Method for forming optically active waveguides
First Claim
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1. The method for forming a waveguide possessing electro-optical properties which comprises the steps of forming, on a substrate, a layer of an organic material and subjecting one or more predetermined regions of said organic material layer to actinic radiation, at a wavelength and in an amount and of intensity sufficient to alter the refractive index of said predetermined regions and heating said layer in the presence of an applied electrical field, followed by cooling in the presence of the applied field, so as to orient the molecules of the compounds defined below, characterized in that said layer of organic material comprises a copolymer of a comonomer selected from the group consisting of alkyl acrylate wherein the alkyl moiety contains from about 1 to 5 carbons;
- alkyl methacrylate wherein the alkyl moiety contains from about 1 to 5 carbons, acrylamide, methacrylamide, and a styrene with a comonomer having the formula ##STR27## wherein (a) X is selected from the group consisting of --NO2, --CN, --CH═
C(CN)2, --C(CN)═
C(CN)2, and --COOR3 whrein R3 is alkyl, straight chain, cyclic, or branched having 1-20 carbon atoms,(b) Ar is selected from the group consisting of ##STR28## (c) Z1 is selected from the group consisting of --H and --OH;
(d) R1 is selected from the group consisting of(1) --(CH2)m --CH═
CH2, wherein m is an integer of from about 1-20 ##STR29## wherein m is an integer of from about 1-20 and the --CH═
CH2 substituent is in the m- or p- position,(3) --(CH2)m --O--M wherein m is an integer of from about 1-10, and wherein M is(i) --CH═
CH2(ii) --C(O)--CH═
CH2,(iii) --C(O)--C(CH3)═
CH2, or ##STR30## wherein the --CH═
CH2 substituent is in the m- or p- position and (e) R2 is selected from the group consisting of(1) --H,(2) alkyl, straight chain, branched or cyclic, having about 1-20 carbon atoms,(3) --Cn H2n wherein n is an integer of from about 1-20, and(4) an alkylene bridging group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms connecting the N atom to the o-position of the aromatic ring to which the N atom is attached;
with the proviso that Z1 and Z2 may not both be H if R2 is not an alkylene bridging group having 2 to 4 atoms cnnecting the N atom to the o-position of the aromatic ring to which the N atom is attached.
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Abstract
Optically active (optically non-linear or electro-optically active) waveguides are formed by depositing a layer of organic material, typically polymeric material, comprising one or more opticaly active components, and subjecting predetermined regions of the layer to actinic radiation to alter the refractive index of these regions.
84 Citations
8 Claims
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1. The method for forming a waveguide possessing electro-optical properties which comprises the steps of forming, on a substrate, a layer of an organic material and subjecting one or more predetermined regions of said organic material layer to actinic radiation, at a wavelength and in an amount and of intensity sufficient to alter the refractive index of said predetermined regions and heating said layer in the presence of an applied electrical field, followed by cooling in the presence of the applied field, so as to orient the molecules of the compounds defined below, characterized in that said layer of organic material comprises a copolymer of a comonomer selected from the group consisting of alkyl acrylate wherein the alkyl moiety contains from about 1 to 5 carbons;
- alkyl methacrylate wherein the alkyl moiety contains from about 1 to 5 carbons, acrylamide, methacrylamide, and a styrene with a comonomer having the formula ##STR27## wherein (a) X is selected from the group consisting of --NO2, --CN, --CH═
C(CN)2, --C(CN)═
C(CN)2, and --COOR3 whrein R3 is alkyl, straight chain, cyclic, or branched having 1-20 carbon atoms,(b) Ar is selected from the group consisting of ##STR28## (c) Z1 is selected from the group consisting of --H and --OH;
(d) R1 is selected from the group consisting of(1) --(CH2)m --CH═
CH2, wherein m is an integer of from about 1-20 ##STR29## wherein m is an integer of from about 1-20 and the --CH═
CH2 substituent is in the m- or p- position,(3) --(CH2)m --O--M wherein m is an integer of from about 1-10, and wherein M is (i) --CH═
CH2(ii) --C(O)--CH═
CH2,(iii) --C(O)--C(CH3)═
CH2, or ##STR30## wherein the --CH═
CH2 substituent is in the m- or p- position and (e) R2 is selected from the group consisting of(1) --H, (2) alkyl, straight chain, branched or cyclic, having about 1-20 carbon atoms, (3) --Cn H2n wherein n is an integer of from about 1-20, and (4) an alkylene bridging group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms connecting the N atom to the o-position of the aromatic ring to which the N atom is attached; with the proviso that Z1 and Z2 may not both be H if R2 is not an alkylene bridging group having 2 to 4 atoms cnnecting the N atom to the o-position of the aromatic ring to which the N atom is attached. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
- alkyl methacrylate wherein the alkyl moiety contains from about 1 to 5 carbons, acrylamide, methacrylamide, and a styrene with a comonomer having the formula ##STR27## wherein (a) X is selected from the group consisting of --NO2, --CN, --CH═
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Current AssigneeEnablence Technologies USA Inc.
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Original AssigneeAlliedsignal Inc.
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InventorsHorn, Keith, Beeson, Karl W., McFarland, Michael J., Wu, Chengjiu
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Primary Examiner(s)Lesmes, George F.
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Assistant Examiner(s)Codd, Bernard P.
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Application NumberUS08/342,399Time in Patent Office620 DaysField of Search430/13, 430/20, 430/290, 430/321, 430/332, 385/129, 385/130US Class Current430/290CPC Class CodesG02B 6/13 Integrated optical circuits...G02F 1/065 in an optical waveguide str...
