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid or functional derivative thereof containing from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms exclusive of carbonyl carbons.

28. The dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 27 wherein the ethenylically unsaturated carboxylic acid or functional derivative thereof, comprises at least one member of the group consisting of maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and itaconic anhydride and esters of the acids.

44. An additive concentrate comprising an inert normally liquid organic diluent and from about 5 to about 40 percent by weight of the dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 1.

46. The additive concentrate of claim 44 further comprising from about 1% to about 5% by weight of at least one pour point depressant selected from the group consisting of polymethacrylates, alkylated naphthalenes and maleate/vinyl acetate copolymers.

48. A lubricating composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of the dispersant-viscosity improver of claim 1.

50. A lubricating composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of the additive concentrate of claim 44.

29. An oil soluble or dispersible composition comprising the reaction product of reactants comprising

(a) an oil soluble copolymer of ethylene with at least one comonomer, wherein at least one of the comonomers is selected from the group consisting of C_3-28 alpha-olefins, said copolymer having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 30,000 to about 300,000, grafted with an alpha-beta ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or functional derivative thereof;

(b-1) a polyisobutenyl substituted succinic polyester which contains an average of at least one free hydroxyl group per mole of succinic groups; and

(b-2) an alkylene polyamine having the formula

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">H.sub.2 N--(alkylene-NR).sub.n --H

wherein n is a number from 1 to about 10, each R is independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or a group of the formula ##STR4## wherein each x is independently 0 or a number from 1 to about 5, and said alkylene group contains from 2 to about 10 carbon atoms.

30. The composition of claim 29 wherein the reactants further comprise

(c) at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride.

31. The composition of claim 30 wherein (c) the carboxylic acid or anhydride is a monocarboxylic acid or anhydride.

32. The composition of claim 30 wherein (c) the carboxylic acid or anhydride is a polycarboxylic acid or anhydride.

33. The composition of claim 29 wherein the copolymer is a copolymer of ethylene and propylene.

34. The composition of claim 29 wherein the copolymer has a number average molecular weight ranging from about 50,000 to about 150,000.

35. The composition of claim 29 wherein the copolymer is an ethylene-lower olefin-diene copolymer.

36. The composition of claim 35 wherein the diene is a non-conjugated diene.

37. The composition of claim 35 wherein the copolymer is hydrogenated.

38. The composition of claim 29 wherein the copolymer is a molecular weight degraded copolymer.

39. The composition of claim 29 wherein the each polyisobutenyl group on (b-1) the polyester has from about 30 to about 150 carbon atoms, and said polyester is a pentaerythritol polyester.

40. The composition of claim 29 wherein the amine (b-2) comprises ethylene polyamine bottoms.

41. The composition of claim 29 wherein each R in the amine (b-2) is hydrogen.

42. The composition of claim 29 wherein grafting of the ethylene copolymer is conducted at about 100°

C. to about 200°

C. in the presence of a free radical initiator.

43. The composition of claim 29 wherein the polyester (b-2) has been post treated with about 0.2 to about 5 equivalents of an ethylene polyamine per mole of succinic groups in the polyester.

45. An additive concentrate comprising an inert normally liquid organic diluent and from about 5 to about 40 percent by weight of the composition of claim 29.

47. The additive concentrate of claim 45 further comprising from about 1% to about 5% by weight of at least pour point depressant selected from the group consisting of polymethacrylates, alkylated naphthalenes and maleate/vinyl acetate copolymers.

49. A lubricating composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of the composition of claim 29.

51. A lubricating composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of the additive concentrate of claim 45.